Gestational Conditions - Part 2 Flashcards
Other names for Incompetent Cervix
insufficient cervix, premature cervical dilatation
A condition that occurs when weak cervical tissue causes or contributes to premature birth or the loss of an otherwise healthy pregnancy
Incompetent Cervix
- 2nd trimester bleeding
- Painless dilatation
- Cervix might begin to open too soon
Incompetent Cervix
A/An ______ can be difficult to diagnose
- preventive medication during pregnancy
- frequent ultrasounds
- a procedure that closes the cervix with strong sutures (cervical cerclage)
Incompetent Cervix
Incompetent Cervix starts at week ___ to week ___ of pregnancy
15 to week 20
Incompetent Cervix: Symptoms
- Sensation of pelvic pressure
- Backache
- Mild abdominal cramps
- Change in vaginal discharge
- Light vaginal bleeding (pink-stained)
- Uterine contraction follows
Incompetent Cervix: Risk Factors
- Congenital conditions
- Uterine abnormalities
- genetic disorders affecting a fibrous type of protein
- Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
- Increased maternal age
- Obstetric trauma
- If you experienced a cervical tear during a previous labor and delivery
- Certain cervical procedures
Incompetent Cervix: Complications
- Premature birth
- low birth weight
- breathing difficulties
- underdeveloped organs
- higher risk of learning disabilities and behavioral problems
- Pregnancy loss
Incompetent Cervix: Treatment and Drugs
- Progesterone supplementation
- Serial ultrasounds
- Cervical cerclage
- McDonald
- Shirodkar
- Pessary
Incompetent Cervix: Prevention
- Regular prenatal care
- Eat a healthy diet
- Gain weight wisely
- Avoid risky substances
Types of Placenta Previa
- Marginal
- Partial
- Complete
The placenta is next to cervix but does not cover the opening
Marginal
The placenta covers part of the cervical opening
Partial
The placenta covers all of the cervical opening
Complete
Placenta Previa: Causes
- Abnormally shaped uterus
- Many previous pregnancies
- Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.)
- Scarring on the lining of the uterus, due to history of surgery, CS previous pregnancy
Placenta Previa: Symptoms
- Sudden painless bleeding from the vagina
- Some women have cramps
- Labor sometimes starts within several days of heavy bleeding
- Sometimes, bleeding may not occur until after labor starts
Placenta Previa: Diagnostics
Ultrasound
Placenta Previa: Treatment
- After 36 weeks
- delivery of the baby - C-section
- if placenta covers all or part of the cervix - Blood transfusions
- Medicines to prevent early labor
- Medicines to help pregnancy continue to at least 36 weeks
- Shot of special medicine called Rhogam if your blood type is Rh-negative
- Steroid shots to help the baby’s lungs mature
Placenta Previa: Treatment (If the placenta is near or covering a part of the cervix)
- Reducing your activities
- Bed rest
- Pelvic rest (no sex, no tampons, and no douching)
Other names for Placenta Abruptio
Premature separation of placenta
Ablatio placentae
Abruptio placentae
Placental abruption
- Separation of the placenta before the baby is delivered
- Occurs in about 1 out of 150 deliveries
- third trimester bleeding
Placenta Abruptio
Placenta Abruptio: Causes
- Short umbilical cord
- chorioamnionitis
- Direct causes are rare, but include:
- Injury to the belly area
- Sudden loss of uterine volume
Placenta Abruptio: Risk factors
- Blood clotting disorders (thrombophilias)
- Cigarette smoking
- Cocaine use
- Diabetes
- Drinking more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week during pregnancy
- High blood pressure during pregnancy History of placenta abruptio
- Increased uterine distention
- Large number of past deliveries
- Older mother
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Uterine fibroids
Blood clotting disorders
Thrombophilias