Germany Depth Study Flashcards
1
Q
Who was the first chancellor of Germany?
A
Ebert
2
Q
The Reichstag were voted for by?
A
Proportional representation
3
Q
The constitution was….?
A
A set of written rules on how Germany should be run
4
Q
The president was elected every…?
A
7 years
5
Q
Between 1919 and 1923 Germany was?
A
Very unstable
6
Q
The spartacist revolt was in?
A
1919
7
Q
The Spartacist revolt was left or right wing ?
A
Left
8
Q
The Spartacist revolt happened because?
A
They wanted a communist revolution
9
Q
The leaders of the Spartacist revolt were?
A
Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
10
Q
The Kapp Putsch was left or right wing?
A
Right
11
Q
The Spartacist revolt was defeated by?
A
The Freikorp
12
Q
Who were the freikorp?
A
They were ex Wor,d War 1 soldiers who were right wing
13
Q
The Kapp putsch happened in which year?
A
1920
14
Q
The Kapp Putsch failed because?
A
The German people went on strike
15
Q
In what year did Germany fail to pay their reparations?
A
1922
16
Q
Who insisted that Germany must pay their reparations?
A
France
17
Q
When the Germans could not pay the reparations what did the French do?
A
Invaded the Ruhr
18
Q
Why was the Ruhr area important?
A
It was the centre of German industry and made them a lot of money
19
Q
How did Germany react to the invasion of the Ruhr?
A
They “passively resisted” meaning factories closed and the German economy grounded to a halt
20
Q
When did hyper inflation happen?
A
1923
21
Q
How does hyper inflation link to the invasion of the Ruhr?
A
The German government printed more money to pay the reparations and to pay the striking workers
22
Q
Who benefitted from hyper inflation?
A
Those in debt
23
Q
Who suffered from hyper-inflation most?
A
Pensioners and those on fixed incomes
24
Q
How did Stresemann solve hyper-inflation?
A
He stopped printing money and introduced the retenmark.
25
When did the French leave the Ruhr?
1925
26
Which three big events all happened in 1923?
Invasion of the Ruhr, hyper-inflation and the Munich putsch.
27
Who led the Munich Putsch?
Adolfo Hitler and General Ludendorff
28
Why did the Munich Putsch fail?
16 Nazi's were killed and it's two leaders were put on trial foreign treason
29
What did the Munich Putsch hope to achieve?
To over throw the government and democracy.
30
How long was Hitler sentenced to in prison?
5 years
31
How long did Hitler serve in prison?
9 months
32
What book did Hitler write in prison?
Mein Kamf
33
What does Mein Kamp mean?
My struggle
34
Why were 1924-1929 called the "golden years"?
Because Stresemann came into power and stabilised Germany
35
What was the Dawes Plan?
US loans
36
What year was the Dawes plan?
1924
37
What impact did the Dawes plan have?
Reparations easier to pay new investment in German industry and unemployment fell
38
Which groups of people still struggled even under Stresemann?
Farmers, small business men.
39
What was the Locarno Treaties?
An agreement to accept the borders set out in the T of V
40
What year were the Locarno Treaties signed?
1925
41
The signing of the Locarno Treaty saw German being allowed to join?
The League of Nations in 1926
42
Germany being allowed to join the League of Nations was important because?
It restored Germany's "great power" status
43
In the 1920's votes for the nazi's went?
Down
44
Membership of the Nazi party in the 1920's went?
Up
45
Give two examples of how culture flourished in the 1920s
-Bauhaus movement (new ideas about architecture) flourished
- cinema developed with famous German film stars
Theatre flourished
46
The Wall Street Crash happened in?
1929
47
Hyper inflation in 1923 is not the same as...?
The Wall Street Crash in 1929
48
What effect did the WSC have on Germany?
The Dawes Plan was recalled
German businesses closed
Millions lost jobs
49
Between 1928-1930 unemployment rose from 2.5 million to?
4 million
50
As unemployment rose what happened?
Votes for extremists went up
51
How did the depression help Hitler?
- it caused chaos
| - by 1932 unemployment reached 6 million, people felt let down by Weimar
52
Why did more people biting for the communists after 1930 help the Nazi party?
Middle class business men and farmers hated communism and so voted for the Nazi's as they were anti communist
53
Why was democracy difficult in the 1930's?
The Reichstag could not make decisions, so Hindenburg (president) made laws using his emergency powers
54
In 1932 Hitler ran for?
President and lost
55
The 1932 election was violent because?
Nazi's and communist fought on the streets. 100 people were killed.
56
In 1932 who had the largest party in the Reichstag?
The Nazi's
57
When Hitler asked to become chancellor in 1932, Hindenburg refused or accepted?
He refused
58
Hitler was eventually made chancellor because?
Hindenburg thought he could control him and he needed a chancellor who had the support of the Reichstag.
59
To increase his majority when he became chancellor Hitler persuaded Hindenburg that there should be another election. During the campaign what event happened?
The Reichstag fire
60
Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire in 1933?
The communists
61
What happened to the communists because of the Reichstag fire?
They were blamed, 4000 were arrested and banned the party from the Reichstag.
62
The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to?
Pass laws without going through the Reichstag for four years. Turning Germany from a democracy to a dictatorship.
63
What rival did Hitler have in the Nazi's by 1934?
Ernst Rohm leader of the SA
64
Why did Hitler need to get rid of Ernst Rohm?
He wanted the loyalty of the army who disliked Ernst Rohm. They would not support Hitler whilst Rohm was still in power.
65
What year was the Night of the Long Knives?
1934
66
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
When Hitler accused the SA of plotting against him. 400 SA members were killed as was Ernst Rohm.
67
The army in 1934 agreed to support Hitler if he?
Got rid of Rohm and started to re-arm Germany
68
Hindenburg died in?
1934 after the Night of the Long Knices
69
When Hibdenburg died, Hitler did what?
Combined the jobs of chancellor and president into the role of fuhrer.
70
Who was Hitler's minister of propaganda?
Goebbels
71
Give two examples of Propaganda in Hitler's Germany.
Newspaper censorship- only good stories about the Nazi's could be printed.
- cheap radios were produced for everyone but they could only tune into the government controlled station and had a limited range
- Pro- nazi rallies were organised
- They used sporting events to spread propaganda (1936 Olympics)
72
Who was targeted in negative propaganda by the Nazi's?
Jews, communists, any critics of Hitler or people who supported the T of V
73
When were all political parties except the Nazi's banned?
1933
74
The Gestapo were?
Hitler's secret police
75
The first concentration camps were set up for?
Anyone who opposed (went against) Hitler
76
How did Hitler control Education?
School text books were re-written to support Nazi ideas
Outside school pupils were encouraged to join Hitler Youth movements
Teachers had to join the German teachers league and follow the nazi curriculum
77
How was the church controlled by Hitler?
They had to sign a "concordat" (agreement) that they would not interfere with Hitler's business and in return Hitler would not interfere with church concerns
78
Hitler set up his own church called?
The Reich Church, it was not Christian and the bible and crosses were banned
79
Kinder, Kuche and Kirche stood for?
Children, kitchen and church
80
When women gave up their jobs they received?
Marriage loans
81
Were women allowed to be members of the reichstag?
No
82
Trade unions were banned and replaced with?
The DAF- workers were no longer allowed to leave their jobs without government permission and strikes were banned.
83
What was the Reich Labour. Service?
It was compulsory for young men and they had to do 6 months service for the government
84
What was strength through joy?
An organisation set up by the DAF to arrange leisure activities.
85
How does the Volkswagon link to nazi Germany?
It was the "people's car" and a scheme was created for workers to save up and but it
86
1n 1933 Jewish businesses were?
Boycotted
87
Jewish shops were signalled out by?
The Star of David and the word "Jude"
88
What were children taught about Jewish people in schools?
That they were unclean and responsible for the German defeat in WW1
89
Under the Nuremberg Laws, the following happened?
Jews were no longer German citizens
| Marriage between Jews and Aryans was not allowed
90
Kristallnacht happened in?
1938
91
Kristallnacht translates as?
Night of the broken glass
92
Kristallnacht was when?
Hitler ordered an attack on Jewish businesses. Thousands were attacked and 200 Jewish churches were burnt down
93
What year was the "final solution"?
1942
94
What was the "final solution"?
When a Hitler decided to kill all Jews in Europe
95
How many Jews were murdered by the Nazi's?
6 million
96
Did people oppose Hitler?
Yes
97
How did people oppose Hitler?
Many famous people fled Germany, some church leaders spoke out against Hitler but were arrested. There was also the famous July bomb plot.
98
What was the July Bomb plot?
Members of the army in 1944 tried to use a bomb to blow Hitler up. They failed, were arrested and executed.
99
How did Hitler try and solve unemployment?
- He created public works schemes e.g road building to improve Germany and create jobs.
- Jewish people were forced to leave their jobs
- Businesses were also given money to hire more workers.
- He started to rearm Germany
100
Rearmament was against?
The T of V
101
Rearmament helped reduce unemployment because?
- conscription was introduced (all men if a certain age had to join the army)
- the army, navy and Air Force got bigger
- they employed people to make things for the army
102
Unemployment under Hitler fell from 6 million to?
250,000 in 1939
103
By 1938 how wealth was Germany?
They were the richest country per head in Europe
104
What was the German economy built on?
Preparing for war
105
What impact did war have on ordinary Germans?
- High levels of propaganda
- rationing
- the government controlled people's lives more
- bombing raids on German cities
- industry was disrupted
106
How did the war end?
In defeat, Hitler committed suicide.
