Germany Chapter 5

Question 1

What were the ghettoes?

Answer 1

All Jews forced into “Jewish quarters”
Walled off, poor housing, bad conditions, diseases
Warsaw ghetto- 3.5 metre wall topped with barbed wire and glass
Jews had to pay for its construction
1941-41, 4000 deaths

Question 2

What were death squads?

Answer 2

June 1941 germany invaded soviet union
Conquered west so more Jews were under control
Einsatzgruppen followed army and killed Jews, collected valuables
Removed clothing and marched to fields where they were shot and gassed
Murdered over 1.2 million pople in SU by 1943

Question 3

What was the final solution?

Answer 3

Converted conversion camps into extermination camps
Next four years, 6 mil Jews killed in holocaust
If fit enough to work, got jobs until too weak and took part in medical experiments
If not, poison gas showers were though to be delousing chambers

Question 4

What are 2 features of rationing?

Answer 4

1. Began 1939 included soap, break, dairy, meat e.t.c. Food stamps issued. Theft of stamps- criminal offence- sentence at labour camp
2. Germans learned to cope but at end of war 3 mil escaped to west fro advancing soviets. Found cities destroyed with serious fod shortages. Their arrival added to the problem. Starvation in last war months

Question 5

When and what was total war?

Answer 5

Feb 1943

All resources and people fully committed to fighting for victory.

Question 6

What was the problem with total war?

Answer 6

With men on the front line, there was a shortage of labour in factories

Question 7

What two measures were taken to increase labour in factories (total war)

Answer 7

1. Men 16-65 and women 17-45 had to register for work. Small businesses closed and employees taken into army. There were many exemptions from this as Hitler didnt approve of women working
2. Workers recruited from occupied countries 1944- over 7mil workers for german industry

Question 8

What were 2 effects of the allied bombing?

Answer 8

1. Gov tried to reduce impact with stories of bravery. Welfare organisations- food, drink, accommodation. Despite stories, still negative impact on morale. Most carried on with normal lives
2. Strategic targets chosen by allies had no effect on german war production but a lot on transport of goofs. Hundreds of tanks found near Munich as they were unable to be transported

Question 9

What were 2 features of the changing role of women?

Answer 9

1. June 1941 goering said any previously employed woman should register for work. Mit 1943, half million extra women working.
2. Psychological- many scared of family dying. Made homeless, killed, evacuated. Propaganda said soviets would treat women brutally and they were approaching. Many raped in Prussia and Berlin who died from attacks or committed suicide after

Question 10

Who were the swing youth group?

Answer 10

Middle class- wanted to listen to swine music
Nazis didnt like jazz- black Americans
Leading members arrested and served time in camps

Question 11

2 features of the edelweiss pirates

Answer 11

1. Hated Hitler youth- bullied and beat members. Objected to subscription and military training. Criticised nazi culture. Produced anti nazi graffiti in towns
2. Gave shelter to army deserters and prisoners. Stole food and supplies from stores. Derailed ammunition cars and stole weapons

Question 12

Who were the whit rose group?

Answer 12

Hans and Sophies scholl
Criticised Jewish treatment and hated war. Leaflets criticising nazis. Painted anti Jewish messages on buildings and eventually were caught and executed

Question 13

What was the July bomb plot?

Answer 13

July 1944- von stauffenburg had bomb in briefcase
Said had urgent phone call and left
Army leader moved briefcase 
Hitler wasn’t killed
7000 arrested and 6000 killed
Con stauffenburg shot