Get Ready! Flashcards
Cells such as plant and animal cells that contain membrane bound structures, also protista and fungi.
Eukaryotic
Cells with no membrane bound structures, such as bacteria.
Prokaryotic
Converts energy stored in glucose into ATP through the process of cell respiration
Mitochondria
Provides structural support for the cell
Cytoskeleton
Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell
Cell membrane
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Modifies proteins for import within the cell, contains ribosomes
Rough ER
Makes lipids, inactivates toxins
Smooth ER
Modifies and packages proteins for export from the cell
Golgi body
Digest, recycle materials
Lysosome
Produce structures that aid in cell division (only in animals)
Centrioles
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Capacity to do work
Potential energy
Measured in kilocalories (such as in glucose)
Chemical energy
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Temperature energy
Thermal energy
Energy going in such as glucose formation
Endergonic reactions
Energy going out such as glucose breakdown
Exergonic reactions
Carotenoids can be seen in (two places)
- Chloroplast
* Chromoplast
_______ speed up rate of reactions that would have occurred on its own.
Enzymes
Reactions do not permanently alter or use up ______ molecules.
Enzymes
The same type of ________ usually work for the forward and reverse directions of a reaction.
Enzymes
_______ can be affected by: heat, pH level, salt
Enzymes
Horizontal distance between crests of two successive waves.
Wavelength
Molecules that absorb wavelengths of light
Pigments
Materials needed for photosynthesis:
- Light
- Water
- Carbon Dioxide
- Enzymes
- ATP
Two types of photosynthesis:
- Light dependent
* Light independent
First step of light dependent reaction:
Absorb light and water
Second step of light dependent reaction:
ATP and NADPH are formed
______ is the actual cycle in which glucose is formed.
Light independent reaction
___ and _____ are needed to perform ________.
ATP; NADPH; Light independent reaction
Plant cells make their own glucose molecules.
Cellular respiration
Cells will break down glucose, fats, and proteins
Cellular respiration
3 stages of cellular respiration:
- Glycolysis
- Kreb’s cycle
- Electron transport system
Material needed for cellular respiration:
- glucose
- ATP
- enzymes
- oxygen
First stage of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Second stage of cellular respiration
Kreb’s cycle
Third stage of cellular respiration
Electron transport system
Glycolysis occurs in the _________.
cytoplasm
Net amount of ATP produced from glycolysis.
2
What is produced from glycolysis?
- 4 ATP (2 net)
- NAD+ (an enzyme) has H+ ions and electrons added to it to form NADH
- pyruvates
Kreb’s cycle occurs in the __________.
mitochondria
What is produced from Kreb’s cycle?
- 2 FADH2
- 8 NADH
- 6 CO2
- 2 ATP
Electron transport system occurs in the _______
mitochondria
Steps of electron transport system: (1-4)
- NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons and hydrogen ions into transport system.
- This creates a H+ and electron gradient.
- The movements of these H+ ions and e- will catalyze the formation of 32 ATPs.
- Oxygen will bind with the H+ ions and e- to form water.
