Gero 18 Flashcards
Memory care
Memory care is a special kind of care provided to those with varying degrees of dementia or Alzheimer’s. It involves creating a structured environment that has set schedules and routines in place to create a stress-free lifestyle, safety features to ensure the health of a senior, and programs designed to cultivate cognitive skills. High staff ratios: 1:8, more staff training Pros: safety, homelike, respite Cons: expensive, low quality staffing/pay, no evidence that residents benefit
Declarative memory
Memory of facts and events, and refers to those memories that can be consciously recalled (or “declared”). It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it consists of information that is explicitly stored and retrieved, although it is more properly a subset of explicit memory.
Non-declarative memory
Implicit memory (also called “nondeclarative” memory) is a type of long-term memory that stands in contrast to explicit memory in that it doesn’t require conscious thought. It allows you to do things by rote. This memory isn’t always easy to verbalize, since it flows effortlessly in our actions.
Episodic memory
Memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
Working memory
Working memory refers to the capacity to hold information briefly in memory while performing other mental operations on the information (Mirsky et al., 1995). It is as much an attentional function as a memory ability. Deficits in working memory are so frequently associated with executive function disorders that some neuropsychologists classify working memory with the executive functions. Tasks involving reversed operations, such as repeating a set of digits or spelling a word in reverse, examine working memory. Other working-memory tests ask the subject to give one kind of response – such as naming animals or counting backwards – while holding in memory three letters or a name.
Metabolic rate
Basal Metabolic Rate is the number of calories required to keep your body functioning at rest. BMR is also known as your body’s metabolism; therefore, any increase to your metabolic weight, such as exercise, will increase your BMR. To get your BMR, simply input your height, gender, age and weight below. Once you’ve determined your BMR, you can begin to monitor how many calories a day you need to maintain or lose weight.
Micro-ageism
Personal disassociation with being an older person
Mode
The measurement of central tendency; the more frequently occurring score in the data set
Modernization theory
Modernization theory was formalized in social gerontology mainly through the work of sociologists. In 1972, Donald Cowgill and Lowell Holmes developed a theory of modernization as it related to aging and old age. Their position was that as societies modernized—undertaking the shift from farm and craft production within families to a dominantly industrial mode of production—repercussions of modernization would diminish the status of older people. Cowgill’s later theoretical refinements (1974) identified four key aspects of modernization that undermined the status of older people: health technology, economic and industrial technology, urbanization, and education. Read more: Status of Older People: Modernization - Modernization Theory And The Study Of Aging - Age, Social, Social, and Family - JRank Articles http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/1641/Status-Older-People-Modernization-Modernization-theory-study-aging.html#ixzz5RglSG8WuThis general model of the relationship between modernization and aging predicts a linear relationship between the status of older people and the degree of modernization experienced in a given society. According to this theory, the more modernized a society becomes, the more the status of older people declines. Modernization thus inevitably affects the entire social structure of newly modernized societies, including the position customarily held by its elderly community, regardless of when or where it occurred.
Social integration theory
Emily Durkheim (late 19th century) The means through which people interact, connect and validate each other within a community. Theory proposes that people experience mental, emotional, and physical benefits when they believe they are a contributing, accepted part of a collective. Improper social integration was linked to the health risks of prolonged isolation, including mental or physical illness and suicide.
Psychosocial Stages Theory
Erickson 1959 1 Stages 1.1 Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (oral-sensory, Infancy, under 2 years) 1.2 Will: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (muscular-anal, Toddlerhood, 2–4 years) 1.3 Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (locomotor-genital, Early Childhood, 5–8 years) 1.4 Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (latency, Middle Childhood, 9-12 years) 1.5 Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 13–19 years) 1.6 Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood, 20-39 years) 1.7 Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 40–59 years) 1.8 Wisdom: ego integrity vs. despair (Late Adulthood, 60 years and above)
Erickson’s Stage Theory of Development
Erik Erickson (1963) 8 stages through which a healthy developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. Middle adulthood 40-65 years - Generativity vs Stagnation - work and parenthood Maturity 65-death - Ego integrity vs. despair - relflection of life Old old - 80+ = death
Generativity
Erikson - Focus on the next generation : a concern for people besides self and family that usually develops during middle age especially : a need to nurture and guide younger people and contribute to the next generation —used in the psychology of Erik Erikson
Dimensions of personality
Goldberg - 1960’s Basically five personality traits: You might find it helpful to use the acronym OCEAN (openness - imagination, insight, broad range of interests, conscientiousness - high levels of thoughtfullness, organized, planful , extraversion - excitability, sociability, assertive, agreeableness - trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and neuroticism - instability,anxiety, sadness) when trying to remember the big five traits
Hayflick limit
Leonard Hayflick (1961) The Hayflick limit or Hayflick phenomenon is the number of times a normal human cell population will divide before cell division stops. The concept of the Hayflick limit was advanced by American anatomist Leonard Hayflick in 1961, at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US.
