Germany 1890-1945 Flashcards
When was Germany formed?
1871
Who was the kaiser of Germany?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Define Militarism
The belief that a country should have a strong military
What is the Reichstag?
The German parliament
What was a problem faced by the kaisers government?
He ignored their advice and wanted to make his own decisions to do with the army, navy and other foreign countries
When did the Kaiser become the leader of Germany?
1888
What party did German workers vote for and why?
The Social Democratic Party because they believed in socialism and equality
When did the Kaiser abdicate?
9 November 1918
What was the impact of the First World War on Germany? Mention 3 things
- Germany owned lots of money to the USA that they needed to pay for the war
- German people were short on food and money
- Factory owners made lot’s of money during the war whilst workers had restrictions placed on their wages
When did World War 1 start and end?
1914-1918
When did the Germans surrender?
11th November 1918
What is a mutiny?
A rebellion at sea
Who took over from the Kaiser when he abdicated?
Friedrich Ebert (leader of the SPD)
What did Ebert do while he was leader of Germany?
Any answers from:
-improved housing
-more food supply
-helping the unemployed
-guaranteed freedom of speech and religion
Name a communist political group that was around in this time
The Spartacists
Who were the leaders of the Spartacists?
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
When was the Weimar Republic formed?
January 1919
What are the main beliefs of communism? (mention at least 3 things)
anything from:
-Everyone is equal, no different classes
-No private property, government runs farms and businesses
Who came up with the idea of communism?
Karl Marx
What was the Free Corps?
A group a of ex-soldiers that had recently returned from the First World War
What is proportional representation?
an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.
What were the effects of the treaty of versailles on Germany?
-They had to pay 6.6 billion to make up for the cost of the war
-Their army was limited to 100,000 soldiers
-They had to hand over their colonies over seas
Who were the November criminals?
Some Germans who felt like they had been stabbed in the back by the weimar republic
What did the French and Belgians do?
They marched into the Ruhr and took control of every factory, mine and railway.
around how much did a loaf of bread cost after hyperinflation?
1 million marks
What were some of the impacts of hyperinflation?
-many small businesses collapsed
-people who had borrowed money now found it very easy to pay it back
What was the Kapp Putsch?
A man called Wolfgang Capp tried to take over Germany in 1920. He gathered the free corps and took over Berlin. He aimed to take over the entire country but he didn’t have the support of he workers.
When did Hitler discover the German workers party?
1919
What was another name for the German workers Party?
NSDAP : Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party
Who was the leader of the party at the time?
Earnst Rhome
What were the things Hitler changed about the party?
-The name
-The symbol
-He set up a private army (The SA)
What happened during the Munich Putsch?
in 1923, Hitler tried to take over the whole country. He was eventually put in prison for 5 years.
What was Hitlers book called?
Mein Kampf
What were issues that Germany faced during the Weimar Republic?
-Hyperinflation crisis
-French and Belgian troops invaded
-Germany was no longer considered a great power
-German industries were in trouble after the war
Who was Gustav Stresemann?
The chancellor and foreign minister during Weimar Germany
What decade was considered as Germany’s golden age?
The 1920s
Define Avant-garde
new and experimental ideas and methods in art, music, or literature.
What were some examples of Weimar artists?
Otto Dix,Fritz Lang, George Grosz
What happened to these artists when Hitler came into power?
Most of them had to flee Germany
What caused the depression?
In 1929. The Wall Street crash occurred. Americans hadn’t made much money from shares so they decided to sell them very quickly. The share prices dropped as more and more people tried to sell them.
What was the result of the Wall Street crash?
Americans couldn’t afford to buy new goods, firms went out of business and millions lost their jobs
What was the impact on Germany?
American banks demanded the money they had lent to Germany after the First World War back. Soon people were living in the streets, jobless,hungry and angry
What helped to grow the nazi party?
-The depression
- Germans were unhappy with the Weimar government
-The appeal of Adolf Hitler
- Fear of the rise of German extremist parties
-Nazi party structures, methods and tactics
Which kind of people voted for the Nazis
Farmers, women, Middle-class people, young people, upper classes
Which political party did the stormtroopers beat up
communists and they destroyed their meetings, making it hard to campaign freely
When did Hitler become chancellor
30 January 1933.
Who was Hindenburg?
The president of Weimar Republic (1925-1934)
What was the night of long knives?
Hitler used the SA and the SS to murder all of his opponents
