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HESI MS Review > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

cancer risk in people who have high fruit and veggie intake

A

1/2 the risk of those with low intake

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2
Q

lycopene and cancer risk

A

high intake is associated with reduced digestive tract cancer risk

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3
Q

what X2 might offer protective effect on GI cancer

A

garlic and onions

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4
Q

what cancer do probiotics reduce the risk of

A

colon cancer

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5
Q

what do prebiotics do

A

stimulate growth and activity of friendly bacteria in the gut

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6
Q

what usually causes ureteral structures X2

A

surgical intervention

large tumors

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7
Q

ureteral structure s/s X

A

mild to moderate colic

mod to severe pain if large amounts of fluid are ingested in a short amount of time

infection not common

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8
Q

when is infection a risk with ureteral strictures

A

when a calculus/foreign object (stent/tube) is present

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9
Q

ureteral stricture tx X4

A

placing a stent with endoscopy

nephrostomy tube

dilation with a balloon or catheter

surgical approach (cut the bad part out and reattach)

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10
Q

what can you cover a stoma with besides the pouch

A

petroleum gauze dressing that is covered with a dry sterile dressing

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11
Q

what should a healthy stoma look like

A

reddish pink, most and protrude about 3/4 inch/2 cm from abdomen

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12
Q

when is bleeding normal with a stoma

A

shorty after surgery

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13
Q

stoma problems to report to the HCP immediately X3

A

signs of ischemia/necrosis

unusual bleeding

mucocutaneous separation

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14
Q

what are signs of of ischemia and necrosis in a stoma

A

dark red, purple, black color and dru

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15
Q

what is mucocutaneous separation

A

breakdown of the suture line securing the stoma to the abdominal wall

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16
Q

when should a stoma start functioning after surgery

A

2-3 days postop

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17
Q

when should the ostomy pouch be emptied

A

1/3 to 1/2 full of stool

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18
Q

UC onset age

A

teens to mid-30’s, after 60

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19
Q

crohns onset age

A

teens to mid-30’s, after 60

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20
Q

UC + diarrhea

A

common

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21
Q

crohns + diarrhea

A

common

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22
Q

UC + abd pain

A

common, severe and constant

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23
Q

crohns + abd pain

A

common, cramping

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24
Q

UC + weight loss

A

rare

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25
crohns + weight loss
common, may be severe
26
UC + rectal bleeding
common
27
crohns + rectal bleeding
sometimes
28
UC + tenesmus
Common
29
crohns + tenesmus
Rare
30
what is tenesmus
the feeling that you need to poop even though the bowel is empty
31
UC and malabsorption/deficiencies
minimal incidence
32
crohns and malabsorption/deficiencies
common
33
where is UC located
starts in rectum and spreads up the colon
34
where does crohns occur
anywhere in the GI tract most frequent site is distal ileum
35
UC small bowel involvement
minimal incidence
36
crohns small bowel involvement
common
37
how is UC distributed
continuous areas of inflammation
38
how is crohns distributed
healthy tissue interspersed with inflammaiton
39
UC depth of involvement
mucosa
40
crohns depth of involvement
ntire thickenss of bowel wall
41
UC cobblestoning of mucosa
rare
42
crohns cobblestoning of mucosa
common
43
UC pseudopolyps
common
44
crohns pseudopolyps
rare
45
UC perianal abscess and fistulas
rare
46
crohns perianal abscesses and fituals
common
47
UC and strictures
occasional
48
crohns and strictures
common
49
UC and c. difficile
increased incidence and severity
50
crohns and c diff
increased incidence and severity
51
UC and performation
common d/t toxic megacolon
52
crohns and perforation
common d/t entire bowel involvement
53
UC and toxic megacolon
common
54
crohns and toxic megacolon
rare
55
UC and carcinoma
increased incidence of colorectal cancer after 10 years w/ dz
56
crohns and carcinoma
increased incidence of small intestinal cancer and colorectal cancer but not as much as UC
57
which ethnic groups does IBD occur in
white and ashkenazi jews
58
what environmental factors can trigger IBD X4
diet air pollution stress smoking
59
what kind of diet is linked with an increased risk of IBD
high total fats, polyunsaturated fat, omega 6 fatty acids and meat
60
what kind of diet is linked with a decreased risk of crohns
high fiber and fruit intake
61
what kind of diet is linked with a decreased risk of UC
high veggie
62
what 2 drugs exacerbate crohns
oral BC and NSAID's
63
IBD Lab studies X4
CBC ESR CMP Stool Sample
64
IBD dx procedures
Endoscopy Barium enema Sigmoid/colonoscopy w/ biopsy
65
IBD Diet
high: cal, vitamin protein low: residue lactose
66
IBD Drug therapy X5
``` aminosalicylates antimicrobials corticosteroids immunosuppressants immunomodulators ```
67
targets to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight throughout life X3
be lean without being underweight avoid excess weight gain at all ages get regular physical activity
68
physical activity targets X2
adults: 150 mins of mod activity/week or 75 vig activity/week children: 1 hr of mod intensity each day and vig activity 3 days/week
69
how many cups of veggies a day should you drink
2 1/2 cups
70
diagnostic tests for GERD X3
barium swallow EGD pH monitoring***
71
what does a barium swallow show X3
hiatal hernias strictures structural/anatomic esophageal roblems
72
what GERD test involves biopsys
EGD
73
what is the most definitive GERD test
pH monitoring
74
what does management of ascites focus on X3
sodium restriction diuretics fluid removal
75
sodium intake w/ ascites
2 g/day 250-500 mg/day if severe
76
assessment for ascites
F/E imbalances
77
diuretics used in ascites
``` spironolactone amiloride triamterene furosemide tolvaptan ```
78
ascites procedure
paracentesis
79
GI tract complications r/t IBD X7
``` hemorrhage strictures perforation abscesses fistuals c. diff colonic dilation ```

HESI MS Review (2 decks)

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