Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HESI MS Review > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

cancer risk in people who have high fruit and veggie intake

A

1/2 the risk of those with low intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lycopene and cancer risk

A

high intake is associated with reduced digestive tract cancer risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what X2 might offer protective effect on GI cancer

A

garlic and onions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what cancer do probiotics reduce the risk of

A

colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do prebiotics do

A

stimulate growth and activity of friendly bacteria in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what usually causes ureteral structures X2

A

surgical intervention

large tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ureteral structure s/s X

A

mild to moderate colic

mod to severe pain if large amounts of fluid are ingested in a short amount of time

infection not common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when is infection a risk with ureteral strictures

A

when a calculus/foreign object (stent/tube) is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ureteral stricture tx X4

A

placing a stent with endoscopy

nephrostomy tube

dilation with a balloon or catheter

surgical approach (cut the bad part out and reattach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can you cover a stoma with besides the pouch

A

petroleum gauze dressing that is covered with a dry sterile dressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what should a healthy stoma look like

A

reddish pink, most and protrude about 3/4 inch/2 cm from abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when is bleeding normal with a stoma

A

shorty after surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stoma problems to report to the HCP immediately X3

A

signs of ischemia/necrosis

unusual bleeding

mucocutaneous separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are signs of of ischemia and necrosis in a stoma

A

dark red, purple, black color and dru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is mucocutaneous separation

A

breakdown of the suture line securing the stoma to the abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when should a stoma start functioning after surgery

A

2-3 days postop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when should the ostomy pouch be emptied

A

1/3 to 1/2 full of stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

UC onset age

A

teens to mid-30’s, after 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

crohns onset age

A

teens to mid-30’s, after 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

UC + diarrhea

A

common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

crohns + diarrhea

A

common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

UC + abd pain

A

common, severe and constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

crohns + abd pain

A

common, cramping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

UC + weight loss

A

rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

crohns + weight loss

A

common, may be severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

UC + rectal bleeding

A

common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

crohns + rectal bleeding

A

sometimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

UC + tenesmus

A

Common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

crohns + tenesmus

A

Rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is tenesmus

A

the feeling that you need to poop even though the bowel is empty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

UC and malabsorption/deficiencies

A

minimal incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

crohns and malabsorption/deficiencies

A

common

33
Q

where is UC located

A

starts in rectum and spreads up the colon

34
Q

where does crohns occur

A

anywhere in the GI tract

most frequent site is distal ileum

35
Q

UC small bowel involvement

A

minimal incidence

36
Q

crohns small bowel involvement

A

common

37
Q

how is UC distributed

A

continuous areas of inflammation

38
Q

how is crohns distributed

A

healthy tissue interspersed with inflammaiton

39
Q

UC depth of involvement

A

mucosa

40
Q

crohns depth of involvement

A

ntire thickenss of bowel wall

41
Q

UC cobblestoning of mucosa

A

rare

42
Q

crohns cobblestoning of mucosa

A

common

43
Q

UC pseudopolyps

A

common

44
Q

crohns pseudopolyps

A

rare

45
Q

UC perianal abscess and fistulas

A

rare

46
Q

crohns perianal abscesses and fituals

A

common

47
Q

UC and strictures

A

occasional

48
Q

crohns and strictures

A

common

49
Q

UC and c. difficile

A

increased incidence and severity

50
Q

crohns and c diff

A

increased incidence and severity

51
Q

UC and performation

A

common d/t toxic megacolon

52
Q

crohns and perforation

A

common d/t entire bowel involvement

53
Q

UC and toxic megacolon

A

common

54
Q

crohns and toxic megacolon

A

rare

55
Q

UC and carcinoma

A

increased incidence of colorectal cancer after 10 years w/ dz

56
Q

crohns and carcinoma

A

increased incidence of small intestinal cancer and colorectal cancer but not as much as UC

57
Q

which ethnic groups does IBD occur in

A

white and ashkenazi jews

58
Q

what environmental factors can trigger IBD X4

A

diet
air pollution
stress
smoking

59
Q

what kind of diet is linked with an increased risk of IBD

A

high total fats, polyunsaturated fat, omega 6 fatty acids and meat

60
Q

what kind of diet is linked with a decreased risk of crohns

A

high fiber and fruit intake

61
Q

what kind of diet is linked with a decreased risk of UC

A

high veggie

62
Q

what 2 drugs exacerbate crohns

A

oral BC and NSAID’s

63
Q

IBD Lab studies X4

A

CBC
ESR
CMP
Stool Sample

64
Q

IBD dx procedures

A

Endoscopy
Barium enema
Sigmoid/colonoscopy w/ biopsy

65
Q

IBD Diet

A

high:
cal, vitamin
protein

low:
residue
lactose

66
Q

IBD Drug therapy X5

A 
aminosalicylates
antimicrobials
corticosteroids
immunosuppressants
immunomodulators
67
Q

targets to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight throughout life X3

A

be lean without being underweight

avoid excess weight gain at all ages

get regular physical activity

68
Q

physical activity targets X2

A

adults: 150 mins of mod activity/week or 75 vig activity/week
children: 1 hr of mod intensity each day and vig activity 3 days/week

69
Q

how many cups of veggies a day should you drink

A

2 1/2 cups

70
Q

diagnostic tests for GERD X3

A

barium swallow
EGD
pH monitoring***

71
Q

what does a barium swallow show X3

A

hiatal hernias

strictures

structural/anatomic esophageal roblems

72
Q

what GERD test involves biopsys

A

EGD

73
Q

what is the most definitive GERD test

A

pH monitoring

74
Q

what does management of ascites focus on X3

A

sodium restriction

diuretics

fluid removal

75
Q

sodium intake w/ ascites

A

2 g/day

250-500 mg/day if severe

76
Q

assessment for ascites

A

F/E imbalances

77
Q

diuretics used in ascites

A 
spironolactone
amiloride
triamterene
furosemide
tolvaptan
78
Q

ascites procedure

A

paracentesis

79
Q

GI tract complications r/t IBD X7

A 
hemorrhage
strictures
perforation
abscesses
fistuals
c. diff
colonic dilation

HESI MS Review (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions