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Phase 2b > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

After introduction and general inspection, what is the first thing you examine in a GI exam?

A

hands

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2
Q

What does pallor of the palmar creases suggest?

A

anaemia

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3
Q

What disease may be indicated by palmar erythema?

A

liver disease

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4
Q

What is leukonychia?

A

white patches on the nails

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5
Q

low levels of what can cause leukonychia totalis?

A

albumin

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6
Q

What is the medical term for spoon shaped nails?

A

koilonychia

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7
Q

What may multiple spider nevi suggest?

A

underlying liver disease

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8
Q

What is another word for liver flap?

A

asterixis

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9
Q

What does asterixis suggest?

A

possible liver failure

but could also be seen in renal failure or respiratory failure

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10
Q

When examining the eyes, what should we be looking for?

A 
jaundice 
anaemia 
xanthelasma 
corneal arcus 
kayser-fleischer rings
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11
Q

What does jaundice look like in the eyes?

A

whites of eyes turn yellow

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12
Q

What do spoon shaped nails suggest?

A

chronic iron deficiency

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13
Q

What does conjunctival pallor suggest?

A

anaemia

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14
Q

What does xanthelasma suggest?

A

high cholesterol

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15
Q

What is corneal arcus a sign of?

A

high cholesterol

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16
Q

What are kayser-fleischer rings?

A

brown rings that encircle the iris

17
Q

What causes kayser-fleischer rings?

A

copper deposition

18
Q

What do we examine the skin of the face for?

A

telangiectasia

19
Q

What is angular stomatitis?

A

sore corners of mouth

20
Q

What can cause angular stomatitis?

A

vitamin deficiencies

21
Q

What can cause painful glossitis?

A

vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

22
Q

What can cause painless glossitis?

A

iron deficiency

23
Q

What can cause glossitis?

A

B12, folate or iron deficiency

24
Q

What may mouth ulcers suggest?

A

B12 deficiency
Iron deficiency
Crohn’s disease
coeliac disease

25
Q

What are we looking for when we examine the chest wall?

A

spider nevi

gynaecomastia

26
Q

What may gynaecomastia suggest?

A

liver failure

27
Q

Where is Virchow’s node?

A

left supraclavicular

28
Q

What may an enlarged virchow’s node suggest?

A

malignancy

29
Q

In what position should the abdomen be inspected and palpated?

A

patient should be lying flat

30
Q

What are the 5 Fs of abdominal distention?

A 
Fluid 
Faeces 
Flatus 
Foetus 
Fat
31
Q

Where is it important to look when palpating the regions of the abdomen?

A

At the patient’s face

32
Q

What is abdominal guarding?

A

the involuntary tensing of abdominal muscles to protect inflamed organs

Phase 2b (10 decks)

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