Gestalt and Interpersonal Therapy

Question 1

Which of the following individuals and his collaborators founded Gestalt therapy?

Answer 1

Fritz Perls

Question 2

The idea that individuals are growth-oriented, self-regulating, and only understandable within
the context of their environment is known as

Answer 2

holism

Question 3

A set of mutually interdependent elements is referred to as a

Answer 3

field

Question 4

Five years later, a patient remains negatively affected by the murder of a friend. A Gestalt
therapist would say the patients current field is being affected by the

Answer 4

memory of the event

Question 5

The paradoxical theory of change states that individuals

Answer 5

will stay the same when attempting to become who they are not

Question 6

The Gestalt term describing an individuals ability to focus on the here and now is

Answer 6

contact.

Question 7

In contrast to psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy emphasized the

Answer 7

potential of the here and now.

Question 8

In contrast to the theoretical foundations, changes in Gestalt therapy and psychoanalysis
have occurred with both approaches now emphasizing

Answer 8

self in relation to others.

Question 9

Although similar in some ways to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and cognitive
therapy (CT), a Gestalt therapist

Answer 9

does not imply that he or she knows the rational way to think.

Question 10

Wilhelm Reich described how individuals often engage in repetitive experiences, behaviors,
and body postures that keep them fixed in roles. He referred to this concept as

Answer 10

character armor.

Question 11

The word Gestalt is analogous with

Answer 11

perceptual whole.

Question 12

The phenomenological perspective asserts that all reality is

Answer 12

subjectively interpreted.

Question 13

Which of the following would be inconsistent with the dialogic relationship?

Answer 13

Therapist control of the outcome

Question 14

Objective reality, as defined by a Gestalt therapist, is

Answer 14

nonexistent.

Question 15

The purpose of a boundary is to

Answer 15

separate and connect us to others.

Question 16

According to Gestalt therapy, psychological adjustment requires

Answer 16

an awareness of our need states.

Question 17

A parent and a child become so enmeshed that the child can no longer experience a sense
of separate identity. This is known as

Answer 17

confluence.

Question 18

While receiving constructive criticism, Sally is able to accept the opinions of her mother that
are helpful and discard those that are not beneficial. Sally is demonstrating

Answer 18

assimilation.

Question 19

After receiving a pay raise, Danny wants to celebrate with others. Instead, he buys
champagne and celebrates alone because he has no close friends. This reflects the boundary
disturbance of

Answer 19

retroflection.

Question 20

Achieving a balance between individual needs and the environment reflects

Answer 20

creative adjustment.

Question 21

Research inevitably finds that relational conditions such as acceptance, warmth, and
genuineness on the part of the therapist are important predictors contributing to what successful
therapeutic style?

Answer 21

Dialogic relationship

Question 22

A Gestalt therapist would view resistance as

Answer 22

an attempt to maintain psychological integrity.

Question 23

In treating anxiety, a Gestalt therapist is most likely to

Answer 23

teach the patient to breathe more fully.

Question 24

When a patient remains stuck in nonfunctional ways of thinking and behaving, a Gestalt
therapist would say the patient is experiencing

Answer 24

an impasse.

Question 25

The primary goal of Gestalt therapy is

Answer 25

increased awareness.

Question 26

The primary emphasis of Gestalt therapy is on the

Answer 26

present.

Question 27

If a psychoanalytic therapist observed a Gestalt therapist in action, he or she might be
concerned about the therapists

Answer 27

degree of self-disclosure.

Question 28

Gestalt therapys empty-chair technique, in which a patient is encouraged to express
feelings to others or themselves in a symbolic manner, would be an example of

Answer 28

enactment.

Question 29

What results from the creative adjustment that occurs in a context of environmental
possibility?

Answer 29

Health and maturity

Question 30

Circular causality refers to interactions that are

Answer 30

reciprocating.

Question 31

The developers of interpersonal therapy were

Answer 31

Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman.

Question 32

Interpersonal therapy developed as part of a

Answer 32

a therapy arm for a clinical trial evaluating antidepressant efficacy.

Question 33

A group of four interpersonal problem areas that has become the focus of IPT is known as

Answer 33

depressogenic triggers.

Question 34

In contrast to the homework given in a cognitive therapy session, an interpersonal therapist
will

Answer 34

be less prescriptive overall across therapy.

Question 35

In describing depression to a patient, an interpersonal therapist would explain that

Answer 35

genetic, personality, and early childhood factors contribute to depression, but symptoms are
be triggered by stress, usually of an interpersonal nature.

Question 36

Interpersonal therapists prescribe a sick role to patients. This means that

Answer 36

depression is a treatable medical problem, not a personal failing.

Question 37

The goal of prescribing a sick role to a patient in interpersonal therapy is to

Answer 37

demystify the symptoms and engage the patient.

Question 38

What type of therapy focuses heavily on early childhood experiences as determinants of
unconscious mental processes and intrapsychic conflict?

Answer 38

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Question 39

Who has been an important figure in a 1978 study to measure of relative risk to examine the
impact of stressful life events on depression?

Answer 39

Eugene Paykel

Question 40

If a patient was in a depressive phase of his or her bipolar disorder, an interpersonal
therapist would

Answer 40

treat the depressive phase in a similar manner to unipolar depression.

Question 41

The typical length of interpersonal therapy for depression for an adult would be

Answer 41

16 sessions.

Question 42

In which phase of interpersonal therapy would the clinician focus on helping the patient
identify ways that depression has affected his or her interpersonal relationships as well as how
his or her interpersonal relationships have impacted his or her depression?

Answer 42

Initial

Question 43

In the early 20th century, Adolph Meyer recommended the use of a life chart with patients.
A life chart

Answer 43

: tracked the relationships between life history, physical and psychological illnesses, and
stressful events.

Question 44

In response to an insensitive or unavailable caregiver, an individual might develop which
type of attachment style according to Mary Ainsworths theory?

Answer 44

Ambivalent-insecure

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true about affectional bonds, as described by John
Bowlby?

Answer 45

Humans have an innate need for affectional bonds.

Question 46

In the Uganda culture, it is highly likely that a depressed individual would

Answer 46

not appreciate assistance for depression when it was provided.

Question 47

Interpersonal therapy-evaluation, support, triage (IPT-EST) is designed to

Answer 47

offer a three-session intervention based on rapid diagnosis and treatment.

Question 48

The evidence for the efficacy of IPT remains varied for other adaptations but is strongest for

Answer 48

mood disorders.

Question 49

Which statement accurately describes the theory of personality that drives interpersonal
therapy?

Answer 49

A theory of personality is not directly relevant to interpersonal therapy.

Question 50

For which minorities in the United States has the most efficacy been in clinical trials of IPT?

Answer 50

Black and Hispanic groups

Question 51

Which studies have helped clarify the role of life events in the complex matrix of factors that
coincide in the development of psychiatric disorders?

Answer 51

Epidemiological studies

Question 52

Which study showed the 5-HTT genotype moderated the depressogenic influence of
adverse life events?

Answer 52

Gene X environment interaction

Question 53

During which phase of treatment does the majority of the interpersonal work take place?

Answer 53

Middle phase

Question 54

In contrast to interpersonal therapy for adults, interpersonal therapy for adolescents

Answer 54

uses telephone contacts more frequently.

Question 55

An interpersonal therapist and patient should collaboratively identify how many problem areas to address over the course of treatment?

Answer 55

One to two (to stay focused)

Question 56

During which phase of treatment do therapists evaluate patients depressive symptoms with
them to determine if they are full or partial responders?

Answer 56

Termination phase

Question 57

In 2013, who proposed four specific mechanisms for changes in IPT?

Answer 57

Lipsitz and Markowitz

Question 58

Research studies that evaluate the effects of a treatment within a relatively homogenous
group, under optimal clinical circumstances, and with the therapy performed by highly trained
experts are called

Answer 58

efficacy testing.

Question 59

Patients with high attachment avoidance and depression

Answer 59

tend to fare better in cognitive therapy.

Question 60

The data on baseline depressive severity as a moderator of treatment suggest that

Answer 60

the research is equivocal on baseline levels of depression as moderators.

Question 61

Conjoint interpersonal psychotherapy for depression has demonstrated that

Answer 61

conjoint interpersonal therapy leads to greater marital satisfaction.

Question 62

Okwekubagiza, a term from Uganda, refers to

Answer 62

self-pity.

Question 63

In the randomized clinical trial evaluating modified interpersonal group psychotherapy (IPT-
G) for depression in Southwest Uganda,

Answer 63

IPT-G was more effective than the control condition.

Question 64

In a study using interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for treating depression in adolescents
living in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Northern Uganda,

Answer 64

IPT performed better than both the creative play and wait list control.

Question 65

The World Health Organizations task shifting model refers to

Answer 65

delegating tasks to less specialized local health workers.