GI Flashcards
1
Q
What is the DASH diet?
A
When the patient prevents/controls high BP (hypertension)
2
Q
What is the pritikan diet?
A
Low fat, high fiber
3
Q
What is used for short term feedings?
A
NG tube
4
Q
What is sued for long term feedings?
A
G-tube or J-tube
5
Q
What can refeeding syndrome cause?
A
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Respiratory arrest
Paresthesia (pins or needles sensation)
6
Q
What is Atkins diet?
A
Restrict carbs
7
Q
What is South Beach diet?
A
Limit carbs and restrict calories
8
Q
What should the daily protein intake be?
A
1g/1kg
9
Q
What is the Zone diet?
A
Base foods off of blood sugar
10
Q
What diet do you put a patient on with gastroparesis (prevents stomach emptying)?
A
Low fiber
11
Q
What kind of meals do you put a patient on with malnutrition?
A
Frequent small meals
12
Q
What is the treatment for anal fissures?
A
Increase fiber and fluids, sitz bath, and topical analgesics
13
Q
What are anal fissures caused from?
A
Hard stools, trauma and infections
14
Q
What vitamins do you give to a patient with malabsorption?
A
B12, A, D, K
15
Q
Gluten-free foods
A
Cheese, yogurt, potatoes, PB, meat, fish, eggs, coffee, and tea
16
Q
What diagnostic test do you anticipate for a patient with diverticulitis?
A
CT with contrast or a colonoscopy
17
Q
What quadrant is the pain for diverticulitis?
A
LLQ
18
Q
What does UC cause?
A
Bloody stools
19
Q
What quadrant for UC?
A
LLQ with bloody stools
20
Q
What quadrant for Crohns?
A
RLQ
21
Q
What quadrant for cirrhosis?
A
URQ
22
Q
What quadrant for appendicitis?
A
RLQ
23
Q
What is a patient likely to have with a high intestinal obstruction?
A
Metabolic alkalosis
24
Q
When a patient has an intestinal obstruction and a high WBC, this could mean what?
A
Strangulation
Perforation
25
What can intestinal obstruction lead to?
Hypotension
Hypovolemic shock
26
What does gastroenteritis cause?
Diarrhea
27
What does UC increase the risk for?
Dehydration
28
What do you give a patient with decreased absorption?
Vitamin B12
29
What are the symptoms of cirrhosis?
Ascites
Severe itching
30
How do you treat IBS?
Reduce anxiety
Decrease fat
Increase fiber and exercise
31
What could increase pulse and decreased BP mean?
Shock
32
What are some high fiber foods?
Broccoli/beans
Potatoes/tomatoes
Apple/strawberries
Whole wheat
33
Long-term diarrhea can cause what on lab test?
Increased WBC and BUN
Decreased iron and folate
34
What can E.coli cause?
Bloody diarrhea
35
What do infections in the UGI normally cause?
Large volume watery stools
Cramping at bellybutton
36
What do infections of the LGI normally cause?
Small volume frequent bloody diarrhea
High fever
37
What labs are expected for possible appendicitis?
CBC
CT
Urinalysis
38
What are the common symptoms for peritonitis?
Rebound tenderness
Fever
Sepsis
Tachycardia
Hypovolemic shock
39
How do you treat PUD?
PPI
Antibiotic for H. Pylori
40
How do you treat gastric outlet obstruction?
Decompress the stomach
PPI
41
What are the symptoms of perforation?
Respirations shallow and rapid
Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Absent bowel sounds
42
Severe vomiting leads to what?
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
43
What are the symptoms of gastritis?
Full feeling
Anorexia
44
What diagnostic test can you not use to diagnose gastritis?
X-rays
45
What does Mallory-Weiss tear cause?
Bright red blood in emesis (vomit)
46
When are antacids given?
1-3 hours after meals
Bedtime
47
What are the symptoms of esophageal diverticula?
Chronic cough
Weight loss
Regurgitation
Foul Odor
48
What is the diet for a patient with a hiatal hernia?
Small frequent low fat meals
49
What are the symptoms for Eosinophilic esophagitis?
Heartburn
Difficulty swallowing
Food impaction
50
What are post-op complications of an illeostomy?
Dehydration
Abscess
Bowel obstruction
Hemorrhage
51
What can Crohns cause?
Malabsorption
Abscess
Fistulas
52
What is a late sign of perforation?
Hypotension
53
Where does the vitamin and mineral oil absorption take place?
Small intestine
54
What are complications of PUD?
Hemorrhage
Obstruction
Vomiting
Constipation
55
What is the test called that test for H. Pylori?
Clo Test
56
What causes white raised areas?
H. Pylori
57
What medications can cause ulcers?
Aspirin
NSAIDS
Anticoagulants
Steroids
SSRI
58
What can GERD lead to?
Esophagitis
Barrett’s esophagus
Strictures
59
What test does a patient with Barrett’s esophagus need to get twice a year?
EGD
60
What scan does a patient need to check for gallbladder function?
HIDA scan
61
Anterior pain on what part of the body could indicate a problem with the liver?
Front right shoulder
62
Pain in the posterior left should could indicate a problem with what?
Pancreas
63
What is the Jewish diet often referred to?
Kosher
64
Starvation can lead to irreversible damage in the brain known as what?
Encephalopathy
65
What can a bloated belly indicate?
Severe malnutrition
66
What do the vitals look like for malnutrition?
Decreased BP and RR
Weak pulse
Increased HR
67
What medications treat cirrhosis?
Lactose (ammonia levels)
Propranolol (portal vein hypertension)
Spiralactone and furosemide (diuretics)
68
What diagnostic test checks for varisces?
EGD
69
How do you treat varisces?
Sengstaken-Blakemore
70
What are some post gastric bypass complications?
Dumping Syndrome
Pernicious Anemia
Multivitamin and calcium
71
What two problems would you use a CT scan for?
Diverticulitis
UC
72
When do you need to take your patient to endo ASAP?
Esophageal Varices
73
What labs do you monitor with an ileostomy?
Sodium
Potassium
74
What patient is at most risk for having low B12?
Malabsorption (Crohns)
Stomach surgeries
75
When should a patient report diverticulitis?
Extreme pain in LLQ with:
Constipation
Bloating
Flatulence or
Blood in stool
76
What is the first line of treatment for Crohns?
Aminosallicytes
77
What is the diagnostic test for IBD?
Colonoscopy
78
If a patient is experiencing peritonitis and develops ARDS, what is the immediate action?
Intubation
79
Obesity increases the risk for what?
GERD
Type 2 diabetes
Swollen liver (NASH)
Gallstones
80
How many calories are in each ml of a tube feeding?
1cal/ 1ml
81
What does Grehlin stimulate?
Hunger
82
What are indications for Parenteral nutrition?
Chronic diarrhea/vomiting
Complicated surgeries
GI obstruction
Fistulas
Severe malabsorption
83
What are indications for enternal nutrition?
Anorexia
Oreo facial fractures
Head/neck cancer
Psyc conditions that prevents oral intake
Burns
Chemo
Mechanical ventilation
84
What surgery do you see with a Crohns patient?
Respecting the diseased segments with reanastomosis of remaining intestines
85
What is adjustable gastric banding (AGB)?
Reduce stomach size with inflatable balloon but the patient must maintain their diet.
86
What is a sleeve gastrectomy?
75% if the stomach removed. Not reversible
87
What is a gastric Plication?
Reduce size of stomach. Reversible
88
What is an intragastric balloon?
Balloon takes space in the stomach to make the patient feel full
89
What is a RYGB?
A connection of a pouch to the small intestine so that food can bypass the stomach
90
H2 medications
-Tidine
Tagamet
Pepcid
Axid
Zantac
91
Antacid Medications
Tums
Alka-seltzer
Bictira
Amphojel
92
PPI Medications
-prazole
Dexilant
Aciphex
Protonix
Prilosec
Prevacid
Nexium
93
What medication do you not give to a suspected appendicitis patient?
Laxatives
94
What medications are administered to a patient with IBS?
Bentyl
Lotronex
Lomotil
Linzess
95
What are some anti diarrheal drugs?
Adsorbents
Anticholinergics
Opiates
Probiotics
96
What medication serves as an adsorbent?
Pesto-bismol
97
What are some Anticholinergics drugs?
Domatal
Elixir
Atropine
Hycosmaine
98
What are some opiate drugs?
Lomotil
Codeine
Imodium
99
What are some probiotic drugs?
Florastor
Bacid
Cultrelle
100
What are the types of laxatives?
Bulk-forming
Emollient
Hyperosmotic
Saline
Stimulant
101
Bulk-forming drugs
Citucel
Metamucil
102
What is the safest laxative?
Bulk-forming
103
When do you use bulk-forming laxatives?
Constipation
IBS
Diverticulosis
104
What are some emollient drugs?
Colace
Mineral oil
105
What do emollient drugs do?
Softens the stool
106
What are some hyperosmotic drugs?
Glycerin
Lactulose
Golytely
107
What are some saline drugs?
Magnesium salts
Fleet enema
108
What are some stimulant drugs?
Dulcolax
Senokot
109
What laxatives can a patient become dependent on?
Stimulant drugs
110
What medications treat C.Diff?
Flagyl and vancomycin
111
What medications are used to help treat Hepatitis C?
-vir
Sofosbuvir
Ledipasvir
Ombitasvir
Partitaprevir
112
What diagnostic test do you use for UC?
Ultrasounds and CT
113
What diagnostic test do you use for Intestinal obstruction?
X-ray
CT
Contrast enema
114
What diagnostic test do you use to look at a hernia?
Ultrasound
115
What can low B12 cause?
Pernicious anemia
