German Romantic Lied/ Virtuoso / fantasia

Question 1

what is a new idea of of music in the 19th century related to musical cannon?

Answer 1

the 19th C was the first time music lovers were beginning to think of music history. there was an imaginary museum of important and good musical works being constructed.

Question 2

what do we see socio-economically in the beginning of 19C

Answer 2

the rise of the middle class, especially after the French Rev. There was so much more money and people who wanted to play music. there is a new amateur publication market.

Question 3

why is - a reduction in traditional musical training from a young age - significant?

Answer 3

professional musicians in the 18C and becore usually had a formal musical education from childhood. in the 19C there is less standardization of this kind of education. people were not being funneled/forced into musical education really anymore

Question 4

what is transcendence

Answer 4

connect with something so intensely that it is sort of an out of body experience. it is art so profound that it elevates your awareness of everything. in music, Beethoven is seen as a transcendant composer

Question 5

wgat are characteristics of romanticism

Answer 5

preference for the original, unique effects, extremities of expressiveness, enriched harmonic vocabulary, new textures and timbres.

Question 6

what is seen as the first german romantic lied

Answer 6

Schuberts Gretchen am spinnrade” October 14, 1814

Question 7

who was schuberts favourite poet

Answer 7

Goethe

Question 8

how many lied did schubert write

Answer 8

600+

Question 9

what is Schubert’s most prominent gift

Answer 9

writing melody

Question 10

who is the composer of lied who came after schubert

Answer 10

Robert schumann

Question 11

what is different about schumanns vs schuberts Lieds

Answer 11

Schumann approached his text setting from the perspective of a pianist. the piano parts were difficult and amazing.

Question 12

what is the clara motice

Answer 12

using the notes C-L(B)-A-R(G#)-A frequently in succession.

Question 13

what is one of Schumanns most important Lieder cycles

Answer 13

Dichterliebe - 16 songs from 60+ poems arranged in such an order that they form a love affair

Question 14

what composer comes after Schumann in terms of Lied

Answer 14

Brahms

Question 15

how many lied did Brahms compose

Answer 15

380

Question 16

what is different about brahms

Answer 16

he was never a prodigy or insanely crazy talented, but he was a diligent student who was deliberate and meticulous with a mastery of counterpoint.

Question 17

who came after Brahms in terms of Lieder

Answer 17

Hugo Wolf

Question 18

how is wolf seen compared to Brahms

Answer 18

progressive rather than conservative/traditional

Question 19

how many lieder did Wolf compose

Answer 19

300

Question 20

what is the most important part of the composition for Wolf

Answer 20

the poem, then the piano.- he achieved new levels of text expression, he found a more fully integrated fusion of text and music.

Question 21

how was Wolf progressive in his compositions

Answer 21

he wrote with harmonic ambiguity, and intense chromaticism - however there is a reason for these avant garde techniques that were always backed by the poem

Question 22

who is Clara Schumann

Answer 22

a highly celebrated performer and composer, married Robert Schumann

Question 23

what is important about Clara’s public performances

Answer 23

since she was a woman, she wasn’t necessarily being forced to play her own compositions - she began playing music by older artists and popularizing canonical music

Question 24

what types of music did Clara publish?

Answer 24

Lied, solo piano rep, chamber music. usually smaller genres because she had a harder time getting published

Question 25

who is Fanny Menselssohn

Answer 25

the sister of Felix Mendelssohn - pursued music asa sort of hobby but was extremely good at it. was Felix’s closest confidant

Question 26

who is Chopin

Answer 26

a very influential pianist, native of Warsaw Poland. and eventually moved to Paris

Question 27

how did chopin make a lot of his money

Answer 27

teaching wealthy peoples children, and earned a reputation as one of the biggest composers.

Question 28

what are Chopins most composed-genres? (7)

Answer 28

mazurkas, nocturnes, Etudes, Polonaises, Waltzes, Preludes, Ballades

Question 29

what are etudes

Answer 29

a study that helps work on a single technical aspect of playing. a pedagogical genre that Chopin reinvented to be able to play in concerts as standalone pieces

Question 30

what is a mazurka

Answer 30

a polish dance in 19C style. accented 2nd or 3rd beat in 3/4 time.

Question 31

what is a virtuoso 18th C version

Answer 31

focus on talent and skill, but also knowledge. superiority of talent, skill, or knowledge.

Question 32

virtuoso 19th C version

Answer 32

used to describe performers and their skill in their instrument

Question 33

virtuoso definition now

Answer 33

a person of notable accomplishment - a skillful performer, more importantly a composer, theorist, maestro di capella.

Question 34

who is paganini

Answer 34

an Italian Violinist prodigy.

Question 35

how did Paganini influence piano virtuoso culture

Answer 35

Liszt heard him play and was greatly influenced, liszt sort of led the piano virtuoso scene

Question 36

what nationality is Liszt

Answer 36

Hungarian

Question 37

what is significant about the 19th C fantasia

Answer 37

it was EVERYWHERE. a commonplace name applied to sonatas, overtures, even symphonies.

Question 38

what are the different types of 19th C piano fantasia (3)

Answer 38

program fantasia, salon fantasia, grand fantasia/opera fantasia

Question 39

What was liszts method with operatic fantasia

Answer 39

started out as improvisations on operatic arias usually suggested by the audience. after he played them a couple times for various audiences he would write them out

Question 40

what are liszts different approaches to the operatic fantasia

Answer 40

transcription, paraphrase, theme and variations.