GI

Question 1

Foregut

Answer 1

Mouth to the common bile duct

Question 2

midgut

Answer 2

common bile duct to 2/3 of the transverse colon

Question 3

hindgut

Answer 3

2/3rds of the transverse colon to the anal canal

Question 4

blood supply of the foregut

Answer 4

coeliac artery

Question 5

components of the foregut

Answer 5

pharynx
oesophagus
stomach
proximal half of duodenum and the derivative:
liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen

Question 6

blood supply of the midgut

Answer 6

superior mesenteric artery

Question 7

components of the midgut

Answer 7

distal half of the duodenum
jejunum
ileum
caecum
appendix
ascending colon
right/ first 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 8

blood supply of the hindgut

Answer 8

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 9

components of the hindgut

Answer 9

last third of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal

Question 10

embryonic folding - during which week does the embryo begin to fold from a flat trilaminar disc to a cylinder?

Answer 10

4th

Question 11

how many planes does folding occur in? which ones?

Answer 11

two, horizontal and medial

Question 12

why does folding occur in two planes?

Answer 12

differing rates of growth of the embryonic structures

Question 13

what does the horizontal folding result in?

Answer 13

two lateral body folds

Question 14

what does the medial folding produce?

Answer 14

cranial and caudal folds

Question 15

does folding of the planes occur simultaneously?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

which part of the embryo forms the GI tract primarily

Answer 16

endoderm

Question 17

how is the primitive gut tube formed

Answer 17

as embryonic folding continues, the endoderm moves towards the midline and fuses
incorporating the dorsal part of the yolk sac to form the primitive gut tube

Question 18

What components of the embryo is the primitive gut tube formed from?

Answer 18

Endoderm and visceral mesoderm

Question 19

what does the endoderm give rise to

Answer 19

epithelial lining of the digestive tract
liver hepatocytes
endocrine and exocrine cells of the pancreas

Question 20

What does the visceral mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 20

muscle, connective tissue and peritoneal components of the wall of the gut
connective tissue for the glands

Question 21

what parts does the primitive gut tube differentiate into?

Answer 21

foregut, midgut and hindgut

Question 22

what end of the embryo is the foregut on?

Answer 22

cranial

Question 23

what is the oropharyngeal membrane?

Answer 23

temporarily closes the foregut at the cranial end
ruptures at the end of the 4th week to form the mouth

Question 24

when is the midgut connected to the yolk sac until?

Answer 24

5th week

Question 25

what is the vitelline duct?

Answer 25

the connection between the embryo and the yolk sac that narrows as the embryo folds

Question 26

what end of the embryo does the hindgut lie

Answer 26

caudal

Question 27

what is the cloacal membrane?

Answer 27

temporarily closes the hindgut at the caudal end
ruptures to form the anus at the 7th week

Question 28

What part of the gut are the pharyngeal arches in?

Answer 28

Foregut

Question 29

where do the pharyngeal arches start and finish?

Answer 29

oropharyngeal membrane to the respiratory diverticulum