Gero Exam 11

Question 1

All exercise programs should include

Answer 1

Cardiovascular endurance
Flexibility
Strength training

Question 2

Protein helps

Answer 2

Skin and healing

Question 3

Indications of neuro issues

Answer 3

New headaches that occur early in morning or interrupt sleep
Change in vision 
Sudden deafness or ringing in ears
Change in mood or personality 
Clumsiness or unsteady gate
Numbness or tingling in extremeties 
Unusual sensation or pain over nerves

Question 4

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 4

Affects ability of CNs to control body movements
It occurs when dopamine producing neurons die or become impaired
More common in men
Occurs most freq after 5th decade but it usually diagnosed in 7th decade
People with this have Lewy body in the brain
Tremors
Shuffling gait

Question 5

Tx for Parkinson’s

Answer 5

Anticholenergics may be prescribed
These can exacerbate glaucoma

Carvidopa/levdopa (sinemet)

Question 6

These nutrients promote eye health

Answer 6

Zinc 
Selenium
Vit c
Vit a
Vit e
Riboflavin
Ginko
Biloba
Flavonoid

Question 7

Cataracts

Answer 7

Clouding of lens and loss of transparency
Leading cause of low vision in older adults
Dm and blue eyes are two major risk factors
Pt may see halos around objects

Question 8

Glaucoma

Answer 8

Second leading cause of blindness
Most preventable cause of blindness
Peripheral vision goes first and then central

Question 9

Macular degeneration

Answer 9

Most common cause of blindness

Can’t see central vision just peripheral

Question 10

Hearing aid care

Answer 10

Turn off aid and remove battery when the aid is not being worn.
Store it in safe padded container
Clean aid weekly do not use alcohol
Keep several new batteries available

Question 11

Renal function

Answer 11

Decreases

ACTH secretion decreases

Question 12

Skin inspection ABCD

Answer 12

Asymmetry
Border irregularly
Color
Diameter

Question 13

Stage one pressure ulcer

Answer 13

Redness without break in skin that does not disappear when pressure is relieved

Question 14

Stage two pressure ulcer

Answer 14

Partial thickness loss of skin layers involving the epidermis that presents clinically as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater

Question 15

Stage three pressure ulcer

Answer 15

Full thickness loss exposing sub tissue

Presents as deep crater with or without undermining adjacent tissue

Question 16

Stage four pressure ulcer

Answer 16

A full thickness of skin and sub tissue is lost exposing muscle bone or both
Presents as deep crater that may include neurotoxin tissue

Question 17

Wet vs dry macular degeneration

Answer 17

Dry is prevalent and progresses more slowly than wet

Question 18

Do older adults need more or less calories

Answer 18

Less calories

Quality is more important than quantity

Question 19

Dietary fats

Answer 19

Should be less than 30% of calories

Question 20

Soluble fiber

Answer 20

Important

Lowers serum cholesterol and improves glucose tolerance

Question 21

Carbs

Answer 21

Reduce intake

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

Should be 10-20 percent of calories

Question 23

Fluid

Answer 23

1500 ml minimum

Intercellular fluid decreases

Question 24

Constipation

Answer 24

Very common
Prevent this by giving fiber but not too much or it will cause bowel obstruction
Don’t use laxatives

Question 25

Mini nutritional assessment

Answer 25

Screening tool used to identify older adults who are malnourished or a risk of malnutrition

Question 26

Sleep cycle

Answer 26

Wake up more than younger adult More time spent in 1-2 Usually don't have dreams

Question 27

Sleep apnea

Answer 27

Five episodes of cessation of breathing lasting 10 seconds | Supine sleep is no good

Question 28

Pittsburg sleep quality index

Answer 28

Used to measure quality and patterns of sleep in the older adult

Question 29

Osteoarthritis

Answer 29

Progressive deterioration of joint cartilage with the formation of new bone at the joint surface Leading cause of physical disability in older adults Women more than men Tx- acetaminophen

Question 30

Osteoporosis

Answer 30

Most prevalent metabolic disease of bone High incidence in women Often a symptomatic Diagnosis- bone density test Tx- supplements, estrogen etc Fractures very common be careful

Question 31

Gout

Answer 31

Metabolic disorder in which excess UNIX acid accumulates in blood Causes Uric acid crystals to be deposited around joints, causing severe pain and tenderness of joints and warmth, redness, swelling of surrounding tissue Tx- aimed to reduce sodium urate through low purine diet. Avoid alcohol. Monitor pain and encourage good fluid intake

Question 32

Lighting

Answer 32

Less visual activity No LeD lights, Diffuse lights are better than bright lights Soft red night lights are best

Question 33

Temperature

Answer 33

Older adults have lower than normal body temp | Recommended room temp is 75

Question 34

Bathroom hazards

Answer 34

``` Lighting Floor surface Facets Tubs and shower stalls Low toilets Electrical appliances ```

Question 35

Fire hazards

Answer 35

``` Risk for injury from burn Unattended pots and pans on stove Careless disposal of matches or cigs Space heaters should have automatic turn off Fire places/ make sure chimney cleaning ```

Question 36

Falls

Answer 36

1/3 adults 75 and older fall each year

Question 37

Lawton instrumental ADL

Answer 37

Assess independent living skills | More advanced than ADLs

Question 38

Katz index of independence ADL

Answer 38

Assesses functional status as measurement of the clients ability to perform ADLs independently

Question 39

Biggest risk for safety is....

Answer 39

Sensory deficits

Question 40

Hendrich tool

Answer 40

Fall risk assessment tool

Question 41

Normal respiratory

Answer 41

``` Easier to develop infections Reduced cough Lungs reduce in size and weight Decrease in elastic recoil Alveoli are less elastic Reduced vital capacity Increased residual volume Brittle or loose teeth can be aspirated ```

Question 42

Promotion of resp health

Answer 42

``` Remain 3 feet or more away from sick person Influenza and pneumonia vaccine Deep breathing exercises Immobility is major threat Smoking cessation ```

Question 43

Hot and spicy foods and air ways

Answer 43

These open airways

Question 44

Asthma

Answer 44

Can develop later in life High rate of mortality in older adults Medication education and compliance

Question 45

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 45

Persistent cough, productive cough Wheezing, SOB, clear sticky and thick secretions Encourage fluids and medication

Question 46

Emphysema

Answer 46

Caused from chronic bronchitis, smoking, chronic irritation Wheezing, freq infections, needy, anxious, tired Tx- bronchodilators, avoid stress

Question 47

Heart valves

Answer 47

Become thicker and rigid

Question 48

Aorta becomes

Answer 48

Dilated

Question 49

Is slight ventricular hyper trophy normal?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Myocardial muscles

Answer 50

Become less efficient

Question 51

Contractile strength of heart

Answer 51

Decrease s

Question 52

Elasticity of heart vessels

Answer 52

Reduced

Question 53

Promotion of cardiac health

Answer 53

``` Good lifestyle and diet Control cholesterol Promote exercise Smoking cessation Manage stress Aerobic exercises, strength exercises, and balance Low dose aspirin daily ```

Question 54

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 54

Prevalence increase with age | Signs differ with women- women may have teeth pain/jaw pain- usually don't feel pressure or pain on chest

Question 55

Hypertension

Answer 55

Increases with age | Usually 140/90

Question 56

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 56

Usually effects smaller vessels farther from heart Arteriosclerosis is common especially among those with dM Diagnosed through arteriography, radiography Tx- warmth, exercise, vasodilator a

Question 57

Sarcopenia

Answer 57

Pepsin decreases in the stomach causing a hard time to absorb protein. Dramatic decrease in muscle and muscle strength Promote activity