Gero 28 Flashcards
Defined benefit plan
Also known as a pension A defined-benefit plan is an employer-sponsored retirement plan where employee benefits are computed using a formula that considers several factors, such as length of employment and salary history. The company administers portfolio management and investment risk for the plan. There are also restrictions on when and by what method an employee can withdraw funds without penalties. The Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation helps to maintain pension commitments by bankrupt corporations. Make up about 20% of the income of an elder person typically in the upper two income quartiles of the population
Defined contribution plan
Also known as 401K A defined-contribution plan is retirement plan that’s typically tax-deferred, like a 401(k) or a 403(b), in which employees contribute a fixed amount or a percentage of their paychecks in an account that is intended to fund their retirements. The sponsor company will generally match a portion of employee contributions as an added benefit to help retain and attract top talent. These plans place restrictions that control when and how each employee can withdraw from these accounts without penalties.
Delirium/Dementia (difference)
Dementia develops over time, with a slow progression of cognitive decline. Delirium occurs abruptly, and symptoms can fluctuate during the day. The hallmark separating delirium from underlying dementia is inattention. The individual simply cannot focus on one idea or task. Delirium often is unrecognized by healthcare professionals because changes in behavior in persons with dementia (such as agitation or sun downing) may be attributed to the dementia disease process, versus an acute problem.
Dementia
Dementia is not a specific disease. It’s an overall term that describes a group of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person’s ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of cases. Biologically it is the result of abnormal protein handling Affects areas such as cognition, problem solving, language, motor skills, or executive brain functioning
Dependent vaiable
“Outcome variable” It is something that depends on other factors. For example, a test score could be a dependent variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before you took the test, or even how hungry you were when you took it. Usually when you are looking for a relationship between two things you are trying to find out what makes the dependent variable change the way it does.
Depression (clinical depression)
A set of symptoms that includes depressed mood, loss of interest in pleasurable activity, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, difficulty concentrating, may cause suicidal ideation. Suicide rate for elder with men double most groups; 59/100,00
Descriptive statistics
Used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data
Diabetus melitus Type 1
Juvenile onset or insulin dependent An autoimmune condition. It’s caused by the body attacking its own pancreas with antibodies. In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn’t make insulin. This type of diabetes may be caused by a genetic predisposition. It could also be the result of faulty beta cells in the pancreas that normally produce insulin
Diabetus melitus Type 2
By far, the most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes, accounting for 95% of diabetes cases in adults. Some 26 million American adults have been diagnosed with the disease. Type 2 diabetes was also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body’s needs, or the body’s cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.
Diabetic retinopathy
700,000 US affected, blood vessels leak fluid into retina blurring vision Causes - diabetes, poor blood sugar control, high blood pressure, fat in blood Symptoms: blurred vision, floaters and shadows Treatment - blood glucose control, laser, vitrecotomy
Double blind
A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results. Double-blind studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.
Drug interactions
A drug interaction is a reaction between two (or more) drugs or between a drug and a food or beverage. Taking a drug while having certain medical conditions can also cause a drug interaction. For example, taking a nasal decongestant if you have high blood pressure may cause an unwanted reaction. A drug interaction can decrease or increase the action of a drug or cause unwanted side effects.
Dual eligibility
When an individual qualifies for both Medicare and Medicaid.
Dying trajectory
“Trajectories of dying” were first articulated by researchers at the Institute of Medicine in the late 1990s as a conceptual framework for understanding the experience of illness and dying in America today. The trajectories map the course of decline in terms of “shape” and “duration” – the particular path the illness takes toward death and the speed with which it progresses (Field & Cassell, 1997).
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallwoing caused by many different things