GI

Question 1

After introduction and general inspection, what is the first thing you examine in a GI exam?

Answer 1

hands

Question 2

What does pallor of the palmar creases suggest?

Answer 2

anaemia

Question 3

What disease may be indicated by palmar erythema?

Answer 3

liver disease

Question 4

What is leukonychia?

Answer 4

white patches on the nails

Question 5

low levels of what can cause leukonychia totalis?

Answer 5

albumin

Question 6

What is the medical term for spoon shaped nails?

Answer 6

koilonychia

Question 7

What may multiple spider nevi suggest?

Answer 7

underlying liver disease

Question 8

What is another word for liver flap?

Answer 8

asterixis

Question 9

What does asterixis suggest?

Answer 9

possible liver failure

but could also be seen in renal failure or respiratory failure

Question 10

When examining the eyes, what should we be looking for?

Answer 10

jaundice 
anaemia 
xanthelasma 
corneal arcus 
kayser-fleischer rings

Question 11

What does jaundice look like in the eyes?

Answer 11

whites of eyes turn yellow

Question 12

What do spoon shaped nails suggest?

Answer 12

chronic iron deficiency

Question 13

What does conjunctival pallor suggest?

Answer 13

anaemia

Question 14

What does xanthelasma suggest?

Answer 14

high cholesterol

Question 15

What is corneal arcus a sign of?

Answer 15

high cholesterol

Question 16

What are kayser-fleischer rings?

Answer 16

brown rings that encircle the iris

Question 17

What causes kayser-fleischer rings?

Answer 17

copper deposition

Question 18

What do we examine the skin of the face for?

Answer 18

telangiectasia

Question 19

What is angular stomatitis?

Answer 19

sore corners of mouth

Question 20

What can cause angular stomatitis?

Answer 20

vitamin deficiencies

Question 21

What can cause painful glossitis?

Answer 21

vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Question 22

What can cause painless glossitis?

Answer 22

iron deficiency

Question 23

What can cause glossitis?

Answer 23

B12, folate or iron deficiency

Question 24

What may mouth ulcers suggest?

Answer 24

B12 deficiency
Iron deficiency
Crohn’s disease
coeliac disease

Question 25

What are we looking for when we examine the chest wall?

Answer 25

spider nevi | gynaecomastia

Question 26

What may gynaecomastia suggest?

Answer 26

liver failure

Question 27

Where is Virchow's node?

Answer 27

left supraclavicular

Question 28

What may an enlarged virchow's node suggest?

Answer 28

malignancy

Question 29

In what position should the abdomen be inspected and palpated?

Answer 29

patient should be lying flat

Question 30

What are the 5 Fs of abdominal distention?

Answer 30

``` Fluid Faeces Flatus Foetus Fat ```

Question 31

Where is it important to look when palpating the regions of the abdomen?

Answer 31

At the patient's face

Question 32

What is abdominal guarding?

Answer 32

the involuntary tensing of abdominal muscles to protect inflamed organs