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Gero Exam 11 > Gero Exam 11 > Flashcards

Gero Exam 11 Flashcards

1
Q

All exercise programs should include

A

Cardiovascular endurance
Flexibility
Strength training

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2
Q

Protein helps

A

Skin and healing

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3
Q

Indications of neuro issues

A 
New headaches that occur early in morning or interrupt sleep
Change in vision 
Sudden deafness or ringing in ears
Change in mood or personality 
Clumsiness or unsteady gate
Numbness or tingling in extremeties 
Unusual sensation or pain over nerves
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4
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Affects ability of CNs to control body movements
It occurs when dopamine producing neurons die or become impaired
More common in men
Occurs most freq after 5th decade but it usually diagnosed in 7th decade
People with this have Lewy body in the brain
Tremors
Shuffling gait

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5
Q

Tx for Parkinson’s

A

Anticholenergics may be prescribed
These can exacerbate glaucoma

Carvidopa/levdopa (sinemet)

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6
Q

These nutrients promote eye health

A 
Zinc 
Selenium
Vit c
Vit a
Vit e
Riboflavin
Ginko
Biloba
Flavonoid
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7
Q

Cataracts

A

Clouding of lens and loss of transparency
Leading cause of low vision in older adults
Dm and blue eyes are two major risk factors
Pt may see halos around objects

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8
Q

Glaucoma

A

Second leading cause of blindness
Most preventable cause of blindness
Peripheral vision goes first and then central

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9
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Most common cause of blindness

Can’t see central vision just peripheral

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10
Q

Hearing aid care

A

Turn off aid and remove battery when the aid is not being worn.
Store it in safe padded container
Clean aid weekly do not use alcohol
Keep several new batteries available

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11
Q

Renal function

A

Decreases

ACTH secretion decreases

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12
Q

Skin inspection ABCD

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularly
Color
Diameter

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13
Q

Stage one pressure ulcer

A

Redness without break in skin that does not disappear when pressure is relieved

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14
Q

Stage two pressure ulcer

A

Partial thickness loss of skin layers involving the epidermis that presents clinically as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater

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15
Q

Stage three pressure ulcer

A

Full thickness loss exposing sub tissue

Presents as deep crater with or without undermining adjacent tissue

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16
Q

Stage four pressure ulcer

A

A full thickness of skin and sub tissue is lost exposing muscle bone or both
Presents as deep crater that may include neurotoxin tissue

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17
Q

Wet vs dry macular degeneration

A

Dry is prevalent and progresses more slowly than wet

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18
Q

Do older adults need more or less calories

A

Less calories

Quality is more important than quantity

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19
Q

Dietary fats

A

Should be less than 30% of calories

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20
Q

Soluble fiber

A

Important

Lowers serum cholesterol and improves glucose tolerance

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21
Q

Carbs

A

Reduce intake

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22
Q

Protein

A

Should be 10-20 percent of calories

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23
Q

Fluid

A

1500 ml minimum

Intercellular fluid decreases

24
Q

Constipation

A

Very common
Prevent this by giving fiber but not too much or it will cause bowel obstruction
Don’t use laxatives

25
Q

Mini nutritional assessment

A

Screening tool used to identify older adults who are malnourished or a risk of malnutrition

26
Q

Sleep cycle

A

Wake up more than younger adult
More time spent in 1-2
Usually don’t have dreams

27
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Five episodes of cessation of breathing lasting 10 seconds

Supine sleep is no good

28
Q

Pittsburg sleep quality index

A

Used to measure quality and patterns of sleep in the older adult

29
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Progressive deterioration of joint cartilage with the formation of new bone at the joint surface
Leading cause of physical disability in older adults
Women more than men

Tx- acetaminophen

30
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Most prevalent metabolic disease of bone
High incidence in women
Often a symptomatic
Diagnosis- bone density test

Tx- supplements, estrogen etc
Fractures very common be careful

31
Q

Gout

A

Metabolic disorder in which excess UNIX acid accumulates in blood
Causes Uric acid crystals to be deposited around joints, causing severe pain and tenderness of joints and warmth, redness, swelling of surrounding tissue

Tx- aimed to reduce sodium urate through low purine diet. Avoid alcohol. Monitor pain and encourage good fluid intake

32
Q

Lighting

A

Less visual activity
No LeD lights,
Diffuse lights are better than bright lights
Soft red night lights are best

33
Q

Temperature

A

Older adults have lower than normal body temp

Recommended room temp is 75

34
Q

Bathroom hazards

A 
Lighting
Floor surface
Facets 
Tubs and shower stalls
Low toilets 
Electrical appliances
35
Q

Fire hazards

A 
Risk for injury from burn 
Unattended pots and pans on stove 
Careless disposal of matches or cigs 
Space heaters should have automatic turn off
Fire places/ make sure chimney cleaning
36
Q

Falls

A

1/3 adults 75 and older fall each year

37
Q

Lawton instrumental ADL

A

Assess independent living skills

More advanced than ADLs

38
Q

Katz index of independence ADL

A

Assesses functional status as measurement of the clients ability to perform ADLs independently

39
Q

Biggest risk for safety is….

A

Sensory deficits

40
Q

Hendrich tool

A

Fall risk assessment tool

41
Q

Normal respiratory

A 
Easier to develop infections 
Reduced cough 
Lungs reduce in size and weight 
Decrease in elastic recoil 
Alveoli are less elastic 
Reduced vital capacity
Increased residual volume 
Brittle or loose teeth can be aspirated
42
Q

Promotion of resp health

A 
Remain 3 feet or more away from sick person 
Influenza and pneumonia vaccine 
Deep breathing exercises 
Immobility is major threat 
Smoking cessation
43
Q

Hot and spicy foods and air ways

A

These open airways

44
Q

Asthma

A

Can develop later in life
High rate of mortality in older adults

Medication education and compliance

45
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Persistent cough, productive cough
Wheezing, SOB, clear sticky and thick secretions

Encourage fluids and medication

46
Q

Emphysema

A

Caused from chronic bronchitis, smoking, chronic irritation
Wheezing, freq infections, needy, anxious, tired

Tx- bronchodilators, avoid stress

47
Q

Heart valves

A

Become thicker and rigid

48
Q

Aorta becomes

A

Dilated

49
Q

Is slight ventricular hyper trophy normal?

A

Yes

50
Q

Myocardial muscles

A

Become less efficient

51
Q

Contractile strength of heart

A

Decrease s

52
Q

Elasticity of heart vessels

A

Reduced

53
Q

Promotion of cardiac health

A 
Good lifestyle and diet 
Control cholesterol
Promote exercise 
Smoking cessation 
Manage stress 
Aerobic exercises, strength exercises, and balance 
Low dose aspirin daily
54
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

Prevalence increase with age

Signs differ with women- women may have teeth pain/jaw pain- usually don’t feel pressure or pain on chest

55
Q

Hypertension

A

Increases with age

Usually 140/90

56
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Usually effects smaller vessels farther from heart
Arteriosclerosis is common especially among those with dM
Diagnosed through arteriography, radiography

Tx- warmth, exercise, vasodilator a

57
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Pepsin decreases in the stomach causing a hard time to absorb protein.
Dramatic decrease in muscle and muscle strength
Promote activity

Gero Exam 11 (1 decks)

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