Get to 100% to have fantastic knowledge for your mock exam! Flashcards
What did Rhazes achieve?
The first accurate descriptions of measles and smallpox.
What has CAR got to do with understanding about the vaccines that Louis Pasteur developed?
C = chicken cholera A = anthrax in sheep R = rabies in humans
What was the Hippocratic collection?
A collection of books covering many aspects of medicine written by Hippocrates. They were used for centuries.
How did the Nazis ensure they did so well in this election?
Opponents were killed, Sa and police pressure at polling booths, the Nazis’ anti-Communist message reinforced on radio.
How many Austrians voted in favour of Anschluss in the April 1938 plebiscite?
99%
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
How old was Elizabeth when she became Queen?
25
How did Elizabethans try to show off their wealth? (5 ways)
Through the houses they had built, the food they ate, what they drain, the white made up faces of women (to show that they did not have to work outside ad get a tanned face) and the size of the ruff that they wore around their necks.
How many followers did Essex have with him on his march to London?
200.
Where was Upper Silesia?
In South Poland, close to the German/Polish border.
What was Laissez-Faire?
A widely held belief at the start of the industrial period that it was not the job of government to try to improve public health.
What was John of Aderne famous for?
Being a fantastic English surgeon, the manual of surgery he wrote called ‘Practica,’ using opium and henbane to dull pain in surgery and forming the Guild of Surgeons in London in 1368.
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
When was the ‘Regnans in Excelsis’ issued and by who?
1570 by Pope Pious V.
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
Who was Roosevelt (FDR)?
President of America for most of the 1930s.
What was the book published by Vesalius called?
The Fabric of the Human Body.
Who were the Big 3?
Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, WIlson of the USA.
Why was Galen so popular with the Christian church?
He taught his students that the human body fitted together in a well designed whole. This suggested that a greater being (God) had designed the human body. That’s why Christians liked him.
What was appeasement?
A British policy of giving Hitler a little of what he wanted in order to prevent a war.
-When did John Snow discover the link between cholera and dirty water?
1854.
What were Puritans?
Extreme Protestants who were unable to compromise and accept alternative religions and churches.
Who was Lord Lytton?
The British politician in charge of the Commission of Inquiry put together by the League to investigate events in Manchuria?
Who was The Duke of Medina-Sidonia?
He was appointed by Philip II as commander of the Spanish Armada.
Why was Mary, Queen of Scots still a threat to Elizabeth even after her execution in February 1586? (2 reasons)
- She had become a martyr (someone who dies for their beliefs) to the Catholic cause in England. 2. Elizabeth in agreeing to the execution had demonstrated that it was okay to kill a queen, this might encourage some of her enemies.
What was unusual about the Anschluss plebiscite held in April 1938?
It was conducted AFTER the invasion of Austria by Nazi troops had already happened. Those voting were encouraged to vote ‘yes’ by Nazi stormtroopers and a bigger ‘yes’ circle on the voting slip.
Who were the Spartacists and what did they try to achieve?
A group of Communists led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht who attempted to turn a worker’s protest in January 1919 into a revolution. They captured the government controlled newspaper and telegraph HQs but were eventually beaten and killed by the amry and Friekorp units.
What idea of Galen’s did Harvey prove wrong?
That blood was made in the liver to replace that which was burnt up by the body.
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
Which of Elizabeth’s ‘seadogs’ circumnavigated the globe?
Francis Drake
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
What was the Dawes plan?
The Dawes plan was proposed by American banker Charles Dawed in 1924. It gave economic relief to Germany by giving them a huge loan from America.
How did the factor chance help Pare?
It was by chance that he ran out of boiling oil.
Why was industrialisation a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Germany’s Navy and steel production was half that of Britain’s. Wilhelm wanted Germany to be just as great as Britain.
What was a consequence of the Kaiser’s work to industrialise Germany?
Increased the gap between rich and poor and made the workers unhappy about their poor wages.
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
How many book did Galen write?
Around 64.
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Sevres?
Turkey
What was the Christian attitude to dissection in the Middle Ages?
It was not allowed at first. Later, it was allowed in medical schools but under strictly controlled conditions.
Who was and what had happened to Elizabeth’s Mother?
Anne Boleyn, she had been executed for treason in 1536.
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met four times a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
b
How did Henry VIII contribute to the increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
When he brought the Reformation to England in 1536, this had closed down monasteries who had been taking in and helping the poor. They still had nowhere to go years later when Elizabeth was in charge.
What were the deserving poor?
Poor people that wanted to help themselves but were not able to.
What does the word Volksdeutsche mean?
People of the German race
What is unusual about the League of Nations and America?
America proposed the creation of the League but did not join. This is because President Wilson was blocked by the Senate of his government.
Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was Westmoreland connected to?
The Northern Rebellion
Which time periods are sometimes summarised as the’ ‘Ancient World?’
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Romans
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
What job did Parliament do in the time of Queen Elizabeth?
It had influence over taxes and was responsible for passing laws.
What does ‘Nazi’ stand for?
National Socialist German Worker’s party.
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write ‘LON’ or ‘the League?’
‘the League’
What were concentration camps used for?
For the imprisonment of anybody who opposed the Nazis eg Jews, Communists, Socialists, trade unionists, church leaders.
What was the outcome of the Corfu incident of 1923?
Mussolini was condemned but not punished by the League. Greece was made to pay compensation to the League for the loss of Tellini and his men. Mussolini demanded that this compensation go directly to him and the League agreed. Italian troops then left Corfu.
Why was taxation such a problem for Queen Elizabeth?
The government needed money, taxing people was the way to get it, but there was a real problem of poverty (caused by a sharp increase in population) . Raising taxes would be a very unpopular and potentially dangerous choice for Elizabeth.
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anschluss
In what year and period did James Simpson discover the anaesthetic properties of chloroform?
1847 - industrial
Which country was given control of the Aland islands by the League?
Finland
Why was bleeding introduced as a treatment for any illnesses as a result of the 4 Humours theory?
Based on the four humours, doctors thought that they needed to reduce the blood in a patient’s body to make the better.
What was the order for humans in the Great Chain of Being?
monarch - nobility - gentry - peasants
Who was planned to marry Mary, Queen of Scots in the Ridolfi plot?
Norfolk
What were almshouses?
Buildings that provided accommodation and food for deserving poor people.
What started the Depression in 1929?
The Wall street Crash in America.
In what month and year did the Spanish Armada try to invade England?
August 1588
What are two men with surnames Crick and Watson famous for?
Discovering DNA
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
Why didn’t the League do more to help in the Vilna incident?
France wanted to be friendly with Poland as they might be a future ally against Germany. Britain did not want to act alone. Both of these countries therefore blocked any strong response from the League.
Why did Mussolini want to invade Abyssinia?
Wanted a new empire, Abyssinia was an easy target, gain natura resources and good land for grazing, Abyssinia had previously defeated Italy in a war (1896), Mussolini was confident that the League of Nations and Britain/France wouldn’t stop him,
What year was the Treaty of Versailles and what were its key points?
- Germany had to accept full blame for WW1, could not re-arm and had to accept war reparations equivalent to £6,600 million.
In what month and year was the Wall Street Crash?
October 1929
Which country wanted to invade Manchuria?
Japan
In the Throckmorton Plot, what was planned to happen once Elizabeth had been killed?
An uprising of English Catholics, a French invasion led by Henry, Duke of Guise and Mary, Queen of Scots being crowned Queen.
Name the 4 humours.
Phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was comprised of 42 nations? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
In the Babington Plot, who framed Mary, Queen of Scots in plotting to replace Elizabeth?
Francis Walsingham
How did the Kasier try to solve the problem of Democracy?
The Kaiser used nationalism to get the support of the upper and middle classes.
How did astrology impact medicine in the Middle Ages?
People started to think that the movement of the stars and the planets could explain illness or give the best time to conduct an operation.
What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Creation of the League of Nations, not to be too hard on Germany, self-determination, freedom of the seas, the fourteen points.
Why was succession a problem in the time of Queen Elizabeth?
Elizabeth wasthe last of the Tudors. In the past, there had been civil wars when it wasn’t clear who the heir to the throne was. Elizabeth nearly died of smallpox in 1562. Parliament and the Privy Council were very keen for her to marry and have children.
What are the years of the Industrial period?
1750-1900
What was discussed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-11?
disarmament
What were the helpless poor?
Sick and old people. They were provided with food and special homes where they could be cared for.
What role did Von Papen, Von schleicher and President Hindenburg play in Hitler’s becoming Chancellor?
Political deals! Von papen was unsuccessful as Chancellor so was sacked by Hindenburg who replaced him with Von Schleicher. Schleicher also had little success with the Nazi dominated Reichstag. Meanwhile, von Papen wanted his revenge on von Schleicher so made a deal with Hitler who become a ‘puppet’ chancellor to be controlled by Hindenburg and him as vice-chancellor.
In what year were these challenges for the League: invasion of Vilna, Aaland islands, Upper Silesia.
1921
When did Italy leave the League of Nations?
May 1936
How easy was it to move between the different human classes (monarch - nobility - gentry - peasants) in the Great Chain of Being?
It was almost impossible.
What did Harvey develop to help him prove how blood circulated around the body?
Think rods that could be pushed into veins to prove the direction of blood flow.
What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?
There wasn’t one
What does the word Lebensraum mean?
Living space for Germany.
Regardless of anything she did or said, why was Mary, Queen of Scots such a threat to Elizabeth?
She was Catholic, heir to the throne of England and already a Queen.
In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?
1858
Had Hitler always wanted war with Britain?
No, he suggested a 25 year non-aggression pact in 1936, but Britain refused.
In what year did Elizabeth become Queen of England?
1558
When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?
It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.
What was the military impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
Encouraged war.
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
Why did Hitler feel that he had to choose between the German army and the SA?
Because the army didn’t like Rohm and the SA whilst Rohm wanted command of the army. Hitler knew he needed the armies support to stay in charge.
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
When was Mary, Queen of Scots executed?
February 1586.
How did Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins help to cause the Spanish Armada?
They had spent years attacking Spanish ships and ports and stealing their treasures (all of this was acting on Elizabeth’s orders). The most famous example of this was when Drake destroyed many Spanish ships at Cadiz in 1587 (“Singeing the King of Spain’s beard”.).
What was agreed in the Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928?
War would not be used as a way to settle disputes.
Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.
The medicine man or shaman.
How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact push Britain closer to war?
Britain promised Poland that if Hitler invaded, they would declare war on Germany.
How much of its territories did Germany lose as part of the treaty of Versailles?
10%, including Alsace Lorraine which was returned to France.
How was Francs Walsingham connected to Elizabeth?
Was Secretary of State (leader of the Privy Council). Was Elizabeth’s ‘spymaster.’ Helped develop England’s navy and was involved in the trial and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.
How was the Weimar constitution organised?
President – Chancellor – Reichstag (German parliament) – people.
How did the League deal with the Bulgaria situation of 1925?
Greece was condemned by the League, ordered to pay compensation to Bulgaria and withdraw their troops.
What were the four types of poor people in Elizabethan times?
The deserving poor, the helpless poor, the able-bodied poor and the idle poor.
In what year was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
1939
How did bad harvests contribute to the increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
Really bad harvests in 1594 and 1598 had led to food shortages, food prices going up and being unaffordable for some and in extreme cases starvation.
Which of Elizabeth’s ‘seadogs’ was banished from court for five years in 1592 as punishment for marrying a Lady in waiting?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
Who explored the coasts of Africa, helped to start the slave trade and helped to build the Royal Navy?
Sir John Hawkins.
True/false: people understood disease better than they had done in 1348 when the Great Plague returned in 1665?
False
What else about the Nazis impressed voters?
They were well organised and well funded.
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
Why were so many Puritans disappointed with Queen Elizabeth?
They thought that she was going to being about an end to all Catholic ways in England and were disappointed when the Elizabethan religious settlement did not.
What ‘five giants’ did William Beveridge want to beat in his report of 1942?
disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness, squalor (poor living conditions).
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
What do we mean when we talk about the Royal Court?
The nobles, advisors and others who surrounded the monarch. This was NOTHING to do with a court of law.
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
How was Elizabeth connected to Mary I?
They were sisters.
What did Pope Pious V issue in 1570
A papal bull called ‘Regnans in Excelsis’ which called on all good Catholics to remove Elizabeth from power.
Which war is Harold Gillies linked to?
WW1
What was article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles all about?
Reparations - £6,600 million!
What were prophesyings?
Meetings of the clergy (religious leaders) for prayer and discussion which would usually include criticism of Elizabeth’s church.
Which two countries were the Aland Islands positioned between?
Sweden and Finland.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s first Naval law?
1898 - added an additional 7 battleships to the total built each year (to a total of 19).
What did Vesalius prove about the human heart that showed Galen was wrong?
That blood did not pass through the septum, it moved in a different way.
Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was Northumberland connected to?
The Northern Rebellion
Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was the Earl of Sussex connected to?
The Northern Rebellion. He raised an army and helped to beat the rebels.
Why did Japan want Manchuria in 1931?
The Great Depression had ruined Japan’s silk industry (America was a big customer), Manchuria had vast natural resources and good farmland, Japan already had factories, the South Manchurian railway and the Kwantung army in Manchuria.
In what year was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
Who were George Grosz, Otto Dix and Fritz Lang?
Artists and film directors whose work typified the divided nature of Weimar society in the late 1920s: half decadent and indulgent, half poor and resentful.
Who did the Japanese claim had attacked their train in the Mukden incident?
Chinese soldiers.
What is Doctor Christiaan Barnard famous for?
Conducting the first human heart transplant in 1967.
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
What happened to Hindenburg in August 1934 and how did Hitler react?
He died. Hitler then merged the position of President with Chancellor and became all powerful leader of Germany.
How big was the League of Nations’ army?
0, it didn’t have one.
Who was Neville Chamberlain?
Prime Minister of Britain 1937-40.
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of …………………………. ?
Sevres
Which 3 monarchs ruled England before Elizabeth?
Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I.
What form of transport was at the centre of the Mukden incident?
A train of the Japanese owned South Manchurian railway.
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
How many hospitals did the Christian church build in England between 1000 and 1500?
700
What and when was the Kapp putsch?
1920, Friekorps leader Wolfgang Kapp unsuccessfully tried to seize control from the Weimar government in Berlin. Workers in Berlin refused to accept this and went on strike, causing Kapp to flee.
What are the different time periods in the History of medicine (in order please)?
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Dark Ages, Renaissance, Industrial period, 20th/21st centuries.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power to offer advice and issue blame but could not actually punish? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
c
What was agreed in the Locarno Treaties of 1925?
Germany officially accepted the borders of the Treaty of Versailles, all countries to work together peacefully, all countries to support another country if they were invaded.
What and when was the ‘Red Rising’ in the Ruhr?
1920: A group of workers, led by Communists who were angry about pay and working conditions. They occupied the Ruhr region of Germany and took over its raw materials but were beaten by the German army and Friekorps/.
What were the Gestapo?
The state secret police. Could arrest, imprison and torture people without trial.
Why did fear of Communism make many moderate Germans vote for the Nazis?
People who wouldn’t normally vote for the Nazis decided they’d rather have them in charge than the Communists who would take their money and possessions.
Who led the case against Mary, Queen of Scots at her trial?
Francis Walsingham and William Cecil
In what year was the Corfu crisis?
1923
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
Which of Elizabeth’s ‘seadogs’ founded a colony in North America?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What did Holland (the Netherlands) have to do with the Spanish Armada?
Holland was a country that was part of the Spanish Empire and in 1566 Protestant rebels had started an uprising. In 1585, Elizabeth sent English troops (Robert Dudley leading 7000) to support the rebels; this was a clear act of war against Spain.
Why was the Sudetenland an attractive target for Hitler?
It belonged to Czechoslovakia which was a new country resulting from the Treaty of Versailles which Hitler opposed.I t had vast resources that Hitler could use such as railways, forts, factories. There were 3 million Volksdeutche there. It surrounded Czechoslovakia on three sides.
What are Jesuits?
A group within Catholicism whose aim is to spread the religion
On what condition were the Aland islands granted to Finland in 1921?
Finland was not allowed to build military bases on the islands.
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
How did Drake and Hawkins make a lot of money in AFrica?
By capturing and selling slaves.
Why did the Greek’s believe in the 4 Humours theory?
It was based on their observations of the world, believing that there were four elements that made up everything, four seasons of the weather, and four humours inside the body.
Which of these is not a humour: blood, sweat, yellow bile?
Sweat
What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?
To keep Germany strong for trade with Britain, gain German colonies for Britain, keep the Royal navy powerful, ensure Germany was a buffer against Russia communism.
What approach did Hitler change to in 1924?
A political approach which aimed to take control of Germany through the democratic process and then change it into what the Nazis wanted.
How did the work of the police and courts change?
The police continued their duties but also needed to report on anti-Nazi activity. Crimes committed by Nazis were ignored. In the courts, all judges were Nazis so a fair trial became impossible.
Which country did Germany and the USSR agree to divide between the in the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
Poland
What were the details of the 1601 Poor Law?
In each area of England, the wealthy should be taxed to pay for the care and support of the old and sick. The fit and healthy poor should be provided work. The idle poor should be whipped and sent to the House of Correction where they would be forced to work.
In 1558, due to marriage, Mary, Queen of Scots was actually queen of two countries, which were they?
Scotland and France.
Which of these was never a part of Elizabeth’s Privy Council: Dudley, Walsingham or Cecil?
They were all on it.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below needed a unanimous decision for it to happen? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
What month in 1933 were all political parties banned?
July.
What was the covenant of the League of Nations?
An agreement between all the countries in the League that they would deal with aggression by getting countries to talk through problems, be ready to tell the guilty country when they were in the wrong and use economic sanctions as punishments.
How did the Great Chain of Being contribute to an increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
No social mobility for people at the bottom. If a poor person fell out their lord/land-owner they might lose their job and become paupers, needing charity to survive.
After the Abyssinia Crisis, Mussolini later said that if ………………. and ……………. had been banned he would have abandoned his invasion.
coal and oil.
In what year did Christiaan Barnard perform the first heart transplant?
1967
Who was Stressemann, when was he around?
Chancellor of Germany in 1923.
What did Russia and Germany agree when they signed the Rapallo Treaty in 1922?
Germany would return to Russia money and land that had been lost at the end of WW1. Also, both countries would try to cooperate more in the future.
What is significant about the city of Geneva in Switzerland?
It is where the League of Nations HQ was.
How did the Nazis use cinema?
As well as making pro-Nazi or anti-Semitic films (such as ‘the Eternal Jew’) the pre-film newsreels were all made by Goebbels’ Minsitry of Propaganda.
What did Britain, France and Italy agree in the Stresa Front?
Guarantee the terms of the Locarno Treaty, protect Austrian independence, work together to ensure Hitler stopped breaking the rules of the Treaty of Versailles,
What did Austrian Nazis do in 1934?
They caused havoc across Austria and murdered the Chancellor, Engleburt Dollfuss.
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Dictator of the Communist USSR.
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
What was a consequence of Elizabeth not wanting to marry Phillip II of Spain?
The Spanish Armada.
What entered the Rhineland on 7th March 1936?
German troops under orders to retreat if they met any resistance.
Which of Elizabeth’s closest advisors was made ‘Lord Steward of the Royal Household’ in 1587?
Robert Dudley
What was Edmund Campion disguised as at the start of his religious mission?
A jewel merchant.
How did the League use trade sanctions to try to solve the Abyssinia Crisis?
Italy and Abyssinia were both banned from buying weapons. Italy however was able to continue buying oil, steel, coal and iron.
What did Hitler show off at the ‘Freedom to Rearm rally’ in 1935?
The weapons and troops he had been secretly building up.
Which countries made an agreement in the Stresa Front?
Britain, France and Italy.
What were the book burnings?
All books not approved of by the Nazis were publicly burned. Eg. Books by Communists, socialists or Jews.
What was the intended aim of the Babington plot?
To murder Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne.
What kind of voting took place in Upper Silesia in 1921?
A plebiscite to decide whether the area would be owned by Germany or Poland.
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
What was proportional representation?
Political parties were allocated seats in line with the number of votes received.
In what year and period did Fleming discover penicllin?
1928 - twentieth century
In what year did the League of Nations first meet?
1920
In what year did Italy invade Abyssinia?
1935?
What social reforms that helped improve public health did the Liberal government in Britain introduce in 1906?
Free school meals for poor children, free medical check and free treatment.
How did Harvey use vivisection on animals to prove his theories?
He dissected live, cold blooded animals whose hearts beat very slowly. This meant that he could see the movements of each muscle in the heart.
What do the Northern rebellion, the Ridolfi plot, the Throckorton Plot and the Babington Plot all have in common?
They were all Catholic plots against Queen Elizabeth.
What two countries had a dispute about Vilna in 1920?
Poland and Lithuania.
What did Hitler make the army do in August 1934?
Swear an oath of personal loyalty to him.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below were groups of experts with a specific mission? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
e
Why was the Abyssinia incident especially difficult the League to deal with?
Both Italy and Abyssinia were members.
How did flu contribute to the increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
A flu epidemic in 1556 killed 200,000. Many of those killed were involved in the production of food, thereby making food shortages worse.
What job did Lord Lieutenants do?
They were appointed by the Queen to run a specific area of the country. They were responsible for raising a militia (armed soldiers) from that area if the Queen needed it.
How did the Kaiser solve the problem of industrialisation?
He gained the support of rich businessmen to improve Germany’s industrial strength. The growth in population (40 million in 1871 to 68 million in 1914) also helped.
Which company was set up in 1600 to oversee trade with India?
The East India Company.
In what year and period did the Black Death arrive in England?
1348 - Dark Ages
What were the three main problems facing the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Industrialisation, socialism, democracy.
Why did Stalin of Russia make a deal with Hitler despite them being so different and Hitler hating Communists?
Stalin doubted the strength of the League, nobody stood up to Hitler over the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, he had been left out of the Munich agreement in 1938.
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
What were the able-bodied poor?
Those who were considered fit (including children) to work. They were given food, drink and sometimes shelter in exchange for work.
In what year did Elizabeth and her government introduce the first ever Poor LAw?
1601.
How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?
They were often conducted on animals not people.
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
What connects the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference?
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the outcomes from the Paris Peace Conference.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
Why was Mary, Queen of Scots such a problem for Queen Elizabeth?
Unless Elizabeth had a child, her cousin Mary (Queen of Scotland) was heir to the throne of England. In 1568, Mary was exiled from Scotland to England. She was a Catholic. Catholics in England would have viewed her as an alternative queen to fight for.
What did the Nazis do regarding radio?
Produced cheap radios called ‘people’s receivers’ for everyone to buy then regularly broadcasted Hitler’s speeches and other pro-Nazi, pro-German content. Overseas radio stations were not allowed to be listened to.
How was William Cecil connected to Elizabeth?
Was Secretary of State (leader of the Privy Council) twice and Elizabeth’s most trusted advisor. He encouraged her to take control of Catholic Ireland and a helped develop the Poor Laws and other new religious policies.
Who were Hoare and Laval?
British and French ministers who were sent to make a secret deal with Italy which would hand over half of Abyssinia to Mussolini. The meeting was leaked to the press, the were both sacked and the deal never happened.
What happened two weeks after Essex’s rebellion?
He was put on trial for treason, found guilty and executed on 25th February 1601.
1Who was Heinrich Himmler?
Himmler was in charge of all the Nazis’ work to do with ‘terror’ as a means of controlling people.
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
Which Catholic plots against Elizabeth was Mary Queen of Scots connected to?
The Northern rebellion, the Ridolfi plot, the Throckmorton Plot and the Babington Plot.
In the Ridolfi plot, where would the planned invasion be launched from?
The Netherlands
What was agreed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-22?
Britain and the USA could have the same sized navies and for every 5 tonnes each of their ships weighed, Japan could have 3 tonnes.
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
What were the positives of Robert Dudley as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He was English, influential, rich and a member of the Privy Council.
Which theme is John Hunter connected to?
Surgery and Anatomy.
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
In which country is Manchuria based?
China
What did Essex do at the start of his 1601 rebellion?
Took four of the Queen’s privy councillors hostage.
What job did the Privy Council do?
They were responsible for the day to day running of the country and its members were Elizabeth’s main advisors. The council was led by the Secretary of State.
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
What were the idle poor?
Lazy people who were whipped and then sent to a House of Correction where they would bee forced to work.
Give details of the three problems that affected Germany in 1923.
The French occupation of the Ruhr, hyperinflation and the Munich Putsch.
Who set up the SDP (Social Democratic Party)?
German workers who were still unhappy with inequality in the Kaiser’s Germany.
In 1933 the number of crimes carrying the death penalty was 3, what was it by 1943?
46
What are the International Labour organisation, the Disarmament commission and the Slavery Commission all examples of?
League of Nations special commissions.
How did the Roman army help to improve surgery?
Lots of wounded soldiers meant lots of practise for surgeons.
What did William Shakespeare and George Gascoigne have in common?
They were both famous playwrights whose work Elizabeth was very interested in.
Where was the Rhineland and what happened to it as part of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
A strip of land which was part of Germany on the French/German border. It was demilitarised.
Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was Henry, Duke of Guise connected to?
The Throckmorton Plot
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anchluss
What is an example of an argument in favour of Elizabeth’s getting married?
Marriage could create an alliance with a foreign country or win the support of a powerful family.
What were the positives of Francis, Duke of Alencon and Anjou as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He was from a very wealthy family and would bring an alliance between England and France.
When did Germany invade Poland?
1st September 1939.
Which countries were not invited to the Munich Agreement that should have been there?
Czechoslovakia and Russia.
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
What was the outcome for Hitler at the League of Nations Disarmament conference in 1933?
Germany left the League.
What were the positives of Robert Devereux as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He was English and Protestant.
How many seats did the Nazis win in the 1933 election?
288
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
What threatened Hitler’s power and position as chancellor in 1933?
The Reichstag, Hindenburg and the SA.
Who was Engleburt Dollfuss?
Chancellor of Austria in the early 1930s.
How well did Essex get on with Queen Elizabeth through the early 1590s?
He was one of her favourites, a potential suitor, she gave him the monopoly of sweet wine which made him very rich and he had military successes against the Spanish in 1596.
What are the years of the Renaissance?
1400-1750
Why was religion such a problem for Queen Elizabeth?
Elizabeth was Protestant but she wanted to avoid the religious troubles her father and siblings had created plus she did not want to anger her enemies. She allowed Catholics to worship privately. Nevertheless, many Catholics still didn’t recognise her authority as she was born of a Protestant queen.
What were the negatives of Phillip II as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He was Catholic, had been married to Elizabeth’s sister Mary and was very unpopular in England.
What was the outcome of the Upper Silesia plebiscite?
60% of votes won by Germany. However, Poland did not accept this result so the area was divided up with rural areas going to Germany and industrial areas going to Poland.
Who was George Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France in 1919
Why was foreign policy (relations with other countries) such a problem for Queen Elizabeth?
France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries who had the support of the Pope and saw Protestant England as a target.
What was it about Hitler’s style and skills that made him so popular with voters?
A powerful and inspiring public speaker, could identify with his audiences, people believed in him.
What messages did Nazi propaganda give voters in 1932?
That Hitler was their last hope and that only the Nazis could save Germany from economic turmoil.
Why might someone trying to avoid the Black Death sit in a sewer?
Because the smell there would be worse than the bad smells that they thought would bring the Black Death.
What were the negatives of Robert Dudley as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He had already been married, was suspected in the murder of his wife and was from a family of traitors to the crown.
Which of Elizabeth’s closest advisors helped to create the Poor Laws?
William Cecil
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the USA in 1919.
In what country would you have found the Sudetenland?
Czechoslovakia
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
Why did many of Essex’s followers suddenly abandon him on his march to London?
They had found out that Robert Cecil had labelled Essex a traitor.
Which war is McIndoe linked to?
WW2
At her trial in October 1586, what was Mary, Queen of Scots’ main argument in her defence?
That as a foreign queen and not an Englishwoman she could not be guilty of treason.
1When did Hitler join the Nazis?
1919
How did the Kasier try to solve the problem of socialism?
Social reforms were introduced eg 1889 old age pensions plus sickness and accident insurance schemes.
What invention of 1451 was as important to communications as the internet in modern times?
The printing press.
In what year did Edmund Campion’s mission come to England?
1580
What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?
Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.
How did population contribute to the increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
In Elizabeth’s reign the population of England rose from 2.8 to 4 million. There weren’t enough places for them to live so land owners unfairly increased rents (rack renting) which increased the amount of homeless people.
Which countries signed the Anti-Comintern pact and what did they agree?
Germany and Japan. They agreed to work together against Communism.
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
What happened at Nazi rallies?
Hundreds of thousands of Nazis would march around and show their support for Hitler. They were intimidating displays of order and control.
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
Who was Josef Goebbels?
Goebbels was in charge of all the Nazi’s work to do with propaganda as a means of controlling people.
What happened to General Tellini and his men when they went to survey the Greek/Albanian border?
They were murdered.
How successful was Essex in his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland?
He did not defeat the Irish rebels, instead he made a truce with them. This was completely against the Queen’s orders.
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
How do the letters PTMM help you remember the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
P=pride, T=territory, M=money, M=military strength.
What was Dollfuss’ view of Anschluss?
He was opposed to it.
In what year was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
In what year was the Babington plot?
1586
What was the Austrian Nazi party planning in January 1938?
To overthrow Schuschnigg.
In what year did the Earl of Essex (Robert Devereux) lead a rebellion against Queen Elizabeth?
1601
What sort of promises did the Nazis make to people before elections?
Solve Germany’s economic problems, provide strong leadership, ignore the Treaty of Versailles, build up the army, make Germany great again.
What exactly was agreed in the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement?
Britain agreed that Germany could build its navy to 35% of the size of Britain’s.
What happened in 1923 to change Hitler and the Nazis approach?
The Nazis were unsuccessful with the violent approach they had used in the Munich putsch and Hitler ended up in prison.
What did Germany and Italy agree in the Rome-Berlin Axis?
They agreed that they would work more closely together in the future.
What was cauterising?
Sealing a wound and stopping it from bleeding by busing red hot iron.
What are two men with surnames Chain and Florey famous for?
Developing the work of Fleming on penicillin and antibiotics
In what year did Japan launch a full scale invasion of China?
1937
Why was Ireland such a problem for Queen Elizabeth?
Elizabeth considered herself to be Queen of Ireland. Many Irish people did not agree. In 1559, there was a major revolt in northern Ireland against her rule. More would follow.
What did informers do?
Kept an eye on the people living in their ‘block,’ collected weekly ‘donations’ to the Nazis and reported on anti-Nazi activity.
Why is John Hunter famous in the History of medicine?
He was a famous army surgeon and later surgeon to King George III, he published helpful books such as ‘On venereal disease’ which he researched by operating on himself, he proved that gonorrhea ad syphilis were different diseases, he had a collection of 3000 preserved specimens including an Irish giant.
How many months after the Mukden incident was the Lytton report published?
13 months
What medical options were available to unwell people during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
Barber-surgeons, Apothecaries, Wise-women, Quacks.
What did Greece do to Bulgaria in 1925?
They invaded it after Greek soldiers had been killed on the Greek/Bulgarian border.
Who were Schuschnigg and Seyss-Inquart?
The final two chancellors of Austria before Anschluss was acheived.
How did English tactics help defeat the Spanish Armada?
Fireships broke the Spanish formation and left individual ships vulnerable. English ships were faster. English cannon bombardment confused the Spanish.
What did Galen add to the Four Humours theory?
The idea of using ‘opposites’ to balance the humours.
What tried to invade England in August 1588?
The Spanish Armada
Why was Socialism a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The gap between the rich and poor had widened due to industrialisation. Poorly paid workers had joined trade unions to try to force the Kaiser to improve their conditions.
Why was Democracy a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The Kaiser’s right wing friends were declining in influence. Left wing parties (concerned with workers rights) were growing.
How can the word LAMB help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
L=land, A=army, M=money, B=blame
True or false: in the Middle Ages people started to believe in astrological reasons for illness?
True.
In what year were the Locarno Treaties?
1925
Who were the SA?
The Sturm-Abteilung or stormtroopers. Hitler’s brown-shirted private army, commanded by Ernst Rohm.
What happened in a Privy Council meeting in 1598 at which Essex was present?
He had an argument with the Queen, turned her back on him, she hit him, he almost drew his sword to retaliate. He was put under house arrest but there was no further punishment.
What did George Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Revenge for French losses and damage in WW1, to cripple Germany militarily, money to rebuild, make France less vulnerable to future attack.
What job was Essex given in January 1599?
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
When was and what happened on the Night of the Long Knives?
29th -30th June 1934. Ernst Rohm, SA leaders and other opponents were killed by the SS on Hitler’s orders.
What was the SS?
Himmler was in charge of all the Nazis’ work to do with ‘terror’ as a means of controlling people.
What form of entertainment boomed during the time of Queen Elizabeth?
theatre
What does the word Bolshevism mean?
Another name for Communism in Russia.
What was Article 48?
Said that in an emergency the President could make laws without the Reichstag.
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
Why did some Puritans have such a problem with the surplice?
It was a white gown that bishops in the Church of England wore; Puritans preferred to dress in black.
Who was blamed for the fire and how did this help the Nazis?
A Dutch Communist named Van der Lubbe. This helped the Nazis because it made the Communists less powerful and gave Hitler Emergency powers which ment people could be arrested and detained without charge.
In a Christian church hospital of the Middle Ages, who would treat your illness?
Nobody. Christians believed God would cure you, they only made you comfortable and prayed for you.
What was Elizabeth referring to when she told parliament: “At present it is not convenient; nor shall be without some peril unto you and certain danger unto me.”?
Her not getting married.
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Britain in 1919.
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
What happened to Edmund Campion on 20th November 1581?
He was hanged, drawn and quartered.
In what year was the Washington naval agreement?
1922
Who were the Nazis main rival political party during the Depression?
The Communists.
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
What and when was the Munich putsch?
1923, Hitler and the Nazis first attempt to take power in Germany by capturing the government with their SA troops in Munich. Beaten by the police and the army following which Hitler was sent to prison.
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
What are the years of the Dark Ages?
500-1400 AD
What was the political impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
They won him lots of support as played upon people’s sense of patriotism.
What was wound man?
A diagram used to instruct surgeons in the Middle Ages how to treat various battlefield injuries.
How did Spanish mistakes help defeat the Spanish Armada?
Spanish ships were slow and less manoeuvrable. There was delay in loading troops from the Netherlands. The cannons and cannonballs on board many of the ships were the wrong type for sea-battles, they were intended for land battles once the troops arrived in England.
What did Lord Lytton conclude?
Japan was in the wrong and should not have invaded Manchuria.
Baaaaaa! How did sheep contribute to the increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
Enclosure was a new system of farming. Farmers preferred to keep sheep on their farms rather than growing crops. This meant less workers needed which increased the level of unemployment.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was elected by the Assembly and Council? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
C
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
Which class was wealthiest, the nobility or the gentry?
The nobility
How did the weather help defeat the Spanish Armada?
Storms battered the ships off the Scottish and Irish coasts, many were wrecked.
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
What did Harold Gillies do during and after WW1?
Set up a special unit to perform skin grafts on wounded soldiers.
How many countries met to sign the Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928?
65
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
Which two countries signed the Rapallo Treaty of 1922?
Germany and Russia.
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
What was the Enabling Law and when was it passed?
March 1933. It gave Hitler the power to pass laws without the Reichstag, basically ruling Germany on his own.
What was the Great Chain of Being?
What most people believed in Elizabethan times about the way that society was structured.
Who helped establish English colonies in North America?
Sir Walter Raleigh
How did debased coins contribute to the increase of poverty in the Elizabethan era?
The coins since Henry VIII had less valuable metal in them so were worth less when trading overseas. This weakened England’s economy and increased unemployment.
What was developed during WW1 that improved surgery?
X-ray machines
What did Poland do in the Vilna incident?
Sent the Polish army to take control of the city, even though it was in Lithuania. Refused to remove the troops even after the League asked them to.
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
-What were Koch’s three contributions towards discovering the causes of disease?
Solid medium, staining, method.
When did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?
January 1933.
What are four examples of vagabonds and idle poor?
The Counterfeit Crank, the Baretop Trickster, the Capper Dudgeon and the Tom O’Bedlam.
Who were the Friekorps?
Groups of ex-soldiers who continued serving despite not being paid in attempt to help Germany through its troubled times.
Why did some people in England during the Renaissance believe that being touched by the King would heal them?
Because he was supposed to represent God.
When was the Reichstag fire?
February 1933
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
What did Edward Jenner discover?
Smallpox vaccination using cowpox
In what year was the Dollfus affair?
1934
In what year did Hitler achieve Anschluss with Austria?
1938
How big was the League of Nations’ army?
0, it didn’t have one.
What did the Kwantung army do after the Mukden incident?
They took over Manchuria.
What is ‘Mein Kampf?’
Hitler’s auto-biography written during his imprisonment. It stands for ‘My Struggle’ and details many of Hitler’s plans for Germany and his ideas on race etc.
How was Robert Dudley connected to Elizabeth?
Favourite, friend and suitor. In 1562 he joined the Privy Council. From 1563 he was one of the greatest landowners in North Wales and the English West Midlands.
Why were some people opposed to the theatre? (3 reasons)
Seen as sinful, bad for the spreading of disease as large amounts of people were gathered together, a distraction from the bible.
Who in Elizabeth’s government was a Puritan?
Robert Dudley and Francis Walsingham.
Which plot against Elizabeth involved an illegal Catholic mass being held in Durham Cathedral?
The Northern Rebellion
What did Galen demonstrate that improved knowledge of anatomy?
That the brain controls the body not the heart.
How did the Wall Street Crash impact other countries in the world?
The American economy entered a state of depression, this impacted all the countries that America traded with and/or had lent money to, such as Germany.
What did Hitler demand at the League of Nations Disarmament conference in 1933?
That other countries (not just Germany) disarm. Then that Germany be allowed to have the same sized army as France.
How many Reichstag seats did the Nazis win in the July and November elections of 1932?
July: 230, November:196
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations for WW1?
£6,600 million
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met only once a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
How was Elizabeth connected to Henry VIII?
He was her Dad.
In what year and period did William Harvey prove the circulation of the blood?
1628- Renaissance
What did article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles state?
War guilt clause: Germany was to blame for starting WW1
What is a religious mission?
When somebody travels around to spread the ideas of their religion.
What were some of the things that Wilson wanted in his fourteen points?
No secret treaties, disarmament, self determination in the Austro-Hungarian and Turkish Empires, creation of an independent Poland, creation of the League of Nations.
The Hoare-Laval Pact was never put into action. Why is it still significant in understanding about the invasion of Abyssinia?
It proved to the world that Britain and France were willing to undermine the League of Nations for their own self-interest.
In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?
1858
What did Japan do when it was ordered to withdraw from Manchuria in February 1933?
Left the League of Nations instead.
What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?
People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey
What sort of pictures would you have found in Vesalius’ book?
Detailed drawings of the human body.
Which Catholic plots against Elizabeth was the Duke of Norfolk connected to?
The Northern Rebellion and the Ridolfi Plot
What is an example of argument against Elizabeth’s getting married?
Marrying a foreign prince or king could lead to England falling under their control.
How were German newspapers affected by the Nazis?
Goebbels’ Ministry of Propaganda sent daily instructions to newspapers telling them what to print etc.
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Neiully?
Bulgaria.
What was Edwin Chadwick’s big discovery?
That high poor rate in some towns resulted from some people being too unwell to work due to poor living conditions.
When was Mary, Queen of Scots put on trial?
October 1586
What would a doctor find that was useful in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna?
The medical properties of 760 different drugs and chapters on medical problems such as anorexia and obesity.
What famous book did Avicenna write?
The Canon of Medicine
On what continent is Abyssinia?
Africa.
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
Give 2 examples of what was granted to Catholics in the Elizabethan religious settlement.
2 of these: Some Catholic ideas were included in Protestant church services; Services were written so as not to be offensive to Catholics; Recusancy fines for Catholics were very low; Private beliefs and acts of worship would not be punished.
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
Who was Richard Burbage?
One of the most famous actors of the Elizabethan period.
What would a healthy person’s humours be like?
Balanced.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s second Naval law?
- Doubled the number of battleships to be built each year (to 38).
Why was Anschluss not achieved in 1934?
The Austrian Army supported the (anti-Nazi) government plus Mussolini moved Italian troops to the Austrian border and threatened to invade if Hitler didn’t back off.
In what country was the Wall Street Crash of 1929?
America.
What were the negatives of Francis, Duke of Alencon and Anjou as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He was Catholic and a lot younger than Elizabeth.
Which of Elizabeth’s ‘seadogs’ did the Spanish give the nickname, ‘the dragon’?
Francis Drake
What are alternative names for the industrial period?
The nineteenth century and the industrial revolution.
When was John of Aderne around?
In the Middle AGes.
In what year did Crick and Watson publish their work on DNA?
1953
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
What was the financial impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
They were very expensive and by 1914 Germany was 5 billion marks in debt.
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
Who was appointed by Philip II as commander of the Spanish Armada?
The Duke of Medina-Sidonia
Who was John Field?
Leader of an extreme branch of Puritanism based in London. He preached and published articles against the Church of England, he was eventually banned from preaching.
What was agreed in the Pact of Steel?
The armies of Italy, Japan and Germany would work together in any war that broke out.
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
What was the main difference between the 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts?
The first was voluntary, the second was compulsory.
Why did some people oppose Edward Jenner’s vaccination?
They were worried about having animal matter injected into them.
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
When was Guy’s hospital founded and what was different about it?
- Different because founded by a local businessman, Thomas Guy, and not the Christian church.
What does RUT have to do with Hitler’s foreign policy aims for Germany?
R = rearm U = unite T = territory
How was Mary, Queen of Scots, related to Elizabeth?
They were cousins.
What does the Suez Canal have to do with the invasion of Abyssinia?
Britain and France controlled this important trade route. They could have closed it to Italy which would have cut off the invasion. However they didn’t want to upset Mussolini in case they needed his help against Hitler.
Who was in the Pact of Steel?
Germany and Italy at first and then Japan in 1940.
Who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada and stole gold from Spanish ships?
Sir Francis Drake.
What was the Saar and what happened to it in the Treaty of Versailles?
An important industrial area of Germany. It was put under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years.
What has Versailles got to do with the Paris Peace Conference?
It was where the Paris Peace conference took place.
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
Who was Pu Yi?
The ex-Chinese emperor put in charge of Manchuria after the Japanese invasion, he was to be a ‘puppet’ ruler controlled by the Japanese.
Which country lost land in the Treaty of St Germain?
Austria
How many men were in the Catholic army that marched south in the Northern Rebellion?
4600
Which country did the Rhineland belong to?
Germany.
Which of Hitler’s foreign policy aims is not included in RUT?
destroy communism
Which two European countries occupied territories surrounding Abyssinia?
Britain and Italy.
By 1912, what did the Kaiser realise was one way to unite his country and stop the complaints of the SDP?
Get Germany into a war (WW1).
In what year and period did Joseph Lister publish details of carbolic spray?
1867 - industrial
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of …………………………. ?
Sevres
Who tried to stop Germany when troops were sent into the Rhineland?
Nobody.
In what year did Japan invade Manchuria?
1931
Did Vesalius set out to prove Galen wrong?
No. He read Galen’s works carefully but started to notice that what he was reading and what he was seeing during dissections did not match. That was when he realised that a lot of Galen’s anatomical facts were based on animal dissection and therefore wrong.
What were the 2 religious reasons why there was conflict between England and Spain?
- The Pope had called for all Catholics to challenge Elizabeth in 1570. 2. England was Protestant and Spain was Catholic.
What were the positives of Phillip II as a suitor to Elizabeth?
Marriage would create an alliance between England and Spain.
What is treason?
An attempt to kill over overthrow the monarch or betray the country; punishable by death.
What job did Justices of the Peace (JPs) do?
Each county had several JPs chosen from the local gentry (the social class below the nobility but above everybody else). Their job was to ensure that the laws passed by parliament were followed.One JP could imprison a person, more than one JP was needed to sentence someone to be executed.
In what year was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
In what year and period did the NHS come into operation?
1948 - twentieth century
How many people were unemployed in Germany by 1932?
6 million.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was its version of a civil service (the people who work for the government)? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
D
What was the ‘stab in the back’ myth?
A belief held by many Germans that at the end of WW1 they had not really lost but had been betrayed by their own leaders, namely the Weimar republic.
What were recusancy fines?
Fines for people who refused to attend services by the Protestant Church of England.
In what year did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write ‘LON’ or ‘the League?’
‘the League’
Who was at the top of the Great Chain of Being?
God.
In what year and period did Joseph Bazalgette begin building London’s underground sewer system?
1858 - industrial
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power of veto over decisions that had been made? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
B
What was done with the land taken from Austria in the Treaty of St Germain?
Some of it was given to Italy and Romania. Some of it was used to create new countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
When was the printing press invented?
1451.
What is public health the story of?
The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.
What were the negatives of Robert Devereux as a suitor to Elizabeth?
He was thirty years younger than Elizabeth and seen as reckless and immature.
What do the words Mein Kampf mean?
Book written by Hitler, title means ‘My struggle’
What was Lady Montague’s inoculation for?
Smallpox
What did the League do when Italian troops invaded the capital of Abyssinia on 5th May 1936?
Nothing.
-What did Edwin Chadwick’s discovery lead to being passed?
The 1848 Public Health act?
Including colonies, how much territory in total did Germany lose after the Treaty of Versailles?
13%
How did the design of Elizabethan theatres reflect their views on society?
They were modelled around the Great Chain of Being, the higher your class, the higher up you sat in the theatre. The poorest people stood at the bottom.
-What disease did Pasteur first use his vaccination ideas to treat a human for?
Rabies.
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
Who was Edmund Campion?
A Jesuit who undertook a mission to spread Catholicism to England in 1580. He was executed in 1581.
What did Stressemann do to solve the crisis?
Convinced striking workers in the Ruhr to return to their jobs, introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark (1 rentenmark replaced 1000 billion marks), and got Germany financial aid from overseas by co-organising…
Which of Elizabeth’s closest advisors played a key role in the trial and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots?
Francis Walsingham
How can the word BRAT help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
B= blame, R = reparations, A= army, T=territory
What does the Spanish civil war have to do with our topic?
One side in the Spanish Civil war were Fascists led by General Franco. Hitler and Mussolini sent troops and weapons to support him; this gave their forces a good opportunity to practice fighting.
