German Romantic Lied/ Virtuoso / fantasia Flashcards
what is a new idea of of music in the 19th century related to musical cannon?
the 19th C was the first time music lovers were beginning to think of music history. there was an imaginary museum of important and good musical works being constructed.
what do we see socio-economically in the beginning of 19C
the rise of the middle class, especially after the French Rev. There was so much more money and people who wanted to play music. there is a new amateur publication market.
why is - a reduction in traditional musical training from a young age - significant?
professional musicians in the 18C and becore usually had a formal musical education from childhood. in the 19C there is less standardization of this kind of education. people were not being funneled/forced into musical education really anymore
what is transcendence
connect with something so intensely that it is sort of an out of body experience. it is art so profound that it elevates your awareness of everything. in music, Beethoven is seen as a transcendant composer
wgat are characteristics of romanticism
preference for the original, unique effects, extremities of expressiveness, enriched harmonic vocabulary, new textures and timbres.
what is seen as the first german romantic lied
Schuberts Gretchen am spinnrade” October 14, 1814
who was schuberts favourite poet
Goethe
how many lied did schubert write
600+
what is Schubert’s most prominent gift
writing melody
who is the composer of lied who came after schubert
Robert schumann
what is different about schumanns vs schuberts Lieds
Schumann approached his text setting from the perspective of a pianist. the piano parts were difficult and amazing.
what is the clara motice
using the notes C-L(B)-A-R(G#)-A frequently in succession.
what is one of Schumanns most important Lieder cycles
Dichterliebe - 16 songs from 60+ poems arranged in such an order that they form a love affair
what composer comes after Schumann in terms of Lied
Brahms
how many lied did Brahms compose
380
what is different about brahms
he was never a prodigy or insanely crazy talented, but he was a diligent student who was deliberate and meticulous with a mastery of counterpoint.
who came after Brahms in terms of Lieder
Hugo Wolf
how is wolf seen compared to Brahms
progressive rather than conservative/traditional
how many lieder did Wolf compose
300
what is the most important part of the composition for Wolf
the poem, then the piano.- he achieved new levels of text expression, he found a more fully integrated fusion of text and music.
how was Wolf progressive in his compositions
he wrote with harmonic ambiguity, and intense chromaticism - however there is a reason for these avant garde techniques that were always backed by the poem
who is Clara Schumann
a highly celebrated performer and composer, married Robert Schumann
what is important about Clara’s public performances
since she was a woman, she wasn’t necessarily being forced to play her own compositions - she began playing music by older artists and popularizing canonical music
what types of music did Clara publish?
Lied, solo piano rep, chamber music. usually smaller genres because she had a harder time getting published
who is Fanny Menselssohn
the sister of Felix Mendelssohn - pursued music asa sort of hobby but was extremely good at it. was Felix’s closest confidant
who is Chopin
a very influential pianist, native of Warsaw Poland. and eventually moved to Paris
how did chopin make a lot of his money
teaching wealthy peoples children, and earned a reputation as one of the biggest composers.
what are Chopins most composed-genres? (7)
mazurkas, nocturnes, Etudes, Polonaises, Waltzes, Preludes, Ballades
what are etudes
a study that helps work on a single technical aspect of playing. a pedagogical genre that Chopin reinvented to be able to play in concerts as standalone pieces
what is a mazurka
a polish dance in 19C style. accented 2nd or 3rd beat in 3/4 time.
what is a virtuoso 18th C version
focus on talent and skill, but also knowledge. superiority of talent, skill, or knowledge.
virtuoso 19th C version
used to describe performers and their skill in their instrument
virtuoso definition now
a person of notable accomplishment - a skillful performer, more importantly a composer, theorist, maestro di capella.
who is paganini
an Italian Violinist prodigy.
how did Paganini influence piano virtuoso culture
Liszt heard him play and was greatly influenced, liszt sort of led the piano virtuoso scene
what nationality is Liszt
Hungarian
what is significant about the 19th C fantasia
it was EVERYWHERE. a commonplace name applied to sonatas, overtures, even symphonies.
what are the different types of 19th C piano fantasia (3)
program fantasia, salon fantasia, grand fantasia/opera fantasia
What was liszts method with operatic fantasia
started out as improvisations on operatic arias usually suggested by the audience. after he played them a couple times for various audiences he would write them out
what are liszts different approaches to the operatic fantasia
transcription, paraphrase, theme and variations.
