GI 1 Flashcards
What is the fancy word for “Canker Sore?”
Aphthous ulcer
Are aphthous ulcers found or keratinized, or non-keratinized epithelium?
Non-keratinized
What four things can trigger aphthous ulcers?
- Stress
- Fever
- Indigestion
- IBD
What two types of inflammatory cells are found in an aphthous ulcer? Name two other characteristics.
Monocytes and polys. The lesions have a red (erythematous) rim and gray-white exudate.
Name the condition: Shallow ulcer of the oral cavity covered by fibrinopurulent exudate with underlying infiltrate composed of monocytes and polymorphs.
Aphthous ulcer
Are aphthous ulcers usually self-limiting and heal without scarring?
Yeah.
Which viruses causes herpetic stomatitis?
HSV1 or HSV2
____% of the population becomes infected by the HSV1 virus by midlife.
75%
Primary infection with herpes simplex virus is ___________ and the virus persists in a _________ state within ganglia around the mouth.
asymptomatic, persists in a dormant state
Are oral infection rates of HSV2 rising?
Yeah
Name eight things that can activate the herpex simplex virus.
- Fever
- Sun
- Cold exposure
- Respiratory tract infection
- Allergies
- Immunosuppression
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
Describe herpes lesions (size, what they’re filled with, where they occur).
Small (<5mm dia), single or multiple, filled with clear exudate on lips and around nasal orifices.
Do herpes lesions often rupture?
Yeah
Name three cellular changes seen in a herpes lesion.
- Ballooning degeneration of infected cells.
- Intranuclear acidophilic viral inclusions.
- Multinucleated polykaryons (fusion of cells).
What is the Tzanck test? Name one infection that yields a positive Tzanck test.
Looking at vesicle fluid (from a blister) under the microscope and seeing acidophilic viral inclusions and polykaryons. Typical of Herpes infection.
Herpetic gingivostomatitis and lymphadenopathy may develop in herpes-infected patients who are __________.
immunocompromised
Which infectious agent causes pseudomembranous candidiasis/thrush? Where is this agent found?
Caused by the yeast Candida albicans which is part of the normal oral biota.
Name six conditions that can put a person at risk for oral candidiasis/thrush.
- DM
- Anemia
- Antibiotic or steroid therapy.
- HIV infection
- Metastatic cancer
- Infants can get it
Describe the gross appearance of a thrush lesion.
White, curd-like circumscribed plaque in the oral cavity.
Oral candidiasis may spread to the _________ and is life-threatening if it continues to spread.
esophagus
Why is candidiasis referred to as PSEUDOmembranous?
The pseudomembrane can be scraped off.
What is found in the pseudomembrane of a thrush plaque?
Fungal organisms in the fibrous pus (fibrinosupperative exudate) which are superficially attached to the underlying granular erythematous inflammatory mucosa.
What is the WHO definition of leukoplakia?
A white patch or plaque that CAN’T BE SCRAPED OFF and can’t be classified as any other disease.
Is leukoplakia cancer?
No, its a preneoplastic lesion.