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History > Germany 1918-1945 > Flashcards

Germany 1918-1945 Flashcards

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1
Q

After WW1-What were Mutinies?

A

Sailors denying Captains orders because of blockades.

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2
Q

After WW1-What were the blockades?

A

Blockades were put up by allies ships, they stopped supplies reaching German so people began to starve.

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3
Q

After WW1-Starvation?

A

Germany ran out of food because of the blockades so people began to eat anything-added to socialist uprising.

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4
Q

After WW1-Socialist Uprising?

A

Kurt Eisner supported Communism, tried to copy Russian Revolution of 1917.

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5
Q

After WW1-Adiction of Kaiser?

A

Scared by Socialist Uprising Kaiser fled the country, TofV would have forced him out anyway.

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6
Q

After WW1-New Republic?

A

There was no king so a new democratic government formed.

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7
Q

What is a democratic government?

A

A democratic government is a government ruled by the people using a voting system.

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8
Q

What is a autocratic government?

A

A autocratic government is a government is ruled by one person ie. a King or dictator.

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9
Q

When was the Munich/Beer Hall Putsch?

A

1923.

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10
Q

What was the Munich/Beer Hall Putsch?

A

Hitler tried to overthrow the government with the help of the Bavarian government but failed.

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11
Q

What caused the Munich/Beer Hall Putsch?

A

Germany became very poor due to Hyperinflation, this caused Hitler to think it was a good time to overthrow the government. He convinced the Bavarian government to help him but they called the police when they left.

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12
Q

Was the Munich/Beer Hall Putsch successful?

A

No, 16 Nazi’s died, Hitler and General Ludendorff were arrested, Hitler was given a 5 year sentence but was let out after 9 months.

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13
Q

When was the armistice?

A

November 1918.

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14
Q

What happened at the armistice, how did it cause problems?

A

German people thought they were winning the war-propaganda-angered that Ebert signed the armistice, called government ‘November Criminals’.

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15
Q

When was the TofV signed?

A

June 1919.

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16
Q

How did the TofV cause problems?

A

Accused government of stabbing them in the back, led to believe TofV was going to be like Wilson’s 14 points.

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17
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

February 1920.

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18
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

TofV stated Freikorps to be disbanded, Kapp disagreed so attempted a putsch, government fled. Government called a general strike and government took back power.

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19
Q

When was the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

1922/beginning of 1923.

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20
Q

What caused the invasion of the Ruhr and what happened?

A

Ebert stopped paying reparations so France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr to take reparations as coal. The government stopped miners mining but the miners wanted paying. The government printed more money: hyperinflation.

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21
Q

When was the Hyperinflation crisis?

A

November 1923.

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22
Q

What was the hyperinflation crisis?

A

The government printed more money reducing its worth making prices rise.

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23
Q

What was the Weimar Republic?

A

Germany from 1918.

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24
Q

What was the Weimar Constitution?

A

The way the Weimar Republic was run.

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25
Q

What was the layout of the Weimar Constitution?

A

Chancellor in charge of Cabinet of Ministers which has control of the Houses of Parliament: Upper House and Lower House.
President in charge of Chancellor, Armed Forces and is elected every 7 years.

26
Q

What is the other name for ‘Upper Houses’

A

Reichsrat.

27
Q

What is the other name for ‘Lower Houses’

A

Reichstag.

28
Q

What kind of democratic voting system did the Weimar Republic have?

A

Proportional Representation.

29
Q

What does a Proportional Representational voting system mean?

A

It means that for each party the percentage of votes they get is equivalent to the percentage of seats they get.

30
Q

When was Stresemann Chancellor and Foreign Minster?

A

Beginning August 1923.

31
Q

When was Stresemann just Foreign Minster?

A

Beginning December 1923.

32
Q

St-When was the introduction of the Rentemark and what was it?

A

The Rentemark was a new currency brought in in 1923-finacal.

33
Q

St-When was the cut in government spending?

A

The government cut spending by sacking 700 000 employees in 1923 to end hyperinflation-financial.

34
Q

When was the Dawes Plan and what was it?

A

The Dawes Plan began in 1924:annual reparations were reduced and Germany were lent 800 million gold marks-financial and RwN.

35
Q

When was the Lacarno Pact and what was it?

A

The Lacarno Pact began in1925:France, Belgium and Germany agreed to respect their borders-RwN.

36
Q

When did Germany join the LofN?

A

1926-RwN.

37
Q

When was the Kellogg Briand Pact and what was it?

A

The Kellogg Briand Pact began in 1928:60 countries signed a contract renouncing war as a instrument of foreign policy.

38
Q

When was the young plan and what was it?

A

The Young Plan began in 1929:Germanys reparations were reduced by over 67% and were given a timetable.

39
Q

How successful was the Dawes Plan?

A

Never benefitted farmers
No long term effects
Exports from the factories built dropped in 1927
Spent too much money on health care

40
Q

When did Stresemann die?

A

1929.

41
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor?

A

1933.

42
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

1929.

43
Q

Why did Germany have to pay the money America lent them back sooner then planned?

A

The Wall Street Crash meant that the world ran out of money, so America got their money back and stopped importing from other countries.

44
Q

Hitler’s rise-Unemployment?

A

Germany was among the most depressed in Europe and unemployment rose to 6 million in 1932.

45
Q

Hitler’s rise-Proportional Representation?

A

There was a constant coalition in government meaning that decisions are slow and hard going.

46
Q

Hitler’s rise-Political crisis?

A

4 Chancellors within 4 years, Muller, Bruning, Von Papen, Von Schleicher and then Hitler in 1933.

47
Q

Hitler’s rise-being chosen as Chancellor?

A

July 1932 Nazi party had 225 seats and November 1932 Nazi party had 200 seats, Hitler was suggested to Hindenburg as Chancellor and due to the drop in seats for the Nazi’s in the Reichstag Hindenburg thought he could control Hitler so gave him the position as Chancellor.

48
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire and what was it?

A

February 1933: The Reichstag was burnt down with a communist found inside holding matches, Hitler convinced the public that the communists were terrorists and had them banned from the Reichstag.

49
Q

When were the March Elections and what were they?

A

March 1933: result was 45% Nazi seats but communist ban meat they had 51%of the seats leaving them with a majority. ‘Special Constables’ were brought in but they overlooked crimes committed by Nazis as they wanted a Nazi rule.

50
Q

When was the Enabling Act and what was it?

A

March 1933:with a Nazi majority allowed Hitler to pass the Enabling Act meaning he can rule without the Reichstag for 4 years. He banned all other political parties and it allowed him to make new laws.

51
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives and what was it?

A

June 1934:Hitler’s SS killed over 1000 of the SA including its leader Rohm. Rohm had wanted control of the army however the army would have overthrown him if Rohm took over. But if Hitler said no to Rohm then he would have staged a putsch also Rohm was putting off rich votes so the option was to kill Rohm.

52
Q

When was the death President Hindenburg and what did it allow?

A

President Hindenburg died in August 1934 and it allowed Hitler to combine the role of the President and Chancellor to create a Fuhrer.

53
Q

What did Nazi propaganda do?

A

Nazi propaganda supressed views opposing the Nazi ideals and promoted views and actions they approved of.

54
Q

What types of Nazi propaganda were there?

A

Radio-everyone had one, send Nazi messages
Flags and Banners-confidence, promotes views
Nerumburg Rally-every year, all books opposing Nazis burnt
Music, Theatre, Film and Literature-stopped jazz(from America a free country), Wagner encouraged, all media controlled by Nazis no unwanted influences.
Goebbels-minister of propaganda and the peoples enlightenment

55
Q

Opposition-Church?

A

Catholic youth movement cancelled, to make the Hitler Youth more important. Pope denounce the Nazis and he along with nuns were sent to concentration camps. Hitler set up the Reich church which opposed the Protestants.

56
Q

Extent of Church opposition?

A

Religion is world wide, threat comes from all over the place.
Cancelling church youth movements angers youth as well.
Germany=very religious, popes disagreement meant peoples disagreement.
Only a verbal threat, anyone greatly opposing went to concentration camps

57
Q

Opposition-Army?

A

Beck disagreement
Army has trained gunmen=threat, didn’t like expansion policy
Hitler sacked a lot of the army so that he still had control of the army

58
Q

Opposition-Youth?

A

Hitler Youth popular
Some objected, didn’t want the various training
Wanted to dance
Leaflets opposing the Nazis handed out
Gangs helped allied airmen escape
All were killed ie. Sophie and Hans Scholl

59
Q

Opposition-Upper Classes

A 
Hated brutality
Feared expansion
Hitler need their support
influential 
Want Hitler's downfall 
Kreisall Circle executed in 1944
Beck-Goerdeler attempted assignation of Hitler failed-leaders killed
Rommel killed himself
60
Q

What did the Nazi police state do and how did it work?

A

The Nazi police state was called the SS, however it split into 3 sections: the Waffen highly trained soldiers, national security and the Death’s Head Units(concentration and death camps).
There was also the Gestapo(the general police force) who were ruthless and job it was to discover ‘enemies of the state’

History (2 decks)

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