Germany

Question 1

How were the armed forces limited

Answer 1

The Rhineland was demilitarised
Army was restricted to 100,000 men
Navy restricted to 6 battleships and no submarines
No airforce allowed

Question 2

What were the territorial losses that Germany suffered after the treaty of Versailles

Answer 2

The Saar was given to France for 15 years
Alasce-Lorraine returned to France
All colonies taken and given to France and Britain as ‘mandates’
Forbidden to unite with Austria

Question 3

What were the early challenges of the Weimar Republic

Answer 3

1. Treaty of Versailles- war guilt, debt, shame ~ loss of power, army and status
2. The spartacists’ league- uprising in 1919, 100,000 communists~ gov. And police not strong enough> freikorps called in
3. Monarchists, Nationalists- Wolfgang kapp putsch~ army leave gov. high and dry, gov. flees Berlin for safety, tell people to go on general strike

Question 4

Describe the events of the 4th and 6th of January 1919

Answer 4

4th January - Ebert sacked Emil Eichhorn, the police chief in Berlin, who was popular

6th January - over 100,000 workers took to the streets. They seized the govs. Newspaper and telegram offices

Question 5

Why did Chancellor Ebert need the Freikorps in January 1919

Answer 5

He needed them to put down the spartacist rebels. The armed forces were in no shape to put down the revolt alone

Question 6

How did the spartacist revolt end

Answer 6

They were mainly unarmed and were no match to the Freikorp. By January 13th, the rebels had been driven off the streets. January 16th, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were arrested and killed by Freikorp officers

Question 7

Who were the Freikorp?

Answer 7

Thousands of offloaded soldiers who refused to give up their weapons. Many were right winged

Question 8

What happened in January 1923 when Germany failed to make a repetitions payment

Answer 8

The French sent troops into the German industrial area. They confiscated raw material, manufactured goods and machinery. They arrested those who obstructed them and brought in their own workers.

Question 9

What was the impact of the occupation of the Ruhr

Answer 9

The occupation of the Ruhr crippled Germany as it contained many factories and 80% of German coal, iron and steel reserves. It increased Germanys debts, unemployment and worsened shortage of goods.

Question 10

How did the Dawes plan help

Answer 10

Reparations were temporarily reduced to £50 million a year, US banks agreed to loan to Germany. Ensured that allies got their repetition payments.

Question 11

How did the young plan help

Answer 11

Reduced the repetition payment down by 20%. It reduced the amount of time over which they would be paid from indefinite to 59 years with payments to end in 1988

Question 12

What was the Locarno pact

Answer 12

France promised peace’s with Germany. The Rhineland would be permanently demilitarised. Open talks about German membership to the League of Nations.

It made war in Europe less likely and Germany was now treated as an equal

Question 13

What were the terms, strengths and weaknesses of the League of Nations

Answer 13

Terms- Germany was given a place on the League of Nations council
Strengths- boosted the confidence of most Germans in the Weimar Republic
Weaknesses- not all political parties agreed and to some, the league was a symbol of the hated treaty

Question 14

What were the terms and strengths of the Kellogg-Brian’s pact 1928

Answer 14

Terms- promised that states would not use war to achieve foreign policy aims
Strengths-

Question 15

what were the 5 parts of the NSDAP when Hitler set it up?

Answer 15

party policy, Hitler’s personal appeal, party organisation, party leadership and the SA

Question 16

what was the role of the SA

Answer 16

It was a way that Hitler kept control of the party. They were a paramilitary force. They were often ex soldiers. They paraded the streets as a show of force and was used to control crowds at NSDAP meetings

Question 17

what was the SS

Answer 17

Hitler’s personally selected trusted members of the SA to be his personal body guards

Question 18

what were the long term causes of the Munich Putsch

Answer 18

because of the list of reparations and the loss of German colonies there was a deep resentment of the Weimar government, this created support for the NSDAP. due to the growth of the party, the Bavarian state leaders weren’t fans of the Weimar government.

Question 19

what were the medium term causes of the Munich Putsch

Answer 19

from 1921-22, Hitler was influenced by the fascists. mussolini led his paramilitary in a march of Rome forcing the italien government to accept his as their new leader

Question 20

what were the short term causes of the Munich Putsch

Answer 20

in 1923, hyperinflation peaked, buying goods became almost impossible. in 1923, the Ruhr was occupied, any one who intervened was arrested. people became aggravated, the republic seemed weak. it was the perfect time to exploit grievances, in November Hitler made a bid for power

Question 21

what happened on the 8th November 1923

Answer 21

Bavarian government officials were meeting, Hitler burst in with a gun declaring he was taking over the state of Bavaria, held Kahr, Seisser and Lossow at gun point and demanded the support him.

Question 22

what is the definition of Totalitarianism

Answer 22

throwing off democracy and instead putting power in the hands of the state- preferably one leader who could organise everything for the benefit of the people.