GI Flashcards
The intramural plexus is associated with
Parasympathetic division of ANS
The thick connective tissue layer of the digestive tract that contains blood vessels, small glands, and a nerve plexus is the
Submucosa
Except the upper esophagus and stomach, the muscularis layer of digestive tract consists of
2 layers of smooth muscle
The mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall is the
greater omentum
All of these are retroperitoneal organs EXCEPT the: A) duodenum. B) kidneys. C) rectum D) stomach.
E) urinary bladder.
stomach
The muscles responsible for protruding and retracting the tongue, moving it from side to side and changing its shape are the
extrinsic tongue muscles
The frenulum is part of the
tongue
Adults normally have __________ permanent teeth; children have __________ deciduous teeth.
32, 20
Parietal cells in the stomach secrete
HCl acid and intrinsic factors
Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called
rugae
Which of these cells is correctly matched with its function?
A) absorptive cells-produce digestive enzymes
B) endocrine cells-produce regulatory hormones
C) goblet cells-produce protective mucus
D) duodenal glands-produce protective mucus
E) all of these are correct
all of the above
The most nutrient absorption takes place in the
duodenum and jejunum
All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT:
A) biotransformation of molecules.
B) production of digestive enzymes.
C) storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins, and iron.
D) synthesis of bile.
E) synthesis of blood components.
B
The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the
gastric phase
gastric secretion is stimulated by
duodenal pH greater than 3
this process is described as chyme moving from the stomach into the small intestine.
pyloric pump
inhibits secretion and motility of stomach
enterogastric reflex
Which of these conditions causes inhibition of gastric secretion?
A) hypotonic or hypertonic solution in the duodenum
B) distention of the duodenal wall
C) pH less than 2 in the duodenum
D) fats in the duodenum
E) all of these
all of the above
Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by
chemical or tactile stimulation
The __________ secretes peptidases and disaccharidases, whereas the __________ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases.
small intestine, pancreas
What GI hormone causes contraction of gall bladder
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
All of these occur in the large intestine EXCEPT:
A) large numbers of bacteria utilize undigested food.
B) fatty acids are absorbed.
C) vitamin K is produced.
D) sodium and water are absorbed.
E) mucus is produced.
B
Arrange these events in the order in which they occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport:
- chylomicrons enter lacteals
- triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol coated with protein
- fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles
- bile salts emulsify fats
- lipase digests fat
45321
A major transport lipoprotein that has 92% lipid and 8% protein is a(n)
VLDL
Activation of which of the following is normally associated with contraction of the smooth muscle of the gastrinointestinal tract?
Myenteric plexus
The true about slow-wave electrical potentials in gastrointestinal smooth muscle is
They are changes in the resting membrane varying tbwn 5 and 15 mv
Which would most likely decrease the number of spike potentials generated in the GI smoothmuscle?
sympathetic stimulation
the basic process of digestion
hydrolysis
What food substances is chewing essential for digestion?
fruits and vegetables
What is the main digestible carbohydrate normally consumed in the human diet?
starch
A patient with trigeminal neurapraxia (temporary segmental demyelination of the trigeminal nerve leading to conduction difficulties) would have the greatest difficulty with?
chewing
During what stage of swallowing is respiration inhibited?
pharyngeal stage
inhibition of myenteric plexus leads to
decrease of motility
what substances that can inhibit small intestinal motility
secretin
it decreases blood flow to the villi of small intestine
norepinephrine
