Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

quiz 2 intro to pysch > gg > Flashcards

gg Flashcards

1
Q

is an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body. Neuroscience is a branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue. Biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning

A

Structure of the neuron:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is an extensive network of specialized cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body.

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

and nervous tissue. Biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning

A

NEUROSCIENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the basic cell that makes up the nervous systern and that receives and sends messages within that system

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

soma is the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. The axon is a tubelike structure of a neuron that carries the neural message from the cell body to the axon terminals, enlarged ends of axonal branches, specialized for communication with other cells.

A

DENDRITES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are branchlike structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons.

A

DENDRITES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead neurons, influence information processing, and influence the generation of new neurons during prenatal development.

A

GLIAL CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a layer of fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse. Nerves are bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through the body.

A

Myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the process of molecules moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse.

A

resting potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon, releases the neural impulse. When a neuron fires, it fires in an all-or-none fashion, meaning that it fires completely or does not fire at all.

A

action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals.

A

synaptic vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, has an effect on the next cell

A

neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

) is microscopic fluid- filled space between the axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites or soma of the next

cell.

A

synaptic gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are three-dimensional proteins on the surface of the dendrites or

certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain

neurotransmitters

A

Receptor Sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is a synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire, whereas an inhibitory synapse is a synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing.

A

excitatory snapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chemical substances that block or reduce a cell’s response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters

A

Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell

A

Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is the process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles.

A

Reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

, the structure of a neurotransmitter is altered so it can no longer act on a receptor.

A

enzyme degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

involves the insertion of a thin, insulated electrode into the brain through which an electrical current is sent, destroying the brain cells at the tip of the wire.

A

lesioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

By studying areas of brain damage we learn the functions that various areas of the brain control.

A

Lesioning studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Invasive techniques: Stimulating from the inside. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive technique; optogenetics may offer a comparable alternative.

A

Brain Stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Noninvasive techniques: Stimulating from the outside. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), repetitive TMS (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are noninvasive procedures.

A

Brain Stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a brain-imaging method using computer-controlled X- rays of the brain

A

COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a recording of the electrical activity of large groups of cortical neurons just below the skull, most often using scalp electrodes.

A

electroencephalogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

) is used to explore information processing differences in language disorders.

A

Magnetoencephalography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a brain-imaging method in which a radioactive

sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the

activity of the brain

A

Positron emission tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

an MRI-based brain-imaging method that allows for functional examination of brain areas through changes in brain oxygenation.

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

is the first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is the larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to

the bottom and that plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal.

A

pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

is an area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond that is responsible for general

attention, alertness, and arousal

A

The reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

is an area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond that is responsible for general

attention, alertness, and arousal

A

The reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

part of the lower brain located behind the pons that controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement and may have some cognitive functions.

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

is a group of several brain structures located primarily under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation.

A

limbic system is

37
Q

is part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area

A

thalamus

38
Q

are two bulblike projections of the brain located just above the sinus cavity and just below the frontal lobes that receive information from the olfactory receptor cells. Smell is the only sense that does not have to first pass through the thalamus

A

Olfactory bulbs

39
Q

is a small structure in the brain located below the

thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior

such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex.

A

hypothalamus

40
Q

curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of long-term declarative memories.

A

Hippocampus

41
Q

a brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear

A

amygdala

42
Q

This structure plays an important role in emotional and cognitive processing.

A

Cingulate cortex:

43
Q

is the outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input.

A

cortex

44
Q

is the outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input.

A

cortex

45
Q

is the upper part of the brain consisting of the two hemispheres and the structures that connect them.

A

cerebrum

46
Q

are the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain.

A

cerebral hemispheres

47
Q

is the thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

48
Q

is a section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere containing the primary visual centers of the brain

A

occipital lobe

49
Q

are sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers for touch, temperature, and body position.

A

parietal lobes

50
Q

an area of cortex at the front of the parietal lobes responsible for processing information from the skin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, and body position.

A

somatosensory cortex is

51
Q

is a condition produced most often by damage to the parietal lobe association areas of the right hemisphere, resulting in an inability to recognize objects or body parts in the left visual field

A

Spatial neglect

52
Q

is a condition produced most often by damage to the parietal lobe association areas of the right hemisphere, resulting in an inability to recognize objects or body parts in the left visual field

A

Spatial neglect

53
Q

are areas of the cortex located along the side of the brain, starting just behind the temples, containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech.

A

temporal lobes

54
Q

are areas of the brain located in the front and top, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making as well as the production of fluent speech.

A

Frontal lobes

55
Q

are areas of the brain located in the front and top, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making as well as the production of fluent speech.

A

Frontal lobes

56
Q

the rear section of the frontal lobe, responsible for sending motor commands to the muscles of the somatic nervous system.

A

motor cortex

57
Q

are neurons that tire when an animal or person performs an action and also when an animal or person oust fire when an animal being performed by another

A

MIRROR NEURONS

58
Q

are areas within cach lobe of the cortex responsible for the coordination and interpretation of information, as well as higher mental processing.

A

Association areas

59
Q

is responsible for producing fluent, understandable speech.

A

Broca’s area

60
Q

a condition resulting from damage to Broca’s area, causing the affected person to be unable to speak fluently, to mispronounce words, and to speak haltingly.

A

Broca’s aphasia

61
Q

is responsible for the understanding of language

A

a. Wernicke’s area

62
Q

is a condition resulting from damage to Wernicke’s area, causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language

A

Wernicke’s aphasia is

63
Q

Research has shown that the left hemisphere specializes in language, speech, handwriting, math calculation, sense of time and rhythm (mathematical in nature), and analytical thinking.

b. The right side of the brain processes information globally and controls emotional expression, spatial perception, and recognition of faces, patterns, melodies, and emotions.

A

Split-brain research

64
Q

the tendency to use one hand for most fine motor skills.

b. Roughly 90 percent of individuals are right-handed; handedness appears to be largely influenced by genetics

A

Handedness

65
Q

is part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord.

A

central nervous system

66
Q

is a long bundle of neurons that carries messages between the body and the brain and is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes.

A

The Spinal Cord

67
Q

carry information from the senses to the central nervous Bystem

A

Afferent (sensory) neurons

68
Q

carry mensages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body

A

. Efferent (motor) neurons

69
Q

are found in the center of the spinal cord and receive information from the afferent neurons and send commands to the muscles through the efferent neurons. Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain

A

Interneurons

70
Q

is the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma

A

Neuroplasticity

71
Q

is the formation of new neurons that occurs primarily during prenatal development but may also occur at lesser levels in some brain areas during adulthood

A

Neurogenesis

72
Q

are special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of becoming other cell types when those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear.

A

Stem Cells

73
Q

the interaction between genes and environmental factors influencing gene activity; environmental factors include diet, life experiences, and physical surroundings

A

Epigenetics

74
Q

all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

75
Q

which consists of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body

A

somatic nervous system

76
Q

which consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

A

autonomic nervous system

77
Q

involves nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS containing afferent neurons

A

sensory pathway

78
Q

involves nerves coming from the CNS to the voluntary muscles, containing efferent neurons

A

motor pathway

79
Q

The sympathetic division: The sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system), also called the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), is part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting

to stressful events and bodily arousal.

A

The autonomic nervous system

80
Q

the body to normal funcupathetic nervous system responsible for the day-to-day functioning of the organs and glands.

A

parasympathetic division (

81
Q

have no ducts and secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine glands

82
Q

located in the brain secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands (also known as the master gland). In women, oxytocin is a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that is involved in reproductive and parental behaviors

A

pituitary gland

83
Q

an endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum and secretes melatonin

A

pineal gland

84
Q

an endocrine gland found in the neck and regulates metabolism by secreting thyroxin.

A

thyroid gland

85
Q

is an endocrine gland that controls the levels of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagons

A

pancreas

86
Q

is an endocrine gland that controls the levels of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagons

A

pancreas

87
Q

sex glands, including ovaries (female gonads or sex glands) and

A

gonads

88
Q

male gonads or sex glands), that secrete hormones that regulate sexual development and behavior as well as reproduction

A

testicles

89
Q

are endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete over 30 different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence.

A

Andrenal Gland

quiz 2 intro to pysch (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions