Gero 21 Flashcards
Stereotype content model
Fishe et al (2002) all group stereotypes and interpersonal impressions form along two dimensions: (1) warmth and (2) competence.
Positivity effect
Mather and Corstenson (2005) Corenson (2003) The “positivity effect” refers to an age-related trend that favors positive over negative stimuli in cognitive processing. Relative to their younger counterparts, older people attend to and remember more positive than negative information. Since the effect was initially identified and the conceptual basis articulated (Mather and Carstensen, 2005) scores of independent replications and related findings have appeared in the literature
Scaffolding theory of aging and cognition
Park and Rueter Lorenze (2009) STAC provides an integrative view of the aging mind, suggesting that pervasive increased frontal activation with age is a marker of an adaptive brain that engages in compensatory scaffolding in response to the challenges posed by declining neural structures and function. Scaffolding is a normal process present across the lifespan that involves use and development of complementary, alternative neural circuits to achieve a particular cognitive goal.
Theories
Benston et al (2009) Help gerontolosists to: Integrate knowledge from range of disciplines Explain phenomena Predict what may happen Determine how to help Gain cumulative understanding Avoid reinventing the wheel
Convoy Model
Antonucci et al (2013) Provided a useful framework in the study of aging, especially for understanding predictors and consequences of social relations across the life course. Individuals are surrounded by supportive others who move with them throughout the life course
Village model
A growing option for aging in place Neighborhood residents create villages to help coordinate and deliver services and supports within their communities This consumer-driven and person-centered approach can help delay or even prevent the need for institutional care.
No wrong door
Designed to coordinate state and local long term care planning efforts and to harness technology by creating a web portal to serve as a one-stop resource for consumers and service providers. A collaborative public/private effort that connects public and private agencies and providers through the development of singe, coordinated systems of information, referral, and access to aging and disability long-term support services.
Aging clock theory
Non-stochastic Developed by Vladimir Dilman, the neuroendocrine theory of aging states that “The effectiveness of the body’s homeostatic adjustments declines with aging—leading to the failure of adaptive mechanisms, aging, and death.” Consistent with this theory, the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA), the main regulatory system controlling homeostasis in humans, loses efficiency with aging resulting in increases in the number and severity of pathologic responses to changes in the body system, and a decline in many physiologic functions.
ADME
Absorption: when a drug is released from its formulation/admin site and enters the bloodstream Distribution: the movement of a druge once it is in the bloodstream Metabolism: the body using the drug and giving off a byproduct Excretion: Getting rid of the byproduct
Personal care
Long-term care maintenance or support services necessary to enable a recipient to remain at or return home rather than enter a nursing care facility Aids assist with the recipient’s ADLS No doctor order required, private care Pros: cost effective, delivered at home, customer directed Cons: lightly regulated, quality questionable, social isolation, 24/7 expensive to use
Naturalistic observation/field study
Researchers attempt to study participants and observe their behaviors in their own environment/natural setting without disrupting them. The intention is to capture the participants real lives. External validity is higher but full manipulation of the Independent variable or dependent variable may not be possible.
Neuroplasticity
The brains ability to reorganize by forming new neural connections throughout life. Allows the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or to change their environment.
Non-adherence
Not taking medications or skipping doses Can result from high costs of medication, lack of understanding the purpose or use of the drug, or not having access to the medication needed.
Nonmaleficence
Principle that means to do no harm, refraining from potentially harming yourself or others
NORC (naturally occurring retirement communities)
Areas with substantial numbers of older adults who have aged in place.
