Germany Flashcards
What were Reichfeinde?
Enemies of the state
How many votes did Prussia have in the Bundesrat vs how many required for a veto?
17 vs 14
Who could vote in the Rechistag elections?
Men over 25
What % of the vote did the National Liberals win in 1871 and 1878?
30.1% down to 23.1%
What proportion of the population were Catholics during the Kaiserreich?
30%
What does Kulturkampf mean?
Culture struggle - Bismarck vs Catholocism
By 1879, how many priests had been jailed or exiled as part of the Prussian May Laws of 1873?
1800
Why did Bismarck implement the Kulturkampf?
Challenge the power of the Catholics Centre Party, unite Germany against a common enemy
Why did Bismark adopt tariff reform in 1879?
Economic issues in Germany, Kulturkampf was over so he didn’t need the National Liberals anymore
What did anti-socialist legislation of the 1880s do?
Banned socialist meetings, powers to arrest socialist politicians, ban socialist newspapers
What was the word for unity in government at the start of the war?
Burgfriede
Who came up with the Peace Resolution in July 1917?
Erzberger
How many people were on strike in April 1917 and January 1918?
200,000 and 1 million
What was the Kreuznach Programme?
Military plan for annexation at the end of the war
What did Woodrow Wilson demand as part of his Fourteen Points?
Germany to be democratic
Why did Ludendorff sanction political changes?
To be able to blame the politicians for taking a settlement at the end of the war
Who led the Spartacists after being part of the USPD?
Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebnecht
What changes did Max of Baden make when he bacame Chancellor in October 1918?
Army answerable to the Reichstag, got rid of Prussian three tier system
Where did naval soldiers mutiny?
Kiel
What was the Ebert-Groener Pact, November 1918?
Ebert agreeing not to interfere with the army if they didn’t interfere with the new Republic
What was the Stinnes-Liegen agreement, 1918?
Agreement between trade unions and industrialists
What was Article 48?
Emergency powers of the President
What was Proporcional Representation?
60,000 votes to get a seat in the Reichstag
What did the Reichstag Fire Decrees, 28th Feb 1933 enable Hitler to do?
Arrest without warrant, freedom of speech and assembly suspended
What did the Enabling Act, March 1933 enable Hitler to do?
Pass laws without going through the Reichstag
What was Kopenick Blood Week?
Suppression of socialists in June 1933
What was the Night of the Long Knives, June 1934?
Hitler killing SA leaders to remove internal opposition from SA (3million members)
What were Gauleiters?
Regional Nazi Officials
Give one example of state-party dualism
Operation Todt and Minister of Transport, DAF and Ministry of Economics
What is Gleichschaltung?
Gradually making Germany Nazi
How did Hitler get rid of the threat of local governments?
SA caused disorder in the local governments, Hitler took control of them
How did Hitler deal with trade unions?
Smashed up offices, banned them, coordinated 169 of them into the DAF, under Robert Ley
What was the Volksgemeicschaft?
Hitler’s ideal people’s community
What was included in the Nuremberg Laws, 1935?
Jews couldn’t be citizens, Aryans and non-Aryans couldn’t be married
One strength of the new constitution in 1949?
No more Article 48, no Prussia, contructive vote of no confidence
What % of the population in the FRG was Catholic?
45%
In what way did the CDU and SPD differ in terms of economic policy?
CDU wanted market economy, SPD wanted more control
What was the Godesberg Programme, 1959?
SPD agreeing to be in coalitions with CDU
What was the Hallstein Doctrine?
FRG not recognising GDR or allies
