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Theories > Gestalt > Flashcards

Gestalt Flashcards

1
Q

People associated with Gestalt therapy?

A

Fritz Perls, Laura Perls, Paul Goodman

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2
Q

Background:

A

“oriented to fostering growth rather than remediating pathology” aka: experiencing things in the moment

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3
Q

Phenomenology:

A
  • our interpretation of our immediate experiences creates our reality
  • objective reality cannot be known
  • we perceive through the personal bias of our CURRENT need
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4
Q

Holistic:

A

humans are self-regulating, cannot be understood apart from their environment, cannot break the psyche into parts

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5
Q

Gestalt & Field Theory:

A

perceive in wholes; perceive through contrast (ex: happy/sad); can only perceive one clear figure at a time

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6
Q

What is the function (motivation) of the psyche?

A
  1. participate continuously in a self-regulation process of need fulfillment aimed at maintaining organismic balance (ex: whack a mole)
  2. Organismic self-regulation
  3. fulfillment of one’s positive potential
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7
Q

Organismic balance:

A
  • needs arise as FIGURE from the GROUND
  • organism mobilizes energy to satisfy need
  • if satisfied, the FIGURE recedes as a new figure emerges
  • dynamic process
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8
Q

Organismic self-regulation:

A
  • strive for balance in meeting of your own needs, attending to figures
  • requires knowing & owning, identifying with what one senses, feels emotionally, observe, needs or wants, & believes (organismic experience)
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9
Q

What is the structure of the psyche?

A
  1. Ground awareness
  2. Foreground
  3. Psyche contains potential for every human quality
  4. at birth, infant experiences self as undifferentiated from environment
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10
Q

What is ground awareness?

A
  • all phenomenologically perceived info.
  • personality structures: constant set of constructs, attitudes, & beliefs (thoughts) about the indv & env which exists as part of the person’s ground
  • elements are present in ground due to learning, including how to effectively fulfill needs
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11
Q

What is the foreground?

A

which the current need or figure emerges

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12
Q

The psyche contains potential for every human quality?

A
  • can become polarized
  • disowned aspects become chronically placed in ground-never become figure
  • ex: can be hitler or mother theresea
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13
Q

At birth, how does the infant experience self as undifferentiated from the environment?

A
  • does NOT mean separate or isolated from env

- an organism’s boundary belongs to BOTH the organism & the environment

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14
Q

Can the individual exist without interacting with the environment?

A

NO! The two are inextricably linked.

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15
Q

What is the counselor’s role?

A
  1. supportive & confrontational
  2. fully accept client in a manner with the paradoxical theory of change
  3. immediacy
  4. bring contact disturbances to client’s attention
  5. Here & Now–> facilitate dialog & contact
  6. therapist & client co-direct work of therapy
  7. self-disclosing: of immediate & personal experience
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16
Q

What is the clients role?

A
  1. attune oneself to the continuum of awareness
  2. commit to here & now
  3. own everything
  4. commit to meaningful dialog
  5. avoid questions
  6. take risks
  7. embrace personal responsibility
17
Q

What is the first stage?

A
  • orient client to the gestalt process of experiencing here & now
  • initiate contact between counselor & client
  • intro to experience of working with awareness within therapeutic dyad
18
Q

What is the second stage?

A

in-depth exploration of contact disturbances & denied awareness experienced in first stage

19
Q

Experiments & Techniques (used in stages 1 & 2)

A
  • expected to be creative
  • try something new to increase understanding
  • techniques used as a tool for the purpose of establishing a continuum of awareness
  • techniques can be used as gimmicks
  • reversal: asks client to express polar opposite of any feeling, thought, or action
  • enactment: role playing
  • dialog: empty chair
  • focusing or directed awareness
  • creative expression: journal, art, poetry, etc.
  • guided fantasy & imagery
  • meditative techniques
20
Q

What is the third stage?

A

encourage client to test insight gained in session outside of session

21
Q

What is the fourth stage?

A
  • termination: counselor supports changes made

- not a linear process but ongoing process

22
Q

What is unhealthy functioning?

A

Not being aware of needs as they rise from the ground: (addictions, distraction, denial)

23
Q

Personality structures:

A

relatively constant set of constructs, attitudes, and

beliefs (thoughts) about the individual and environment which exists as part of the person’s ground.

24
Q

Responsibility for self:

A
  • For one’s thoughts, actions, & feelings
  • Refrain from taking responsibility for others’ thoughts, feelings, & behaviors (ex: placing emotional boundaries)
  • Key to maturation*
25
Q

When needs are not satisfied, what happens?

A

anxiety

26
Q

What are contact boundary disturbances?

A
  • contact boundary is “psychological skin”

- boundary may become too permeable, overly impermeable, or vacillating between the two

27
Q

What is introjection?

A

takes in both nutritious & toxic material (too permeable)

28
Q

What is projection?

A

sense of self is not contained but perceived in people & things in the env. (too permeable)

29
Q

What is confluence?

A

doesn’t distinguish between self & env. (too permeable) can be seen as dependency/pleasing

30
Q

What is retroflection?

A

refrain from self-expression, impulse turns back on self (anger, affection) (too permeable)

31
Q

A supportive environment:

A

when child attempts to meet need, environment provides what ever is needed

32
Q

Neglectful environment:

A

needs go unmet

33
Q

Toxic environment:

A
  • environment provides what is antithetical to child’s well-being
  • punishing a child for expressing a need
  • includes SHOULDS
  • major source of malnourishment

Theories (6 decks)

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