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Exam 2 Gi NSG 219 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DASH diet?

A

When the patient prevents/controls high BP (hypertension)

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2
Q

What is the pritikan diet?

A

Low fat, high fiber

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3
Q

What is used for short term feedings?

A

NG tube

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4
Q

What is sued for long term feedings?

A

G-tube or J-tube

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5
Q

What can refeeding syndrome cause?

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias
Respiratory arrest
Paresthesia (pins or needles sensation)

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6
Q

What is Atkins diet?

A

Restrict carbs

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7
Q

What is South Beach diet?

A

Limit carbs and restrict calories

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8
Q

What should the daily protein intake be?

A

1g/1kg

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9
Q

What is the Zone diet?

A

Base foods off of blood sugar

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10
Q

What diet do you put a patient on with gastroparesis (prevents stomach emptying)?

A

Low fiber

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11
Q

What kind of meals do you put a patient on with malnutrition?

A

Frequent small meals

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12
Q

What is the treatment for anal fissures?

A

Increase fiber and fluids, sitz bath, and topical analgesics

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13
Q

What are anal fissures caused from?

A

Hard stools, trauma and infections

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14
Q

What vitamins do you give to a patient with malabsorption?

A

B12, A, D, K

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15
Q

Gluten-free foods

A

Cheese, yogurt, potatoes, PB, meat, fish, eggs, coffee, and tea

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16
Q

What diagnostic test do you anticipate for a patient with diverticulitis?

A

CT with contrast or a colonoscopy

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17
Q

What quadrant is the pain for diverticulitis?

A

LLQ

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18
Q

What does UC cause?

A

Bloody stools

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19
Q

What quadrant for UC?

A

LLQ with bloody stools

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20
Q

What quadrant for Crohns?

A

RLQ

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21
Q

What quadrant for cirrhosis?

A

URQ

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22
Q

What quadrant for appendicitis?

A

RLQ

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23
Q

What is a patient likely to have with a high intestinal obstruction?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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24
Q

When a patient has an intestinal obstruction and a high WBC, this could mean what?

A

Strangulation
Perforation

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25
Q

What can intestinal obstruction lead to?

A

Hypotension
Hypovolemic shock

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26
Q

What does gastroenteritis cause?

A

Diarrhea

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27
Q

What does UC increase the risk for?

A

Dehydration

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28
Q

What do you give a patient with decreased absorption?

A

Vitamin B12

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29
Q

What are the symptoms of cirrhosis?

A

Ascites
Severe itching

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30
Q

How do you treat IBS?

A

Reduce anxiety
Decrease fat
Increase fiber and exercise

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31
Q

What could increase pulse and decreased BP mean?

A

Shock

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32
Q

What are some high fiber foods?

A

Broccoli/beans
Potatoes/tomatoes
Apple/strawberries
Whole wheat

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33
Q

Long-term diarrhea can cause what on lab test?

A

Increased WBC and BUN
Decreased iron and folate

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34
Q

What can E.coli cause?

A

Bloody diarrhea

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35
Q

What do infections in the UGI normally cause?

A

Large volume watery stools
Cramping at bellybutton

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36
Q

What do infections of the LGI normally cause?

A

Small volume frequent bloody diarrhea
High fever

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37
Q

What labs are expected for possible appendicitis?

A

CBC
CT
Urinalysis

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38
Q

What are the common symptoms for peritonitis?

A

Rebound tenderness
Fever
Sepsis
Tachycardia
Hypovolemic shock

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39
Q

How do you treat PUD?

A

PPI
Antibiotic for H. Pylori

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40
Q

How do you treat gastric outlet obstruction?

A

Decompress the stomach
PPI

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41
Q

What are the symptoms of perforation?

A

Respirations shallow and rapid
Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Absent bowel sounds

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42
Q

Severe vomiting leads to what?

A

Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia

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43
Q

What are the symptoms of gastritis?

A

Full feeling
Anorexia

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44
Q

What diagnostic test can you not use to diagnose gastritis?

A

X-rays

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45
Q

What does Mallory-Weiss tear cause?

A

Bright red blood in emesis (vomit)

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46
Q

When are antacids given?

A

1-3 hours after meals
Bedtime

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47
Q

What are the symptoms of esophageal diverticula?

A

Chronic cough
Weight loss
Regurgitation
Foul Odor

48
Q

What is the diet for a patient with a hiatal hernia?

A

Small frequent low fat meals

49
Q

What are the symptoms for Eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

Heartburn
Difficulty swallowing
Food impaction

50
Q

What are post-op complications of an illeostomy?

A

Dehydration
Abscess
Bowel obstruction
Hemorrhage

51
Q

What can Crohns cause?

A

Malabsorption
Abscess
Fistulas

52
Q

What is a late sign of perforation?

A

Hypotension

53
Q

Where does the vitamin and mineral oil absorption take place?

A

Small intestine

54
Q

What are complications of PUD?

A

Hemorrhage
Obstruction
Vomiting
Constipation

55
Q

What is the test called that test for H. Pylori?

A

Clo Test

56
Q

What causes white raised areas?

A

H. Pylori

57
Q

What medications can cause ulcers?

A

Aspirin
NSAIDS
Anticoagulants
Steroids
SSRI

58
Q

What can GERD lead to?

A

Esophagitis
Barrett’s esophagus
Strictures

59
Q

What test does a patient with Barrett’s esophagus need to get twice a year?

A

EGD

60
Q

What scan does a patient need to check for gallbladder function?

A

HIDA scan

61
Q

Anterior pain on what part of the body could indicate a problem with the liver?

A

Front right shoulder

62
Q

Pain in the posterior left should could indicate a problem with what?

A

Pancreas

63
Q

What is the Jewish diet often referred to?

A

Kosher

64
Q

Starvation can lead to irreversible damage in the brain known as what?

A

Encephalopathy

65
Q

What can a bloated belly indicate?

A

Severe malnutrition

66
Q

What do the vitals look like for malnutrition?

A

Decreased BP and RR
Weak pulse
Increased HR

67
Q

What medications treat cirrhosis?

A

Lactose (ammonia levels)
Propranolol (portal vein hypertension)
Spiralactone and furosemide (diuretics)

68
Q

What diagnostic test checks for varisces?

A

EGD

69
Q

How do you treat varisces?

A

Sengstaken-Blakemore

70
Q

What are some post gastric bypass complications?

A

Dumping Syndrome
Pernicious Anemia
Multivitamin and calcium

71
Q

What two problems would you use a CT scan for?

A

Diverticulitis
UC

72
Q

When do you need to take your patient to endo ASAP?

A

Esophageal Varices

73
Q

What labs do you monitor with an ileostomy?

A

Sodium
Potassium

74
Q

What patient is at most risk for having low B12?

A

Malabsorption (Crohns)
Stomach surgeries

75
Q

When should a patient report diverticulitis?

A

Extreme pain in LLQ with:
Constipation
Bloating
Flatulence or
Blood in stool

76
Q

What is the first line of treatment for Crohns?

A

Aminosallicytes

77
Q

What is the diagnostic test for IBD?

A

Colonoscopy

78
Q

If a patient is experiencing peritonitis and develops ARDS, what is the immediate action?

A

Intubation

79
Q

Obesity increases the risk for what?

A

GERD
Type 2 diabetes
Swollen liver (NASH)
Gallstones

80
Q

How many calories are in each ml of a tube feeding?

A

1cal/ 1ml

81
Q

What does Grehlin stimulate?

A

Hunger

82
Q

What are indications for Parenteral nutrition?

A

Chronic diarrhea/vomiting
Complicated surgeries
GI obstruction
Fistulas
Severe malabsorption

83
Q

What are indications for enternal nutrition?

A

Anorexia
Oreo facial fractures
Head/neck cancer
Psyc conditions that prevents oral intake
Burns
Chemo
Mechanical ventilation

84
Q

What surgery do you see with a Crohns patient?

A

Respecting the diseased segments with reanastomosis of remaining intestines

85
Q

What is adjustable gastric banding (AGB)?

A

Reduce stomach size with inflatable balloon but the patient must maintain their diet.

86
Q

What is a sleeve gastrectomy?

A

75% if the stomach removed. Not reversible

87
Q

What is a gastric Plication?

A

Reduce size of stomach. Reversible

88
Q

What is an intragastric balloon?

A

Balloon takes space in the stomach to make the patient feel full

89
Q

What is a RYGB?

A

A connection of a pouch to the small intestine so that food can bypass the stomach

90
Q

H2 medications

A

-Tidine
Tagamet
Pepcid
Axid
Zantac

91
Q

Antacid Medications

A

Tums
Alka-seltzer
Bictira
Amphojel

92
Q

PPI Medications

A

-prazole
Dexilant
Aciphex
Protonix
Prilosec
Prevacid
Nexium

93
Q

What medication do you not give to a suspected appendicitis patient?

A

Laxatives

94
Q

What medications are administered to a patient with IBS?

A

Bentyl
Lotronex
Lomotil
Linzess

95
Q

What are some anti diarrheal drugs?

A

Adsorbents
Anticholinergics
Opiates
Probiotics

96
Q

What medication serves as an adsorbent?

A

Pesto-bismol

97
Q

What are some Anticholinergics drugs?

A

Domatal
Elixir
Atropine
Hycosmaine

98
Q

What are some opiate drugs?

A

Lomotil
Codeine
Imodium

99
Q

What are some probiotic drugs?

A

Florastor
Bacid
Cultrelle

100
Q

What are the types of laxatives?

A

Bulk-forming
Emollient
Hyperosmotic
Saline
Stimulant

101
Q

Bulk-forming drugs

A

Citucel
Metamucil

102
Q

What is the safest laxative?

A

Bulk-forming

103
Q

When do you use bulk-forming laxatives?

A

Constipation
IBS
Diverticulosis

104
Q

What are some emollient drugs?

A

Colace
Mineral oil

105
Q

What do emollient drugs do?

A

Softens the stool

106
Q

What are some hyperosmotic drugs?

A

Glycerin
Lactulose
Golytely

107
Q

What are some saline drugs?

A

Magnesium salts
Fleet enema

108
Q

What are some stimulant drugs?

A

Dulcolax
Senokot

109
Q

What laxatives can a patient become dependent on?

A

Stimulant drugs

110
Q

What medications treat C.Diff?

A

Flagyl and vancomycin

111
Q

What medications are used to help treat Hepatitis C?

A

-vir
Sofosbuvir
Ledipasvir
Ombitasvir
Partitaprevir

112
Q

What diagnostic test do you use for UC?

A

Ultrasounds and CT

113
Q

What diagnostic test do you use for Intestinal obstruction?

A

X-ray
CT
Contrast enema

114
Q

What diagnostic test do you use to look at a hernia?

A

Ultrasound

115
Q

What can low B12 cause?

A

Pernicious anemia

Exam 2 Gi NSG 219 (1 decks)

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