geschiedenis p46-55

Question 1

sparta, people?

Answer 1

Dorians

Question 2

Sparta, region?

Answer 2

Laconia

Question 3

Sparta, location?

Answer 3

Eartile valley of the eurotas river

Question 4

Why did the spartans conquer Laconia and Messenia?

Answer 4

population growth–> need for new farming lands

Question 5

why didn’t the spartans need colonies overseas?

Answer 5

the people of Laconia and Messenia remained subjected to Sparta–> Enough food production

Question 6

Why did Sparta focus so much on its army? give two reasons

Answer 6

1.forcing the subjected people (helts) to work in farming
2.crushing helot revolts

Question 7

give three important elements fo the strict ‘spartan education’

Answer 7

1.patriotism
2.disciplined, battles ready hopitals
3.training in the army from age 7 to age 30

Question 8

In wich sense was sparta ‘an isolated polis’

Answer 8

foreigners were not welcome

Question 9

how was sparta different from athens in its political history?

Answer 9

no step toward democracy
the nobility continued to hold power

Question 10

give three important government institutions in sparta

Answer 10

1. two kings
   2.the council of elders
   3.the people’s assembly

Question 11

where was persia?

Answer 11

+/- present-day Iran

Question 12

what was the underlying cause of the persian wars?

Answer 12

547 bc: the persions conquered asia minor, where teh greeks had colonies since +/- 800 bc

Question 13

what was the immedaite trigger for the persian wars?

Answer 13

499 bc: tevolt of greek poleis in asia minor against teh persians
492 bc: persian king darius sent teh persian armpy to greece

Question 14

what was teh first important battle in teh persian wars? who won?

Answer 14

490 bc: battle of marathon
the athenies defeat the persians

Question 15

what was the outcome of the battle of thermopylae?

Answer 15

480 bc: on land the persians led be xerxes defeated the spartans led by leonidas (but 20 000 persians dead)

Question 16

what was the outcome of the battle of salamis?

Answer 16

480 bc: at sea teh athenian fleet defeated the persian fleet

Question 17

which battle gave final victory to the greeks?

Answer 17

479 bc: battle of plateae
the greeks, who worked together, defeated teh persians

Question 18

which organization was formed by athens in 478 bc?

Answer 18

478 bc: the delian league

Question 19

teh delian league, how many members?

Answer 19

> 200 city-states

Question 20

the delian league, common goal?

Answer 20

standign together against teh persians

Question 21

the delian league, membership cost?

Answer 21

yearly payments to athens

Question 22

the delian league, army?

Answer 22

athenian fleet + army

Question 23

how did athens abuse its power after 454 bc? give an example

Answer 23

the league’s treasury was moved from delos to athens –> money from the league was used for buildings projects in athens –> reactions against this were crushed

Question 24

what do we mean by ‘athenian imperialism’?

Answer 24

a system in which a state controls other lands by conquering them or making them dependent

Question 25

why couldn't sparta do anything against athenian imperialism?

Answer 25

not enough money fear of helot revolts --> sparta focused on its own polis and the pelopenesos

Question 26

citizens

Answer 26

man (18+), athenian parents, free, right to vote + political power, right of ownership, pay taxes and military service

Question 27

wives of citizens

Answer 27

athenian parent, free, limited rights under a male guardian

Question 28

foreigners

Answer 28

free, pay taxes and military service

Question 29

slaves

Answer 29

nothing

Question 30

what was the greek word for 'foreigners'?

Answer 30

metoikoi

Question 31

foreigners had an important role in the economy. which kinds of jobs did they do?

Answer 31

traders, banker, carftsmen

Question 32

how could you become a slave? give four possibilities

Answer 32

1.born as the child of a slave 2.kidnapped 3.taken as a prisoner of war 4.unable to pay your debts

Question 33

private slaves

Answer 33

a master - rented out to mines, ships, etc. + in the household of their masters

Question 34

state slaves

Answer 34

the polis - public works (eg building roads) + in police or administration

Question 35

which political change took place in athens between 8th and 6th century bc? explain

Answer 35

8th century bc:land nobility held power (digarchy) 6th century bc: money nobility also shared in power 508 bc: democracy, the people held power

Question 36

why do we say athenian democracy was limited?

Answer 36

woman, foreigners and slaves dit not share in power

Question 37

council of 500

Answer 37

* managing daily goverment

Question 38

strategoi

Answer 38

*leaders of athens * leaders of the army

Question 39

ten people's courts

Answer 39

*responsible for trails * under the leadership of archons

Question 40

people's assembly

Answer 40

*right to speak for all citizens * 40 meetings per year * voting on laws * decinding on war or peace * electing and punishing leaders

Question 41

how did pericles manage to get more poor people involved in the business of ruling athens

Answer 41

pericles gave a salary to people who were in office

Question 42

for what did pericles use the money of the delian league?

Answer 42

he used the money to build a big was fleet. this secured the grain imports to athens. 'golden age' of athenian trade.

Question 43

give two important elements of the cultural 'golden age' of athens

Answer 43

1. the parthenon temple on the acropolis was built 2. many excellent artists, architicts, writers, scientists, etc. came to athens.