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AQA History > Germany 1890-1945 > Flashcards

Germany 1890-1945 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the November Criminals? Why were they called this?

A

The Weimar Republic
The German people believed the Weimar Republic, who signed the Treaty of Versailles, were criminals because of the problems it caused Germany.

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2
Q

What is meant by the term diktat? How does it relate to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

diktat is a German word that means dictated to and relates to the Treaty of Versailles because the German people felt they had no say in the terms of the treaty.

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3
Q

Give examples of how Gustav Stresemann tried to save Germany post 1923?

A

Dawes Plan
Young Plan
Rentenmark
Locarno Treaty
Kellogg Briand Pact

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4
Q

What was the Dawes Plan?

A

Germany borrowed money from America to pay reparations and build infrastructure.

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5
Q

Was the Dawes Plan successful?

A

Germany became prosperous and richer
German people feared they had relied on Germany too much

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6
Q

What was the Young Plan?

A

The amount Germany paid for reparations was reduced from 6.6 billion to 1.8 billion and America agreed they should also have a longer time period to pay

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7
Q

Was the Young Plan successful?

A

Yes - it meant the amount of reparations to be paid had reduced and Germany had longer to pay them

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8
Q

What was the Rentenmark?

A

new stable currency introduced by Gustav Stresemann that was tied to global value of gold

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9
Q

Was the Rentenmark successful?

A

success -> currency was accepted and stabilised economy
failure -> Germans lost savings and blamed Stresemann

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10
Q

What was the Locarno Pact?

A

agreement signed in 1925 between France, Germany and other countries that they would not go to war against each other and would help if other country was attacked.

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11
Q

Was the Locarno Pact successful?

A

it improved Germany’s international status and they became a part of League of Nations
BUT
right wing Germans criticised this for not demanding land back from TOV

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12
Q

What was the Kellogg Briand Pact?

A

65 countries agreed not to go to war with each other and help if other country was invaded. signed 1928

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13
Q

Was the Kellogg Briand Pact successful?

A

it improved Germany’s international status and they became a part of League of Nations
BUT
right wing Germans criticised this for not demanding land back from TOV

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14
Q

What problems did Gustav Stresemann try to solve as foreign minister?

A

hyperinflation
invasion of Ruhr
Germany’s international relationships
German industry

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15
Q

Define militarism

A

the belief that a country should have strong armed forces

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16
Q

How was Germany ruled by the Kaiser?

A

The Kaiser ruled over all the states in Germany. Each state sent representatives (Bundesrat) to consult with the Kaiser over new laws.

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17
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?

A

cousin to George V
grandson of Queen Victoria
Third Kaiser
wanted Germany to be as powerful as Britain

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18
Q

How did the Great Depression lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

The Great Depression had caused unemployment, businesses collapsing and banks closing.
German public were losing hope so looked to extremist parties as they believed the democratic system of Weimar were no longer correct solution.

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19
Q

How did German discontent lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

The German people were unhappy with the Weimar Republic because it was uncapable of resolving economic problems. German public were losing hope so looked to extremist parties as they believed the democratic system of Weimar were no longer correct solution.

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20
Q

How did the appeal of Adolf Hitler lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

Hitler was charismatic and made people believe he could make Germany strong and powerful again. He replicated a Kaiser and was an inspiring speaker.

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21
Q

How did the rise of extremist parties lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

In 1917 there was a communist revolution in Russia and all businesses and farms were taken over. German communists had attempted at this. Many middle and upper class Germans felt threatened. The Nazi Party promised to deal with threat so many upper and middle class Germans began supporting NSDAP. Communists also disagreed in religion so threatened Church go-ers who began to support Hitler.

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22
Q

How did the Nazi party structure lead to the rise of the Nazi Party?

A

Hitler’s involvement in Munich Putsch sentenced him to jail time. Hitler’s trial allowed him to spread word of NSDAP. After prison, he had realised to gain power in Germany, the NSDAP would have to win power through elections.

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23
Q

What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Hitler sentenced to 5 years but served 9 months
  • Wrote Mien Kampf
  • Realised Nazis needed to win power democratically
  • Trial led to growth in popularity ; 32 seats in Reichstag in May 1924
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24
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

Beer Hall Putsch
8-9 November 1923
2000 supporters met by armed police
16 Nazis and 3 police men dead

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25
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8-9 November 1923

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26
Q

Why did farmers vote for the Nazis?

A

Farmers had been hit hard by Depression as people were not buying as much produce so farmers had to lower their prices.
The Nazis promised higher prices, better quality of life and higher status. The Nazis opposed Communists who would seize land which threatened farmers.

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27
Q

Why did women vote for the Nazis?

A

The Nazis appealed to women because they believed family life, good morals and self discipline were important. Nazis encouraged women to have more children and larger families.

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28
Q

Why did the middle class vote for the Nazis?

A

Middle Class people voted for the Nazis because many people’s wages had been cut due to Depression. Many feared Communist take down could destroy their livelihoods and the Nazis opposed communism. The Nazis displayed order and discipline in chaos of Weimar. The middle class like the idea of a strong leader, that mimicked Kaiser.

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29
Q

Why did war veterans vote for the Nazis?

A

Many were left unemployed and in poverty after WW1, The Nazis offered work and bread.
Most hated ToV which Hitler promised to tear up.

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30
Q

Why did the upper class vote for the Nazis?

A

The upper class supported the Nazis because they promised a powerful, wealthy nation. Hitler allowed them to run their factories as they wished and promised them plans of building weapons, battleships and fighter planes. The Nazis opposed Communists who threatened the wealth of the Upper Class.

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31
Q

What propaganda did Nazis use to gain power?

A

radio
newspapers
cinema news reports
parades rallies
posters leaflets
speeches

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32
Q

What policies of the NDSAP meant they gained popularity?

A

increased pensions ; elderly
dictatorship ; royalists
gave women role in society
anti-semitic ; placed blame

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33
Q

How did 1930 Reichstag election lead to Hitler becoming Chancellor?

A

Year after Depression and unemployment had doubled
coalition government was formed and Bruning, centre party politician was made chancellor
However he was unpopular as he reduced unemployment pay and increased taxes
This meant the Nazis gained support and had 107 votes in the election

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34
Q

How did violence on the streets lead to Hitler becoming Chancellor?

A

SA beat up in Communists and disrupted meetings
there were bomb plots, street fights, murders
Hindenburg began using emergency decrees which highlights how democracy was failing in Germany

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35
Q

How did the 1932 Reichstag election lead to Hitler becoming Chancellor?

A

unpopular Bruning resigned and Hindenburg appoints Von Papen another centre party politician
Von Papen calls an election to get majority but Nazis are now largest party in Germany
Von Papen calls second election but then resigns as he cannot make laws due to Nazi majority

36
Q

How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933?

A

Hindenburg replaces Von Papen with Scheicher but he has no support in Reichstag so cannot make laws so he resigns
On 30th January 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor but is restricted and Von Papen is made vice Chancellor and Hitler is only allowed 2 Nazis in cabinet

37
Q

How did Hitler’s role as Chancellor allow him to become President/Furher?

A

arranged an election for March 1933
controlled police
- intimidate voters and beat up police

38
Q

How did Reichstag fire allow Hitler to become President/Furher?

A

Hitler claimed fire was part of communist plot to take over country
- discouraged voting for Communists

39
Q

What was Protection of People and State?

A

Hitler had emergency law to deal with Germany’s problems

40
Q

How did Protection of People and state allow Hitler to become President/Furher?

A

could deal with Germany’s problems
- banned leading communists
- 4000 communists in prison
- all communist newpapers shut down

41
Q

What was the Enabling Law?

A

gave him power to make laws without consulting Reichstag

42
Q

How did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to become President/Furher?

A

could pass laws quickly and easily without consulting Reichstag

43
Q

How did Hitler use his new powers become President/Furher?

A

april 1933 : Dacahu first concentration camp
put Nazis in charge of local government
gestapo formed
banned all trade unions

44
Q

How did the Night of the Long Knives allow Hitler to become President/Furher?

A

deterred other political opponents
dealt with threat of Rohm
made army more likely to support him

45
Q

How did death of President Hindenburg allow Hitler to become President/Furher?

A

end of Weimar
letters found saying he wanted Hitler to become Chancellor and President

46
Q

How did oath of loyalty to Hitler allow him to become President/Furher?

A

personal allegiance to Hitler not nation
- placed Hitler as being more important than whole nation

47
Q

What was the National Labour Service/RAD?

A

all men aged 18-25 had to spend 6 months planting forests, mending hedges and digging drains
wore uniform and lived in camps

48
Q

How did the National Labour Service solve unemployment?

A

more people ‘working’ even though they were not paid wages just pocket money

49
Q

What were the Public Work Schemes?

A

june 1933 : network of autobahns
schools and hospitals made

50
Q

How did the Public Work Schemes solve unemployment?

A

100000 people approx employed
also teachers and doctors

51
Q

Define rearmament

A

when a country rebuilds its armed forces

52
Q

Define conscription

A

compulsory to serve in armed forces

53
Q

How did rearmament solve unemployment?

A

manufacturing of tanks, battleships, fighter planes, guns
army : 100000 to 14000000

54
Q

What was invisible unemployment?

A

women who gave up work for a family and Jews who had been replaced were not counted in official figures
part time counted as full time

55
Q

How did invisible unemployment solve unemployment?

A

inaccurate figures of those who were actually employed/unemployed

56
Q

Define self sufficient

A

stopping trade with other countries and relying on own countries resources

57
Q

Why was it so important Nazi Germany was self sufficient?

A

Hitler wanted a powerful country
Hitler wanted a rearmament programme
Nazis feared they couldn’t rely on other countries due to war on horizon and foreign policies

58
Q

When was Hjalmar Schact minister of Economics?

A

1933-1937

59
Q

When was Hermann Goering minister of Economics?

A

1936-1938

60
Q

What happened on the Night of the Long Knives?

A

leading SA members killed
Ernst Rohm killed in prison cell a few days after

61
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30th June 1934

62
Q

Why did Schacht sign deals with South America and South East Europe?

A

to supply raw materials in return for German goods

63
Q

What was Goering’s Four Year Plan?

A

increase military production to prepare Germany for war

64
Q

Why was Schact fired?

A

his plan failed - Germany was still dependent on other countries and Hitler was impatient to see the change

65
Q

How did the Four Year Plan create jobs?

A

created jobs in
textile mills
factories
shipbuilding yards

66
Q

What was the priority of the Four Year Plan?

A

increase production
make weapons, equipment, uniform

67
Q

What were the consequences of the Night of the Long Knives?

A

200 SA members killed
Von Schleicher and other opponents killed
400 people killed in total
removed any opposition
some army generals promised support

68
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

69
Q

How did Hitler’s policy of conscription increase army?

A

100,000 to 1,400,400

70
Q

What was the Beauty of Labour scheme?

A

scheme that aimed to improve working environment
better lighting, new washrooms, low-cost canteens, sports facilities

71
Q

What was the Strength through Joy scheme?

A

scheme that organised leisure activities to encourage hard work.
cheap holidays, theatre trips, football match tickets

72
Q

What were the short term causes of the Munich Putsch?

A

French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr
hyperinflation

73
Q

What were the medium term causes of the Munich Putsch?

A
  • The NDSAP have support from members of the Bavarian state Government who turned a blind eye to SA violence and helped them achieve 50000 members in 1923.
  • The NDSAP were heavily influenced by fascism and the new Italian dictator Mussolini who marched into Rome in 1922 and took it by force - this inspired the Munich Putsch
74
Q

What were the long term causes of the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Deep resentment of Weimar which led to support of extremist parties
  • weakness and incapability of Weimar
  • stab in the back ; ToV
75
Q

Who betrayed Hitler in the Munich Putsch?

A

Von Kahr, head of state of Bavaria went back on his word and contacted state police

76
Q

Who was involved in Munich Putsch in 1923?

A

Hitler
Von Kahr
Von Seisser
Von Lossow
Lundondorf

77
Q

Who was Von Kahr in Munich Putsch in 1923?

A

head of Bavarian Government

78
Q

Who was Von Seisser in Munich Putsch in 1923?

A

head of Bavarian police

79
Q

Who was Von Lossow in Munich Putsch in 1923?

A

head of German army in Bavaria

80
Q

Who was Lundondorf in Munich Putsch in 1923?

A

one of Germany’s senior army commanders in WW1

81
Q

Define putsch

A

German word for coup, an attempt to take over country

82
Q

Define hyperinflation

A

extreme inflation

83
Q

Why did Young people vote for Nazis?

A

Offered young people many job opportunities in armed forces or building new infrastructure in RAD and Public Work Schemes.
Hitler’s Youth Organisation ; control the youth ; have control of the future

84
Q

Why was the Night of the Long Knives important to Hitler?

A

felt he didn’t have full control of SA
army would not support Hitler unless SA was disbanded

85
Q

How many SA members were killed on the Knight of the Long Knives?

A

200

86
Q

How many people were killed in total on the Knight of the Long Knives?

A

400

AQA History (4 decks)

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