Germany Between The Wars Flashcards
What was the Weimar constitution
Proportional representation
Reichsrat- delay measures passed by reichstag
Reichstag- parliament
President- elected every 7 years, chose chancellor
What happened in 1919?
Kaiser abdicated
Friedrich Edbert took over
New Democratic government
Problems in Weimar Republic
Difficult to make decisions, to many parties
Hard to pick chancellor who had reichstag support
New government had to accept the treaty, so already disliked
Outbreaks of trouble, freikorps to keep the peace
Reasons for discontent
People poor and starving
November criminals
Blamed Jews, communist and government
Government seen as weak, treaty made living conditions worse
What was the spartacist revolt
Communist
Karl Liebknecht
Rosa Luxemburg
Defeated by freikorps
What was the Kapp Putsch
1920 Right wing freikorps Wolfgang kapp General strike Gave up Not punished, many sympathised
Who signed rapallo treaty with Russia
Jewish foreign minister
Reason for people not liking Jews
What happened in 1923
Couldn't pay respirations France and Belgium occupied Ruhr Industrial part of Germany Refused to work Industry damaged Hyperinflation
Results of hyperinflation
Bank savings became worthless
German mark became worthless
What did stresemann do
1923- told Ruhr to go back to work 1924- Dawes plan& rentenmark 1925- F&B left the Ruhr Locarno treaty, accepted western borders 1926- joins league & council 1928- Kellogg Briand pact 1929- young plan, reduced longer time
Cultural achievements
Art, architecture,music, lit
Not everyone approved, immoral
What was the Munich putsch
1923 Weimar looked weak Overthrow government Occupied beer hall in Bavaria Marched into Munich with stormtroopers But was fired at by police
What did hitler say in mein kampf
Aryan race were master race
Join Austria and Germany (Anschluss )
Lebensraum
Tear up treaty
What did hitler do after Munich putsch
Gain control legally
Used propaganda
How did hitler gain power
1932- 6 million unemployed Hitler uses depression Stands against Hindenburg loses Largest part in reichstag Chancellor Called for election - 1933
What did hitler do in 1933 to win election
Controlled media Opposition meetings banned SA terrorised opponents Reichstag fire Enabling act Night of long knives Takes over - 1934
What was the night of the long knives
Rivals in the party Ernst rohm controlled SA Hitler sent his own men to arrest him He was killed Opposition stamped out Hindenburg died Hitler made fuhrer
What were the methods of control
Propaganda - Goebbels, Olympics
Censorship - executed
Police state - Himmler, Gestapo, death camps
Church - signed agreement with Catholic Church
No trade unions
How did Germany grow under the nazis
Gave work- autobahns, faked sats, prep for war
Work for rewards - national labour service
Strength through joy- holidays, film
Beauty of labour- working conditions
Low pay no strikes
How were young people effected
Hitler youth compulsory from 1939 League of German maidens Soldiers and wives Teaching propaganda Nazi teachers association Subjects rewritten
How were women effected
Produce large families- awarded
Studied cookery
Aryan husbands
Needed to go back to work in 1937
8 reasons for hitlers success
Jobs National pride Rallies Army support Fear
What opposition was there
Jehovah's Witnesses Pope pius Edelweiss pirates Swing kids White rose Army - bomb plot 1944
Persecution in nazi Germany
1935- Nuremberg laws , Jews not citizens, marriage and sex between Jews and non Jews
1938- Krystal nacht, Jew murdered German diplomat in Paris , riots, Jews arrested
1940- Jews put in ghettos
1942- final solution
