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Which two European countries occupied territories surrounding Abyssinia?
Britain and Italy.
What two countries had a dispute about Vilna in 1920?
Poland and Lithuania.
The Hoare-Laval Pact was never put into action. Why is it still significant in understanding about the invasion of Abyssinia?
It proved to the world that Britain and France were willing to undermine the League of Nations for their own self-interest.
Which of the four questions on the Conflict and Tension exam should you do a plan for?
Q4
What was discussed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-11?
disarmament
On Conflict and tension exam Q2 (How useful are these sources…) what should you use to help decide how useful the sources are?
Explicit topic knowledge and PASTA.
Which countries were not invited to the Munich Agreement that should have been there?
Czechoslovakia and Russia.
Which country did the Rhineland belong to?
Germany.
Had Hitler always wanted war with Britain?
No, he suggested a 25 year non-aggression pact in 1936, but Britain refused.
How can the word BRAT help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
B= blame, R = reparations, A= army, T=territory
Which country lost land in the Treaty of St Germain?
Austria
What was article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles all about?
Reparations - £6,600 million!
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
What did Hitler demand at the League of Nations Disarmament conference in 1933?
That other countries (not just Germany) disarm. Then that Germany be allowed to have the same sized army as France.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?
To keep Germany strong for trade with Britain, gain German colonies for Britain, keep the Royal navy powerful, ensure Germany was a buffer against Russia communism.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below needed a unanimous decision for it to happen? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
In what month and year was the Wall Street Crash?
October 1929
How much of its territories did Germany lose as part of the treaty of Versailles?
10%, including Alsace Lorraine which was returned to France.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power to offer advice and issue blame but could not actually punish? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
c
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anchluss
Why did Stalin of Russia make a deal with Hitler despite them being so different and Hitler hating Communists?
Stalin doubted the strength of the League, nobody stood up to Hitler over the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, he had been left out of the Munich agreement in 1938.
What did the Kwantung army do after the Mukden incident?
They took over Manchuria.
How many Austrians voted in favour of Anschluss in the April 1938 plebiscite?
99%
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
In what country would you have found the Sudetenland?
Czechoslovakia
Why did Japan want Manchuria in 1931?
The Great Depression had ruined Japan’s silk industry (America was a big customer), Manchuria had vast natural resources and good farmland, Japan already had factories, the South Manchurian railway and the Kwantung army in Manchuria.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met only once a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
What did Japan do when it was ordered to withdraw from Manchuria in February 1933?
Left the League of Nations instead.
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of …………………………. ?
Sevres
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write ‘LON’ or ‘the League?’
‘the League’
Which countries made an agreement in the Stresa Front?
Britain, France and Italy.
What was agreed in the Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928?
War would not be used as a way to settle disputes.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the USA in 1919.
What did Lord Lytton conclude?
Japan was in the wrong and should not have invaded Manchuria.
In what year was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
1939
On what condition were the Aland islands granted to Finland in 1921?
Finland was not allowed to build military bases on the islands.
Which country wanted to invade Manchuria?
Japan
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
Which two countries signed the Rapallo Treaty of 1922?
Germany and Russia.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
What was agreed in the Pact of Steel?
The armies of Italy, Japan and Germany would work together in any war that broke out.
What has Versailles got to do with the Paris Peace Conference?
It was where the Paris Peace conference took place.
How many countries met to sign the Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928?
65
What does the Spanish civil war have to do with our topic?
One side in the Spanish Civil war were Fascists led by General Franco. Hitler and Mussolini sent troops and weapons to support him; this gave their forces a good opportunity to practice fighting.
In what year did the League of Nations first meet?
1920
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations for WW1?
£6,600 million
On Conflict and tension exam Q4 (How far do you agree with this statement…) what is the very first thing you should do?
Be absolutely clear about the knowledge focus of the question.
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
What was agreed at the Washington Arms Conference of 1921-22?
Britain and the USA could have the same sized navies and for every 5 tonnes each of their ships weighed, Japan could have 3 tonnes.
What was the Saar and what happened to it in the Treaty of Versailles?
An important industrial area of Germany. It was put under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years.
What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Creation of the League of Nations, not to be too hard on Germany, self-determination, freedom of the seas, the fourteen points.
How did the Wall Street Crash impact other countries in the world?
The American economy entered a state of depression, this impacted all the countries that America traded with and/or had lent money to, such as Germany.
On Conflict and tension exam Q2 (How useful are these sources…) how many marks is it worth?
12
What form of transport was at the centre of the Mukden incident?
A train of the Japanese owned South Manchurian railway.
What was appeasement?
A British policy of giving Hitler a little of what he wanted in order to prevent a war.
Who was Lord Lytton?
The British politician in charge of the Commission of Inquiry put together by the League to investigate events in Manchuria?
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
What did Russia and Germany agree when they signed the Rapallo Treaty in 1922?
Germany would return to Russia money and land that had been lost at the end of WW1. Also, both countries would try to cooperate more in the future.
Including colonies, how much territory in total did Germany lose after the Treaty of Versailles?
13%
Who did the Japanese claim had attacked their train in the Mukden incident?
Chinese soldiers.
What was done with the land taken from Austria in the Treaty of St Germain?
Some of it was given to Italy and Romania. Some of it was used to create new countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
What was the outcome of the Corfu incident of 1923?
Mussolini was condemned but not punished by the League. Greece was made to pay compensation to the League for the loss of Tellini and his men. Mussolini demanded that this compensation go directly to him and the League agreed. Italian troops then left Corfu.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was comprised of 42 nations? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
What happened to General Tellini and his men when they went to survey the Greek/Albanian border?
They were murdered.
What kind of voting took place in Upper Silesia in 1921?
A plebiscite to decide whether the area would be owned by Germany or Poland.
Which of Hitler’s foreign policy aims is not included in RUT?
destroy communism
What is significant about the city of Geneva in Switzerland?
It is where the League of Nations HQ was.
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Sevres?
Turkey
What was the choice between and the outcome of the Saar plebiscite?
Whether the areas should be governed by France or Germany. 90% of the population voted for Germany.
How can the word LAMB help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
L=land, A=army, M=money, B=blame
Who was in the Pact of Steel?
Germany and Italy at first and then Japan in 1940.
Who were the Big 3?
Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, WIlson of the USA.
What does the word Bolshevism mean?
Another name for Communism in Russia.
After the Abyssinia Crisis, Mussolini later said that if ………………. and ……………. had been banned he would have abandoned his invasion.
coal and oil.
What does each part of PASTA stand for?
P = purpose A= author S = site T = time A = audience
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Neiully?
Bulgaria.
What do the words Mein Kampf mean?
Book written by Hitler, title means ‘My struggle’
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power of veto over decisions that had been made? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
B
In what year were these challenges for the League: invasion of Vilna, Aaland islands, Upper Silesia.
1921
What exactly was agreed in the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement?
Britain agreed that Germany could build its navy to 35% of the size of Britain’s.
On Conflict and tension exam Q1 (This source shows….. how do you know?) what’s the very first thing you should do?
Look at the source and make sure you understand it.
Who was Roosevelt (FDR)?
President of America for most of the 1930s.
Who was Engleburt Dollfuss?
Chancellor of Austria in the early 1930s.
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
What connects the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference?
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the outcomes from the Paris Peace Conference.
How did the League deal with the Bulgaria situation of 1925?
Greece was condemned by the League, ordered to pay compensation to Bulgaria and withdraw their troops.
What does the Suez Canal have to do with the invasion of Abyssinia?
Britain and France controlled this important trade route. They could have closed it to Italy which would have cut off the invasion. However they didn’t want to upset Mussolini in case they needed his help against Hitler.
On Conflict and tension exam Q4 (How far do you agree with this statement…) what do you need for 13+?
A conclusion at the end
How do the letters PTMM help you remember the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
P=pride, T=territory, M=money, M=military strength.
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write ‘LON’ or ‘the League?’
‘the League’
In what year did Hitler achieve Anschluss with Austria?
1938
Which country did Germany and the USSR agree to divide between the in the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
Poland
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
On Conflict and tension exam Q4 (How far do you agree with this statement…) what kind of plan should you do?
A spider diagram with different factors for each leg (including the factor in the question).
In what year did Japan launch a full scale invasion of China?
1937
What did the League do when Italian troops invaded the capital of Abyssinia on 5th May 1936?
Nothing.
What does RUT have to do with Hitler’s foreign policy aims for Germany?
R = rearm U = unite T = territory
How big was the League of Nations’ army?
0, it didn’t have one.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Dictator of the Communist USSR.
Where was the Rhineland and what happened to it as part of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
A strip of land which was part of Germany on the French/German border. It was demilitarised.
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
What did Poland do in the Vilna incident?
Sent the Polish army to take control of the city, even though it was in Lithuania. Refused to remove the troops even after the League asked them to.
In what year did Italy invade Abyssinia?
1935?
What did Greece do to Bulgaria in 1925?
They invaded it after Greek soldiers had been killed on the Greek/Bulgarian border.
Who were Hoare and Laval?
British and French ministers who were sent to make a secret deal with Italy which would hand over half of Abyssinia to Mussolini. The meeting was leaked to the press, the were both sacked and the deal never happened.
What did Austrian Nazis do in 1934?
They caused havoc across Austria and murdered the Chancellor, Engleburt Dollfuss.
What did article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles state?
War guilt clause: Germany was to blame for starting WW1
Who tried to stop Germany when troops were sent into the Rhineland?
Nobody.
In what year was the Corfu crisis?
1923
How did the League use trade sanctions to try to solve the Abyssinia Crisis?
Italy and Abyssinia were both banned from buying weapons. Italy however was able to continue buying oil, steel, coal and iron.
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
Who was Neville Chamberlain?
Prime Minister of Britain 1937-40.
In what year did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
Why didn’t the League do more to help in the Vilna incident?
France wanted to be friendly with Poland as they might be a future ally against Germany. Britain did not want to act alone. Both of these countries therefore blocked any strong response from the League.
Which country was given control of the Aland islands by the League?
Finland
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What did George Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Revenge for French losses and damage in WW1, to cripple Germany militarily, money to rebuild, make France less vulnerable to future attack.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below were groups of experts with a specific mission? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
e
Why was the Sudetenland an attractive target for Hitler?
It belonged to Czechoslovakia which was a new country resulting from the Treaty of Versailles which Hitler opposed.I t had vast resources that Hitler could use such as railways, forts, factories. There were 3 million Volksdeutche there. It surrounded Czechoslovakia on three sides.
What did Mussolini do as a result of Telini and his men being murdered in 1923?
Blamed Greece and invaded the island of Corfu.
Which two countries were the Aland Islands positioned between?
Sweden and Finland.
Who was Pu Yi?
The ex-Chinese emperor put in charge of Manchuria after the Japanese invasion, he was to be a ‘puppet’ ruler controlled by the Japanese.
When did Italy leave the League of Nations?
May 1936
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was its version of a civil service (the people who work for the government)? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
D
What was agreed in the Locarno Treaties of 1925?
Germany officially accepted the borders of the Treaty of Versailles, all countries to work together peacefully, all countries to support another country if they were invaded.
In what month and year and was the Paris Peace conference?
Jan 1919
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Britain in 1919.
Who was Daladier?
President of France in the 1930s.
What does the word Lebensraum mean?
Living space for Germany.
How big was the League of Nations’ army?
0, it didn’t have one.
Which countries signed the Anti-Comintern pact and what did they agree?
Germany and Japan. They agreed to work together against Communism.
How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact push Britain closer to war?
Britain promised Poland that if Hitler invaded, they would declare war on Germany.
On Conflict and tension exam Q4 (How far do you agree with this statement…) how many marks is it worth?
16 + 4 for SPaG
What did Hitler show off at the ‘Freedom to Rearm rally’ in 1935?
The weapons and troops he had been secretly building up.
On Conflict and tension exam Q1 (This source shows….. how do you know?) how many marks is it worth?
4
In what year was the Washington naval agreement?
1922
Who was George Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France in 1919
What did Germany and Italy agree in the Rome-Berlin Axis?
They agreed that they would work more closely together in the future.
What did Britain, France and Italy agree in the Stresa Front?
Guarantee the terms of the Locarno Treaty, protect Austrian independence, work together to ensure Hitler stopped breaking the rules of the Treaty of Versailles,
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of …………………………. ?
Sevres
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What entered the Rhineland on 7th March 1936?
German troops under orders to retreat if they met any resistance.
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
On Conflict and tension exam Q2 (How useful are these sources…) what’s the very first things you should do?
Make sure you understand the sources, be clear about the focus of the question,
What connected the Saar and the League of Nations?
The Saar had been given to the the League of Nations for 15 years as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This was due to expire in 1935.
Why was the Abyssinia incident especially difficult the League to deal with?
Both Italy and Abyssinia were members.
In what year did Japan invade Manchuria?
1931
What was the Austrian Nazi party planning in January 1938?
To overthrow Schuschnigg.
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
In what year were the Locarno Treaties?
1925
What was unusual about the Anschluss plebiscite held in April 1938?
It was conducted AFTER the invasion of Austria by Nazi troops had already happened. Those voting were encouraged to vote ‘yes’ by Nazi stormtroopers and a bigger ‘yes’ circle on the voting slip.
What was the covenant of the League of Nations?
An agreement between all the countries in the League that they would deal with aggression by getting countries to talk through problems, be ready to tell the guilty country when they were in the wrong and use economic sanctions as punishments.
What does the word Anschluss mean?
Uniting Germany and Austria
When did Germany invade Poland?
1st September 1939.
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met four times a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
b
Why did Mussolini want to invade Abyssinia?
Wanted a new empire, Abyssinia was an easy target, gain natura resources and good land for grazing, Abyssinia had previously defeated Italy in a war (1896), Mussolini was confident that the League of Nations and Britain/France wouldn’t stop him,
What was Dollfuss’ view of Anschluss?
He was opposed to it.
Who were Schuschnigg and Seyss-Inquart?
The final two chancellors of Austria before Anschluss was acheived.
How many months after the Mukden incident was the Lytton report published?
13 months
In what year was the Dollfus affair?
1934
In what country was the Wall Street Crash of 1929?
America.
What was the outcome of the Upper Silesia plebiscite?
60% of votes won by Germany. However, Poland did not accept this result so the area was divided up with rural areas going to Germany and industrial areas going to Poland.
On Conflict and tension exam Q1 (This source shows….. how do you know?) how should you structure your answer?
Describe a relevant part of the source in detail and then comment on it from your knowledge. Repeat if possible.
What were some of the things that Wilson wanted in his fourteen points?
No secret treaties, disarmament, self determination in the Austro-Hungarian and Turkish Empires, creation of an independent Poland, creation of the League of Nations.
Where was Upper Silesia?
In South Poland, close to the German/Polish border.
What is unusual about the League of Nations and America?
America proposed the creation of the League but did not join. This is because President Wilson was blocked by the Senate of his government.
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anschluss
On what continent is Abyssinia?
Africa.
What are the International Labour organisation, the Disarmament commission and the Slavery Commission all examples of?
League of Nations special commissions.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was elected by the Assembly and Council? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
C
In which country is Manchuria based?
China
What was the outcome for Hitler at the League of Nations Disarmament conference in 1933?
Germany left the League.
Why was Anschluss not achieved in 1934?
The Austrian Army supported the (anti-Nazi) government plus Mussolini moved Italian troops to the Austrian border and threatened to invade if Hitler didn’t back off.
What does the word Volksdeutsche mean?
People of the German race
