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Who were the Friekorps?
Groups of ex-soldiers who continued serving despite not being paid in attempt to help Germany through its troubled times.
What did Rhazes achieve?
The first accurate descriptions of measles and smallpox.
Who did the Japanese claim had attacked their train in the Mukden incident?
Chinese soldiers.
When was the printing press invented?
1451.
In what month and year was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
June 1919
Why was industrialisation a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Germany’s Navy and steel production was half that of Britain’s. Wilhelm wanted Germany to be just as great as Britain.
What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?
Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.
When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?
It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.
What was the outcome of the Corfu incident of 1923?
Mussolini was condemned but not punished by the League. Greece was made to pay compensation to the League for the loss of Tellini and his men. Mussolini demanded that this compensation go directly to him and the League agreed. Italian troops then left Corfu.
What exactly was agreed in the 1935 Anglo-German naval agreement?
Britain agreed that Germany could build its navy to 35% of the size of Britain’s.
What invention of 1451 was as important to communications as the internet in modern times?
The printing press.
What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.
Why is John Hunter famous in the History of medicine?
He was a famous army surgeon and later surgeon to King George III, he published helpful books such as ‘On venereal disease’ which he researched by operating on himself, he proved that gonorrhea ad syphilis were different diseases, he had a collection of 3000 preserved specimens including an Irish giant.
True or false: in the Middle Ages people started to believe in astrological reasons for illness?
True.
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
What did Harold Gillies do during and after WW1?
Set up a special unit to perform skin grafts on wounded soldiers.
In what year did Crick and Watson publish their work on DNA?
1953
In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?
1858
In what year did Christiaan Barnard perform the first heart transplant?
1967
What did the Kwantung army do after the Mukden incident?
They took over Manchuria.
Which two countries were the Aland Islands positioned between?
Sweden and Finland.
When writing about the League of Nations in a quick form, should you write ‘LON’ or ‘the League?’
‘the League’
Who were the Big 3?
Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain, WIlson of the USA.
What did Japan do when it was ordered to withdraw from Manchuria in February 1933?
Left the League of Nations instead.
When was the Treaty of St Germain?
September 1919
In what country was the Wall Street Crash of 1929?
America.
What was Lady Montague’s inoculation for?
Smallpox
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below was elected by the Assembly and Council? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
C
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the USA in 1919.
Which of the League of Nations organisation listed below had the power of veto over decisions that had been made? A. The Assembly B. The Council C. The Permanent court of International Justice D. The Secretariat E. The special commissions
B
What was the ‘stab in the back’ myth?
A belief held by many Germans that at the end of WW1 they had not really lost but had been betrayed by their own leaders, namely the Weimar republic.
In what year was the Saar plebiscite?
1935
How did the Wall Street Crash impact other countries in the world?
The American economy entered a state of depression, this impacted all the countries that America traded with and/or had lent money to, such as Germany.
What was the covenant of the League of Nations?
An agreement between all the countries in the League that they would deal with aggression by getting countries to talk through problems, be ready to tell the guilty country when they were in the wrong and use economic sanctions as punishments.
Who was George Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France in 1919
When was Guy’s hospital founded and what was different about it?
- Different because founded by a local businessman, Thomas Guy, and not the Christian church.
What is surgery and anatomy the story of?
The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.
What was proportional representation?
Political parties were allocated seats in line with the number of votes received.
What was developed during WW1 that improved surgery?
X-ray machines
What did Stressemann do to solve the crisis?
Convinced striking workers in the Ruhr to return to their jobs, new currency, the Locarno pact for improved international relations and got Germany financial aid from America.
In what year and period did Joseph Bazalgette begin building London’s underground sewer system?
1858 - industrial
What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?
Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.
What did Poland do in the Vilna incident?
Sent the Polish army to take control of the city, even though it was in Lithuania. Refused to remove the troops even after the League asked them to.
How did the League deal with the Bulgaria situation of 1925?
Greece was condemned by the League, ordered to pay compensation to Bulgaria and withdraw their troops.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s first Naval law?
1898 - added an additional 7 battleships to the total built each year (to a total of 19).
Who was Pu Yi?
The ex-Chinese emperor put in charge of Manchuria after the Japanese invasion, he was to be a ‘puppet’ ruler controlled by the Japanese.
What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?
Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.
How much of its territories did Germany lose as part of the treaty of Versailles?
10%, including Alsace Lorraine which was returned to France.
What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?
Surgeon
How many months after the Mukden incident was the Lytton report published?
13 months
What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?
The brain controls the body.
What are the International Labour organisation, the Disarmament commission and the Slavery Commission all examples of?
League of Nations special commissions.
In what year and period did William Harvey prove the circulation of the blood?
1628- Renaissance
Why was Socialism a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The gap between the rich and poor had widened due to industrialisation. Poorly paid workers had joined trade unions to try to force the Kaiser to improve their conditions.
What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?
There wasn’t one
What was Edwin Chadwick’s big discovery?
That high poor rate in some towns resulted from some people being too unwell to work due to poor living conditions.
What was the Christian attitude to dissection in the Middle Ages?
It was not allowed at first. Later, it was allowed in medical schools but under strictly controlled conditions.
What were the three main problems facing the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Industrialisation, socialism, democracy.
Define natural explanations of disease.
Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).
Why did some people in England during the Renaissance believe that being touched by the King would heal them?
Because he was supposed to represent God.
What did Edward Jenner discover?
Smallpox vaccination using cowpox
What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Paris Peace Conference?
Creation of the League of Nations, not to be too hard on Germany, self-determination, freedom of the seas, the fourteen points.
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
In what year and period did the NHS come into operation?
1948 - twentieth century
When was John of Aderne around?
In the Middle AGes.
In what country was the Saar region?
Germany
The Treaty of Lausanne is famous for reversing the tough treatment that Turkey was given in the Treaty of …………………………. ?
Sevres
What idea of Galen’s did Harvey prove wrong?
That blood was made in the liver to replace that which was burnt up by the body.
What was the Saar plebiscite to decide?
Who (France or Germany) should rule the area after the 15 years of being controlled by the League of Nations.
Who was Lord Lytton?
The British politician in charge of the Commission of Inquiry put together by the League to investigate events in Manchuria?
What did Lord Lytton conclude?
Japan was in the wrong and should not have invaded Manchuria.
What happened to General Tellini and his men when they went to survey the Greek/Albanian border?
They were murdered.
What kind of voting took place in Upper Silesia in 1921?
A plebiscite to decide whether the area would be owned by Germany or Poland.
What was article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles all about?
Reparations - £6,600 million!
What is an epidemic?
A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.
Which theme is John Hunter connected to?
Surgery and Anatomy.
How was the Weimar constitution organised?
President – Chancellor – Reichstag (German parliament) – people.
What military forces was Germany allowed in the Treaty of Versailles?
Only 6 ships in the navy and no submarines. Only 100,000 soldiers in the army, conscription not allowed and no tanks. No airforce allowed either.
What social reforms that helped improve public health did the Liberal government in Britain introduce in 1906?
Free school meals for poor children, free medical check and free treatment.
Who set up the SDP (Social Democratic Party)?
German workers who were still unhappy with inequality in the Kaiser’s Germany.
Why did some people oppose Edward Jenner’s vaccination?
They were worried about having animal matter injected into them.
Which war is Harold Gillies linked to?
WW1
How did Harvey use vivisection on animals to prove his theories?
He dissected live, cold blooded animals whose hearts beat very slowly. This meant that he could see the movements of each muscle in the heart.
What form of transport was at the centre of the Mukden incident?
A train of the Japanese owned South Manchurian railway.
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles (spelt correctly)?
Anschluss
How can the word LAMB help you remember about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
L=land, A=army, M=money, B=blame
What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?
To keep Germany strong for trade with Britain, gain German colonies for Britain, keep the Royal navy powerful, ensure Germany was a buffer against Russia communism.
