Germany Depth Study- Life in Nazi Germany Flashcards
How did Hitler change the political system in Germany?
It changed from a democracy to a dictatorship.
What did Hitler want to do with Germany?
- A strong Germany-strong army, strong and prosperous economy. 2. A racial Germany-believed the Aryan race was superior. 3. The Volk or the people’s community-people would contribute to Germany, not their individual needs, loyal to Hitler, loyal to the people and loyal to Germany.
Who was in charge of Nazi propaganda?
Josef Goebbels (put in charge in 1928)
Who was in charge of the SS (Hitler’s private army)
Heinrich Himmler-in charge of the SS from 1929, put in charge of the police and the Gestapo in 1936. Set up the Death’s Head units and Einsatzgruppen of the SS who worked on labour camps and carried out mass-killings of the Jews
What does SS stand for?
Schutz Staffel which means protection squad-they were initially Hitler’s private army
How many members did the SS have by1939?
Himmler built it up from 50 to 240,000 members by 1939
What colour were the SS uniforms?
Black
What physical qualities did you have to have to become part of the SS?
You needed to physically fit and Aryan. They were very strict on the entry requirements, until 1936 even a tooth filling was enough to keep a man out of the SS.
What was the SS’ role in the Night of the Long Knives in 1934?
They helped to crush the SA-they were fiercely loyal to Hitler
What powers did the SS have?
When the Nazis took control, the SS started to terrorise and intimidate the German people into obedience. They had unlimited power to arrest people without trial, search houses and confiscate property. Later they ran the concentration camps.
What were the Waffen SS?
A fighting unit of the SS, their power soon rivalled the power of the army.
What did the Nazi party do with their opposition when they first came to power?
Put them in temporary prisons. These were often in remote rural areas where opponents were subjected to torture, hard labour and re-education.
Who controlled the concentration camps?
Heinrich Himmler
How had concentration camps changed by the late 1930s?
They were run by the Death’s Head units. They were now forced labour camps and often slave labour was used to make all kinds of goods. Some of these camps became death camps.
What was the Gestapo?
The secret police
Who rant the Gestapo before 1936?
Hermann Goering
Who took over the Gestapo in 1936?
Heinrich Himmler
What powers did the Gestapo have?
They had a network of informers, tapped telephones,, intercepted mail and spied on people. They could strike at anytime.
Who were the informers?
Each town was divided into blocks with a Nazi Block Warden who visited the block regularly. These local leaders were supposed to be the eyes and the ears of the party. They could report anyone showing signs of independent thinking.
How did Hitler control the law courts?
He made the judges take an oath of loyalty to him.
How did the Nazis use the law courts?
The law courts could be used by the Nazis against people who opposed them.
What crimes could be punishable by death from 1933?
Listening to foreign radio stations or publishing anti-government leaflets, telling an anti-Nazi joke, having sexual intercourse with a Jew.
What happened to Anti-Nazi newspapers?
They were shut down
Who told newspapers what angle to take on news and what pictures and stories to publish?
The Ministry of Propaganda
What was the Nuremberg Rally?
Large rally with 100,000 Nazis, 32,000 flags, 150 searchlights. This was a form of propaganda to portray an image or order, unity and power to the people.
What did the Nazi party burn as soon as they came to power?
They organised official book burnings. They destroyed books by Communists, Socialists, Jews, books written by anyone or contained anything they disproved of.
Who published all books during the Nazi regime?
The Ministry of Propaganda-controlled by Goebbels
What is propaganda?
Propaganda is presenting a one-sided viewpoint.
What was the ‘People’s Receiver’?
A cheap radio made by the Nazis that did not pick foreign broadcasts.
How many German households had a radio by 1939?
70%-These allowed Nazi propaganda radio broadcasts to be heard. For those who didn’t have a radio, loud speakers were put up in public squares.