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Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Since when has Germany been unified as a single country?

A

Since 1871

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2
Q

Whose power largely shaped the German nation?

A

Prussia as it was the largest and most powerful state before 187.

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3
Q

Who ruled the German nation?

A

The Kaiser.

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4
Q

Who became the Kaiser in 1888?

A

Wilhelm II.

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5
Q

What was Wilhelm II’s plan?

A

To expand the German Empire

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6
Q

What threatened the Kaiser about the hopes he had abroad?

A

The rise of socialism

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7
Q

What makes the Kaiser superior?

A

-Had the power to appoint or dismiss the Chancellor.
-Could dissolve the Reichstag(parliament) if he wanted to.
-Was in charge of foreign policy.
-Was the head of the German military.

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8
Q

Who advised the Kaiser about political decisions?

A

Members of the armed forces.

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9
Q

Over which type of policy did the Kaiser have absolute power?

A

Foreign policy.

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10
Q

What were the powers of the Chancellor?

A

-Leading the Bundesrat(federal council) by proposing new subjects,issues and laws to be discussed.
-Appointing ministers to help him make policies.
-The ability to ignore the Reichstag(parliament).

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11
Q

Who did the Reichstag fund every five years?

A

The army

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12
Q

What were the officers?

A

-Right-wing(politically conservative).
-From an elite background.
-The fore-runner to the DNVP which would join Hitler in coalition in the 1930s

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13
Q

Who was the Chancellor?

A

The Kaiser’s chief minister.

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14
Q

What was the Bundesrat?

A

-The German federal council.
-Formed from 58 representatives of each German state.
-Prussian interests dominated it.
-Was consulted over government policies.
-The council proposed laws to the Reichstag(parliament).
-In return, the Bundesrat approved any law the Reichstag made.

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15
Q

What was the Reichstag?

A

The German parliament.

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16
Q

What was the Reichstag formed from?

A

-397 deputies.
-elected by German voters.
-Only men over the age if 25.

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17
Q

What were the powers of the Reichstag?

A

-Had the power to pass,alter or reject laws proposed by the Bundesrat or Chancellor.
-Could give or refuse funding for the military once every five years.

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18
Q

By what time did the Reichstag begin to grow?

A

1890s

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19
Q

What could Kaiser not do?

A

He could not stop the elections for parliament.

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20
Q

How did the Reichstag grow?

A

-Political parties had begun to form.
-The deputies in the Reichstag had their own political agenda(plan).
-Didn’t have huge power.
-But put pressure on the government and could shape public opinion.

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21
Q

What is the Landtag?

A

-Each state had its own mini-government or mini-Reichstag.
-Thus was called the Landtag.

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22
Q

Who was the only person who could sack the Chancellor?

A

Kaiser

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23
Q

What did individual state have the power to do since Germany was a federal state?

A

-Had the power to control income tax.
-Difficult for the central government to raise enough tax for their budget.

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24
Q

What were 2 potential weaknesses in German Constitution?

A

-The power of the Kaiser.
-Raising taxes.

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25
What was the political orientation of most German military officers in this period?
Conservative.
26
Who had the power to control income tax under Wilhelm?
Individual states
27
What did Prussia emphasise using its influence?
-Militarism. -Having a strong military to protect the country.
28
Describe the Prussian military?
-Leading army officers were Prussian. -Prussia was the most powerful state in Germany. -The Prussian army was the foundation of the German army.
29
What state was the most powerful in Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm II?
-Prussia
30
When was the leadership of Federick the Great?
1740
31
What did Germany need to become the most dominican country in the world?
Germany needed to be more powerful than Great Britain.
32
What did the Kaiser use to grow the German Empire?
Weltpolitik=World policy
33
What were the domestic problems with the Navy Laws?
-The Kaiser began to argue with army leaders who wanted money to the army not the navy. -The Social Democratic Party opposed the Navy Laws because they were expensive. -Government had to borrow money, increasing the state’s debt.(490 billion by 1913) -Government had to raise taxes affecting the workers.
34
Who was a key supporter of the Naval Laws?
-Alfred von Tirpitz. -New Navy Secretary.
35
Who was responsible for unifying small German states into the German empire?
Otto von Bismarck
36
Who was the first Chancellor of the German Empire?
Otto von Bismarck
37
What was the diplomacy of Otto von Bismarck?
Realpolitik
38
Since when to when did Bismarck serve as an ambassador to Russia and France?
1851-1862
39
What would happen to Bismarck when he returned to Prussia?
He would be appointed prime minister by Vilhelm the first (king of prussia)
40
What happened in 1864?
-His mark began a series of wars to establish Prussian power in Europe. -Austrian support. -Used the Prussian army to capture the german-speaking territories of schleswig and holstein from Denmark.
41
Who did Otto von Bismarck provoke?
-Emperor Franz Joseph the first into starting the austro-prussian war. -In 1866. -Prussian victory.
42
Who did Bismarck provoke next?
-France. -Strategy to unify Germany’s loose Confederations against an outside enemy.
43
What did Bismarck strategy to unify Germany’s loose Confederations cause?
-Franco-Prussian war -1870-1871 -Prussia defeated France.
44
What did Bismarck pursue in the 1870s?
-Kulturkamf=Cultural struggle. -Against the Catholic Church.
45
When did otto von bismarck become chancellor of germany?
1871
46
What did Bismarck do to try stop the influence of the Catholic Church?
-Placed parochial schools under state control. -Expelled the Jesuits.
47
What did Bismarck do in 1879?
-Negotiated the dual alliance with Austria-hungary. -Counteract and check the power of the now allied France and Russia.
48
What did Bismarck work on in the 1880s?
-Preventing the spread of socialism. -Creating a welfare state establishing national healthcare, accident insurance and old-age pensions.
49
What happened in 1890?
-Bismarck was dismissed by the new emperor Wilhelm II. -After strong disagreement.
50
Who was the triple entente (1907) signed by?
-Russia. -Great Britain. -France.
51
What are the Navy Laws domestic successes?
-Gave more work to businesses and industries. -Increased military position relative to Britain. -Encouraged patriotic(love of one’s country) and nationalist(wanting political independence) sentiment(feeling).
52
When was the Entente Cordiale signed?
1904
53
When was the Triple Entente signed?
1907
54
Who is part of the Entente Cordiale?
-Great Britain. -France.
55
Who is part of the Triple Entente?
-Great Britain. -France. -Russia.
56
What was the agreement signed between Great Britain and France in 1904?
The Entente Cordiale.
57
What was the Bundesrat dominated by?
Prussian interest
58
What was the aim of Weltpolitik?
-Make Germany the most powerful country in the world. -Increase Germany’s statues by growing the German empire. -To be better than Britain,which already had a large empire at this time.
59
Why did people support the Kaiser’s Navy Laws?
-Brought out a feeling of patriotism(devoted to strong support for one’s country)and nationalism(identification with one's own nation and support for its interests)in people. -Created many jobs in Germany.
60
Did the Kaiser and the German elite feel threatened by socialism before the first world war?
-Government feared the power of SPD and socialists because they put social reform into law. -Central idea of socialism was that wealth should be shared between all members of society. -Threat to those of society who kept most of their profits from industry for themselves and exploited workers. -By 1912 SPD was the party with the most seats in Reichstag.
61
Why did Hitler call his regime the ‘Third Reich’?
-To show how his regime links to a long German and European history. -‘Reich’ links back to the German Empire. -Underlines Hitlers mission to bring Germany back to a strong and glorious position in the world.
62
Did the night of the long knives damage Hitler’s reputation?
-No. -By thus time cult surrounding Hitler was strong. -German people managed to find excuses for his behaviour. -After the night of the long knives Hitler gave a long speech where he said his actions had been in the interests of the German people and he was protecting the ordinary citizen against the SA. -Hitler's popularity might have actually increased after the murders.

History GCSE‼️ (1 decks)

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