Gestalt Psychology Flashcards
It was the initial cognitive response to behaviorism.
Gestalt theory
It emphasized the importance of sensory wholes and the dynamic nature of visual perception
Gestalt Theory
The term gestalt means ?
“form” or “configuration.”
Who are the Psychologists that studied perception and concluded that perceivers (or learners) are not passive, but rather active.
Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka
Who are the Psychologists that studied perception and concluded that perceivers (or learners) are not passive, but rather active.
Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka
They suggested that learners do not just collect information as is but they actively process and restructure data in order to understand it.
Gestalt Theory
This is the perceptual process. Certain factors impact on this perceptual process. Factors like past experiences, needs, attitudes and one’s present situation can affect their perception.
Gestalt Theory
According to the gestalt psychologists, the way we form our perceptions are guided by certain principles or laws. These principles or laws determine what we see or make of things or situation we meet.
Gestalt Principles
Elements that are closer together will be perceived as a coherent object. On the left, there appears to be three columns, while on the right, there appears to be three horizontal rows. When objects we are perceiving are near each other, we perceive them as belonging together.
Law of Proximity
Elements that look similar will be perceived as part of the same form. There seems to be a triangle in the square. We link similar elements together.
Law of Similarity
We tend to fill the gaps or close” the figures we perceive. We enclose a space by completing a contour and ignoring gaps in the figure.
Law of Closure
Individuals have the tendency to continue contours whenever the elements of the pattern establish an implied direction. People tend to draw a good continuous line.
Law of Good Continuation
The stimulus will be organized into as good a figure as possible. In this example, good refers to symmetry, simplicity and regularity. The figure is perceived as a square overlapping a triangle, not a combination of several complicated shapes. Based on our experiences with perception, we “expect” certain patterns and therefore perceive that expected pattern.
Law of Good Pragnanz
It was first developed by Wolfgang Kohler in which he described experiments with apes where the apes could use boxes and sticks as tools to solve problems. In the box problem, a banana is attached to the top of a chimpanzee’s cage.
Insight learning
The idea of insight learning was first developed by ?
Wolfgang Kohler
Gestalt psychology adheres to the idea of learning taking place by ?
Discovery learning
In each of these problems the important aspect of learning was not reinforcement but the coordination of thinking to create new organizations of materials. Kohler referred to this behavior as??
insight learning or discovery learning.
This could occur without reinforcement and once it occurs, no review, training or investigation necessary.
Insight learning
The six gestalt principles not only influence perception, but they also impact on learning. Other psychologists like ______expounded on Gestalt psychology. His theory focusing on “life space adhered to gestalt psychology”.
Kurt Lewin
It include his own motivation, attitudes, and feelings.
Inner forces
It may include the attitude and behavior of the teacher and classmates.
Outer forces
an Italian psychologist, writes about the relevance of gestalt psychology to education.
Mario Polito
He said that an individual has inner and outer forces that affect his perceptions and also his learning.
Kurt Lewin
is focused on the experience of contact that occurs in the here and now. It considers with interest the life space of teachers as well as students.
Gestalt theory
