Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AQA History > Germany 1890-1945 > Flashcards

Germany 1890-1945 Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the November Criminals? Why were they called this?

A

The Weimar Republic
The German people believed the Weimar Republic, who signed the Treaty of Versailles, were criminals because of the problems it caused Germany.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meant by the term diktat? How does it relate to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

diktat is a German word that means dictated to and relates to the Treaty of Versailles because the German people felt they had no say in the terms of the treaty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of how Gustav Stresemann tried to save Germany post 1923?

A

Dawes Plan
Young Plan
Rentenmark
Locarno Treaty
Kellogg Briand Pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the Dawes Plan?

A

Germany borrowed money from America to pay reparations and build infrastructure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Was the Dawes Plan successful?

A

Germany became prosperous and richer
German people feared they had relied on Germany too much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the Young Plan?

A

The amount Germany paid for reparations was reduced from 6.6 billion to 1.8 billion and America agreed they should also have a longer time period to pay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Was the Young Plan successful?

A

Yes - it meant the amount of reparations to be paid had reduced and Germany had longer to pay them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the Rentenmark?

A

new stable currency introduced by Gustav Stresemann that was tied to global value of gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Was the Rentenmark successful?

A

success -> currency was accepted and stabilised economy
failure -> Germans lost savings and blamed Stresemann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the Locarno Pact?

A

agreement signed in 1925 between France, Germany and other countries that they would not go to war against each other and would help if other country was attacked.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Was the Locarno Pact successful?

A

it improved Germany’s international status and they became a part of League of Nations
BUT
right wing Germans criticised this for not demanding land back from TOV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Kellogg Briand Pact?

A

65 countries agreed not to go to war with each other and help if other country was invaded. signed 1928

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Was the Kellogg Briand Pact successful?

A

it improved Germany’s international status and they became a part of League of Nations
BUT
right wing Germans criticised this for not demanding land back from TOV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What problems did Gustav Stresemann try to solve as foreign minister?

A

hyperinflation
invasion of Ruhr
Germany’s international relationships
German industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define militarism

A

the belief that a country should have strong armed forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How was Germany ruled by the Kaiser?

A

The Kaiser ruled over all the states in Germany. Each state sent representatives (Bundesrat) to consult with the Kaiser over new laws.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?

A

cousin to George V
grandson of Queen Victoria
Third Kaiser
wanted Germany to be as powerful as Britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How did the Great Depression lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

The Great Depression had caused unemployment, businesses collapsing and banks closing.
German public were losing hope so looked to extremist parties as they believed the democratic system of Weimar were no longer correct solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How did German discontent lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

The German people were unhappy with the Weimar Republic because it was uncapable of resolving economic problems. German public were losing hope so looked to extremist parties as they believed the democratic system of Weimar were no longer correct solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did the appeal of Adolf Hitler lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

Hitler was charismatic and made people believe he could make Germany strong and powerful again. He replicated a Kaiser and was an inspiring speaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How did the rise of extremist parties lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

In 1917 there was a communist revolution in Russia and all businesses and farms were taken over. German communists had attempted at this. Many middle and upper class Germans felt threatened. The Nazi Party promised to deal with threat so many upper and middle class Germans began supporting NSDAP. Communists also disagreed in religion so threatened Church go-ers who began to support Hitler.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How did the Nazi party structure lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

Hitler’s involvement in Munich Putsch sentenced him to jail time. Hitler’s trial allowed him to spread word of NSDAP. After prison, he had realised to gain power in Germany, the NSDAP would have to win power through elections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Hitler sentenced to 5 years but served 9 months
  • Wrote Mien Kampf
  • Realised Nazis needed to win power democratically
  • Trial led to growth in popularity ; 32 seats in Reichstag in May 1924
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

Beer Hall Putsch
8-9 November 1923
2000 supporters met by armed police
16 Nazis and 3 police men dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When was the Munich Putsch?
8-9 November 1923
26
Why did farmers vote for the Nazis?
Farmers had been hit hard by Depression as people were not buying as much produce so farmers had to lower their prices. The Nazis promised higher prices, better quality of life and higher status. The Nazis opposed Communists who would seize land which threatened farmers.
27
Why did women vote for the Nazis?
The Nazis appealed to women because they believed family life, good morals and self discipline were important. Nazis encouraged women to have more children and larger families.
28
Why did the middle class vote for the Nazis?
Middle Class people voted for the Nazis because many people's wages had been cut due to Depression. Many feared Communist take down could destroy their livelihoods and the Nazis opposed communism. The Nazis displayed order and discipline in chaos of Weimar. The middle class like the idea of a strong leader, that mimicked Kaiser.
29
Why did war veterans vote for the Nazis?
Many were left unemployed and in poverty after WW1, The Nazis offered work and bread. Most hated ToV which Hitler promised to tear up.
30
Why did the upper class vote for the Nazis?
The upper class supported the Nazis because they promised a powerful, wealthy nation. Hitler allowed them to run their factories as they wished and promised them plans of building weapons, battleships and fighter planes. The Nazis opposed Communists who threatened the wealth of the Upper Class.
31
What propaganda did Nazis use to gain power?
radio newspapers cinema news reports parades rallies posters leaflets speeches
32
What policies of the NDSAP meant they gained popularity?
increased pensions ; elderly dictatorship ; royalists gave women role in society anti-semitic ; placed blame
33
How did 1930 Reichstag election lead to Hitler becoming Chancellor?
Year after Depression and unemployment had doubled coalition government was formed and Bruning, centre party politician was made chancellor However he was unpopular as he reduced unemployment pay and increased taxes This meant the Nazis gained support and had 107 votes in the election
34
How did violence on the streets lead to Hitler becoming Chancellor?
SA beat up in Communists and disrupted meetings there were bomb plots, street fights, murders Hindenburg began using emergency decrees which highlights how democracy was failing in Germany
35
How did the 1932 Reichstag election lead to Hitler becoming Chancellor?
unpopular Bruning resigned and Hindenburg appoints Von Papen another centre party politician Von Papen calls an election to get majority but Nazis are now largest party in Germany Von Papen calls second election but then resigns as he cannot make laws due to Nazi majority
36
How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?
Hindenburg replaces Von Papen with Scheicher but he has no support in Reichstag so cannot make laws so he resigns On 30th January 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor but is restricted and Von Papen is made vice Chancellor and Hitler is only allowed 2 Nazis in cabinet
37
How did Hitler's role as Chancellor allow him to become President/Furher?
arranged an election for March 1933 controlled police - intimidate voters and beat up police
38
How did Reichstag fire allow Hitler to become President/Furher?
Hitler claimed fire was part of communist plot to take over country - discouraged voting for Communists
39
What was Protection of People and State?
Hitler had emergency law to deal with Germany's problems
40
How did Protection of People and state allow Hitler to become President/Furher?
could deal with Germany's problems - banned leading communists - 4000 communists in prison - all communist newpapers shut down
41
What was the Enabling Law?
gave him power to make laws without consulting Reichstag
42
How did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to become President/Furher?
could pass laws quickly and easily without consulting Reichstag
43
How did Hitler use his new powers become President/Furher?
april 1933 : Dacahu first concentration camp put Nazis in charge of local government gestapo formed banned all trade unions
44
How did the Night of the Long Knives allow Hitler to become President/Furher?
deterred other political opponents dealt with threat of Rohm made army more likely to support him
45
How did death of President Hindenburg allow Hitler to become President/Furher?
end of Weimar letters found saying he wanted Hitler to become Chancellor and President
46
How did oath of loyalty to Hitler allow him to become President/Furher?
personal allegiance to Hitler not nation - placed Hitler as being more important than whole nation
47
What was the National Labour Service/RAD?
all men aged 18-25 had to spend 6 months planting forests, mending hedges and digging drains wore uniform and lived in camps
48
How did the National Labour Service solve unemployment?
more people 'working' even though they were not paid wages just pocket money
49
What were the Public Work Schemes?
june 1933 : network of autobahns schools and hospitals made
50
How did the Public Work Schemes solve unemployment?
100000 people approx employed also teachers and doctors
51
Define rearmament
when a country rebuilds its armed forces
52
Define conscription
compulsory to serve in armed forces
53
How did rearmament solve unemployment?
manufacturing of tanks, battleships, fighter planes, guns army : 100000 to 14000000
54
What was invisible unemployment?
women who gave up work for a family and Jews who had been replaced were not counted in official figures part time counted as full time
55
How did invisible unemployment solve unemployment?
inaccurate figures of those who were actually employed/unemployed
56
Define self sufficient
stopping trade with other countries and relying on own countries resources
57
Why was it so important Nazi Germany was self sufficient?
Hitler wanted a powerful country Hitler wanted a rearmament programme Nazis feared they couldn't rely on other countries due to war on horizon and foreign policies
58
When was Hjalmar Schact minister of Economics?
1933-1937
59
When was Hermann Goering minister of Economics?
1936-1938
60
What happened on the Night of the Long Knives?
leading SA members killed Ernst Rohm killed in prison cell a few days after
61
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
30th June 1934
62
Why did Schacht sign deals with South America and South East Europe?
to supply raw materials in return for German goods
63
What was Goering's Four Year Plan?
increase military production to prepare Germany for war
64
Why was Schact fired?
his plan failed - Germany was still dependent on other countries and Hitler was impatient to see the change
65
How did the Four Year Plan create jobs?
created jobs in textile mills factories shipbuilding yards
66
What was the priority of the Four Year Plan?
increase production make weapons, equipment, uniform
67
What were the consequences of the Night of the Long Knives?
200 SA members killed Von Schleicher and other opponents killed 400 people killed in total removed any opposition some army generals promised support
68
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
30th January 1933
69
How did Hitler's policy of conscription increase army?
100,000 to 1,400,400
70
What was the Beauty of Labour scheme?
scheme that aimed to improve working environment better lighting, new washrooms, low-cost canteens, sports facilities
71
What was the Strength through Joy scheme?
scheme that organised leisure activities to encourage hard work. cheap holidays, theatre trips, football match tickets
72
What were the short term causes of the Munich Putsch?
French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr hyperinflation
73
What were the medium term causes of the Munich Putsch?
- The NDSAP have support from members of the Bavarian state Government who turned a blind eye to SA violence and helped them achieve 50000 members in 1923. - The NDSAP were heavily influenced by fascism and the new Italian dictator Mussolini who marched into Rome in 1922 and took it by force - this inspired the Munich Putsch
74
What were the long term causes of the Munich Putsch?
- Deep resentment of Weimar which led to support of extremist parties - weakness and incapability of Weimar - stab in the back ; ToV
75
Who betrayed Hitler in the Munich Putsch?
Von Kahr, head of state of Bavaria went back on his word and contacted state police
76
Who was involved in Munich Putsch in 1923?
Hitler Von Kahr Von Seisser Von Lossow Lundondorf
77
Who was Von Kahr in Munich Putsch in 1923?
head of Bavarian Government
78
Who was Von Seisser in Munich Putsch in 1923?
head of Bavarian police
79
Who was Von Lossow in Munich Putsch in 1923?
head of German army in Bavaria
80
Who was Lundondorf in Munich Putsch in 1923?
one of Germany's senior army commanders in WW1
81
Define putsch
German word for coup, an attempt to take over country
82
Define hyperinflation
extreme inflation
83
Why did Young people vote for Nazis?
Offered young people many job opportunities in armed forces or building new infrastructure in RAD and Public Work Schemes. Hitler's Youth Organisation ; control the youth ; have control of the future
84
Why was the Night of the Long Knives important to Hitler?
felt he didn't have full control of SA army would not support Hitler unless SA was disbanded
85
How many SA members were killed on the Knight of the Long Knives?
200
86
How many people were killed in total on the Knight of the Long Knives?
400

AQA History (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions