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What was the Christian attitude to dissection in the Middle Ages?
It was not allowed at first. Later, it was allowed in medical schools but under strictly controlled conditions.
When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?
It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.
What was the Dawes plan?
The Dawes plan was proposed by American banker Charles Dawed in 1924. It gave economic relief to Germany by giving them a huge loan from America.
What was not allowed in the Rhineland and what was this called?
No troops, weapons or fortifications. This is called being demilitarised.
What famous book did Avicenna write?
The Canon of Medicine
Why was the Saar important to Germany?
It was an important industrial area with many coal mines.
What did George Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Revenge for French losses and damage in WW1, to cripple Germany militarily, money to rebuild, make France less vulnerable to future attack.
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
Why was industrialisation a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Germany’s Navy and steel production was half that of Britain’s. Wilhelm wanted Germany to be just as great as Britain.
How do the letters PTMM help you remember the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
P=pride, T=territory, M=money, M=military strength.
Which theme is John Hunter connected to?
Surgery and Anatomy.
What was the political impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
They won him lots of support as played upon people’s sense of patriotism.
What is unusual about the League of Nations and America?
America proposed the creation of the League but did not join. This is because President Wilson was blocked by the Senate of his government.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s second Naval law?
- Doubled the number of battleships to be built each year (to 38).
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
How many hospitals did the Christian church build in England between 1000 and 1500?
700
Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.
The medicine man or shaman.
What did Lord Lytton conclude?
Japan was in the wrong and should not have invaded Manchuria.
When was the Treaty of Trianon and which country lost out?
1920, Hungary.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was comprised of 42 nations? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What was the financial impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
They were very expensive and by 1914 Germany was 5 billion marks in debt.
In what year and period did the Black Death arrive in England?
1348 - Dark Ages
When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?
1861
What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?
Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.
What did Harold Gillies do during and after WW1?
Set up a special unit to perform skin grafts on wounded soldiers.
What was the military impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
Encouraged war.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the USA in 1919.
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
What was Laissez-Faire?
A widely held belief at the start of the industrial period that it was not the job of government to try to improve public health.
How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?
They were often conducted on animals not people.
What is the negative way some people remember Stresemann?
That he didn’t properly fix any of Germany’s problems. He just used loans from America to make people think they were fixed.
What were mandates?
Germany’s colonies in Africa which, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, were in the control of the League of Nations (especially Britain and France).
What are the years of the Renaissance?
1400-1750
Did Vesalius set out to prove Galen wrong?
No. He read Galen’s works carefully but started to notice that what he was reading and what he was seeing during dissections did not match. That was when he realised that a lot of Galen’s anatomical facts were based on animal dissection and therefore wrong.
Including colonies, how much territory in total did Germany lose after the Treaty of Versailles?
13%
Give details of the three problems that affected Germany in 1923.
The French occupation of the Ruhr, hyperinflation and the Munich Putsch.
In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?
1858
Which country lost out in the Treaty of Sevres?
Turkey
On what condition were the Aland islands granted to Finland in 1921?
Finland was not allowed to build military bases on the islands.
How can the word BRAT help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
B= blame, R = reparations, A= army, T=territory
In what year and period did Fleming discover penicllin?
1928 - twentieth century
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
In which country is Manchuria based?
China
What was the main difference between the 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts?
The first was voluntary, the second was compulsory.
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
In what year and period did Joseph Bazalgette begin building London’s underground sewer system?
1858 - industrial
In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?
1858
In what year and period did the NHS come into operation?
1948 - twentieth century
What was Article 48?
Said that in an emergency the President could make laws without the Reichstag.
Why was Socialism a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The gap between the rich and poor had widened due to industrialisation. Poorly paid workers had joined trade unions to try to force the Kaiser to improve their conditions.
What did Vesalius prove about the human heart that showed Galen was wrong?
That blood did not pass through the septum, it moved in a different way.
What was cauterising?
Sealing a wound and stopping it from bleeding by busing red hot iron.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power of veto over decisions that had been made? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
B
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anschluss
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was elected by the Assembly and Council? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
C
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s first Naval law?
1898 - added an additional 7 battleships to the total built each year (to a total of 19).
What is Doctor Christiaan Barnard famous for?
Conducting the first human heart transplant in 1967.
What was article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles all about?
Reparations - £6,600 million!
What are the years of the Industrial period?
1750-1900
What was the outcome of the Upper Silesia plebiscite?
60% of votes won by Germany. However, Poland did not accept this result so the area was divided up with rural areas going to Germany and industrial areas going to Poland.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
Define supernatural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.
In what year was the Corfu crisis?
1923
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below needed a unanimous decision for it to happen? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
A
In what year did Christiaan Barnard perform the first heart transplant?
1967
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
What invention of 1451 was as important to communications as the internet in modern times?
The printing press.
-What were Koch’s three contributions towards discovering the causes of disease?
Solid medium, staining, method.
What is disease and infection the story of?
The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.
What ‘five giants’ did William Beveridge want to beat in his report of 1942?
disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness, squalor (poor living conditions).
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below were groups of experts with a specific mission? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
e
What was wound man?
A diagram used to instruct surgeons in the Middle Ages how to treat various battlefield injuries.
Who did the Japanese claim had attacked their train in the Mukden incident?
Chinese soldiers.
In what year did Germany join the League of Nations?
1926
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations for WW1?
£6,600 million
What are two men with surnames Chain and Florey famous for?
Developing the work of Fleming on penicillin and antibiotics
What exactly was agreed in the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement?
Britain agreed that Germany could build its navy to 35% of the size of Britain’s.
How many months after the Mukden incident was the Lytton report published?
13 months
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below met four times a year? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
b
What sort of pictures would you have found in Vesalius’ book?
Detailed drawings of the human body.
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
Which country lost land in the Treaty of St Germain?
Austria
What was John of Aderne famous for?
Being a fantastic English surgeon, the manual of surgery he wrote called ‘Practica,’ using opium and henbane to dull pain in surgery and forming the Guild of Surgeons in London in 1368.
Who was Lord Lytton?
The British politician in charge of the Commission of Inquiry put together by the League to investigate events in Manchuria?
