German History Vocab Flashcards
(aus+dat) hervorgehen
to emerge
zerbrechen
breaks/is broken
sich (auf+acc) stützen
to rely on/be based on
Alliierten
allied forces
hat sich herausgestellt
turned out
bestritten
denied
betrachten
to regard/view/look at
vorsilbe
prefix
verflechtung
entanglement/intertwining
ueberschritten
exceeded
belege
supporting documents
vorherrschaft
domination/supremacy
bremsen
brake/slowdown
vormarsch
advance
verflochtene
intertwined
wohlstand
prosperity/affluence
beruht
is based/founded on
unvorstellbaren
unimaginable
gewoehnlich
usually
stiftungen
foundation/donation
forst vermögen
forestry fortune
gebete
prayers
festgeschreiben
codified
beduerftige
beggar/needy
beschränkte
limited/restricted
fortschritt
progress/improvement
emporschwingen
to soar up
gelang
suceeded
agrarland
agricultural land
ruf
call/reputation
enstanden
developed/emerged
treiben
drove/push
durchbruch
breakthrough
nahtlosen
smooth/seamless
radreifens
wheel tire
richtete
judged/established
versuchwerkstaetten
experimental workshops
gilt es
it applies
ueberwinden
overcome
ueberleben
survive/outlive
betrachtet
considered
anzunehmen
to accept
populimussschub
populism surge
freihandel
free trade
litt
suffered
getreide
grain
erhoehen
lifted
befuerworter
supporter/advocater
durchgesetzt
enforced/put through
zoelle
duties/customs
schotteten
sectioned off
zwar
indeed/though
import quotas
import quotas
betreibe
operations
Kettenreaktion
chain reaction
Gegenwaertige
present
Mildern
ease /mitigate
Foerfder
funding
Leittragenden
suffering
Festhalten
hold tight/ keep hold of
sich (auf+acc) stützen
to rest on s.th.
schüren (+acc)
to add fuel to s.th, to stoke, to stir s.th. up, to whip s.th. up
mittlerweile
in the meantime, meantime, meanwhile, by now
scheitern
to fail, to break down, to collapse, to come to grief
somit
consequently, therefore, hence, thus
zustehen (+dat)
to be entitled to s.th.
(dat) (acc) übertragen
to assign s.o. s.th., to consign s.th. to s.o., to convey s.th. to s.o.
gelangen
vto arrive in/at, to reach, to attain (to), to end up, to get (to)
zwar… , aber…
it is true that… but…, I admit that… but…
aufgrund (+gen) .
because of, due to, as a result of, by virtue of
vorausgegangen
previous
die Wahl (-en)
election, elections, poll
die Stimme
vote
der Preuße
Prussian
Preußen
Prussia
mit Abstand
by far
für seine/ihre Zwecke einspannen (+acc).
to use s.o. for one’s own ends
gedenken, etwas zu tun
to intend to do s.th., to mean to do s.th.
berufen (+acc)
to appoint s.o. (to a post)
der Anhänger
supporter, fan, follower, stalwart
überwiegen
to outbalance, to prevail
abwählen (+acc)
to deselect s.o., to drop s.o.
tatsächlich
actually, as a matter of fact, in reality, sure enough
die NSDAP
National Socialist German Workers’s Party
sich (aus+dat) ergeben
to be the result of, to ensue, s.th. is due to s.th.
eindeutig
other clear-cut, unambiguous
die Unterdrückung
oppression, suppression, repression
sich behaupten
to sustain one’s position, to hold/stand one’s ground, to assert oneself
die Rüstung
the armor
die Rüstungsindustrie (-n)
armaments industry, arms industry, defence industry
zunehmend
increasingly
die Geste (-n)
gesture, act
geeignet
suitable, appropriate
die Niederlage (-n)
defeat
lindern
to ease s.th., to relieve s.th., to allay s.th., to alleviate s.th., to mitigate s.th., to soothe s.th.
spätestens
no later than, at the latest
besetzen (+acc)
to occupy s.th., to garrison s.th.
funktionieren
to function, to operate, to do the job, to work
in Erfüllung gehen
to come true
das Ansehen
prestige, reputation, repute, renown, esteem
schwindelerregend
dizzying
die Angliederung (-en)
annexation
hingegen
on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, however
bislang
so far, to date, up to the present
die Errichtung
formation
dennoch
however, nevertheless, yet, all the same, notwithstanding, anyhow, (but) for all that
beeindruckt
impressed
die Steigerung (-en)
increase, cumulation, augmentation, gain
die Macht
power, might, potency, force, clout
hinnehmen (+acc)
to accept s.th., to acquiesce to/in s.th., to put up with s.th./s.o.
stets
always, ever
die Tat (-en)
action, deed, act, exploit, feat, achievement
rechtfertigen (+acc)
to justify s.th., to vindicate s.th., to legitimate s.th.
das Volk
people, nation
berechtigt
legitimate, justifiable, entitled
sinnvoll
reasonable, sensible, meaningful, wise, expedient
einleuchten (+dat)
s.th. makes sense to s.o.
die Eingliederung (-en)
annexation, taking, integration
gebildet
educated, well-educated, civilised, cultured, intellectual
die Empfindung (-en)
feeling, sentiment, sensation, perception
die Vernunft
reason, rationality, sanity
die Wirkung (-en)
effect, impact, impression
sich (=dat) (+gen) bewusst sein
to be conscious of s.th./s.o., to be aware of s.th./s.o.
erklären (+acc)
to explain s.th., to explain about s.th., to illustrate s.th., to declare s.th., to make a declaration
gewaltig
huge, mighty, powerful, immense, giant, enormous
bestehen
to exist, to be in existence
erwachen
awakening
die Krone
crown
der Glanz
glamour
(über+acc) hinwegsehen
to overlook s.th.
verabschieden (+acc)
to pass (a law), to adopt s.th., to approve s.th.
staatsbürgerlich
civic
der Jude
Jew
die Gleichberechtigung
equality, equal rights, equal status
die Diskriminierung (-en)
discrimination, apartheid
amtlich
official
der Bericht (-e)
report, account, record
die Stimmung (-en)
population, human population, populace
die Erleichterung
relief
nunmehr
from now on, henceforth, henceforward, now
gesetzlich
by law, lawful, legal, statutory
der Überfall (die Überfälle)
assault, attack, invasion, aggression, raid
ersehnen (+acc)
to long for s.th./s.o., to desire s.th./s.o.
der Rundfunk
radio, radio broadcasting, broadcasting service, wireless
der Stolz
pride
der Höhepunkt
climax, peak, culmination
erreichen (+acc)
to reach s.th., to arrive at s.th., to hit s.th.
kapitulieren
to capitulate, to surrender
im Nachhinein
in retrospect, after the event, afterwards, with hindsight
der Feldzug (die Feldzüge)
campaign, military campaign, drive
die Sowjetunion
Soviet Union
infolgedessen
consequently, hence
(für+acc) halten
to consider s.o./s.th. as s.th., to believe s.o./s.th to be s.o./s.th., to take s.o./s.th for s.o./s.th.
der Bischof (die Bischöfe)
bishop
evangelisch
Protestant
katholisch
Catholic
atheistisch
atheistic
erfahren (+acc)
to experience s.th., to hear s.th.
das Lob
praise, plaudit, accolade, commendation
die Anerkennung
recognition, approval, tribute, compliment
mutig
courageous, brave, bold, audacious
zitieren (+acc)
to quote s.th./s.o., to cite s.th./s.o.
der Historiker
historian
an+dat) lehren
to teach at
der Geist
spirit
der Ungeist
demon
der/die Geisteskranke
mentally ill person
acc) in Frage stellen
to call s.th. into question, to question s.th., to query s.th.
der Erdteil (-e)
continent
die Geschichte
history
geschichtlich
historical
der Akademiker
academic, university graduate, graduate
veranlassen (+acc)
to induce s.o./s.th.
das Regime (-s)
regime
wider (+acc)
against
(dat) (acc) zur Verfügung stellen
to make s.th. available to s.o.
der Glaube (-n)
belief
(mit+dat) übereinstimmen
to be in agreement with s.o./s.th, to conform to s.th.
die Politik
politics, policy
der Vertreter (-)
representative, exponent
aufwachsen
to grow up
der Emporkömmling (-e)
upstart, parvenu, social climber
überwinden (+acc)
to overcome s.th., to get over s.th., to conquer s.th.
äußerst
extreme, utmost
der Antisemit (-en)
neither…nor…
roh
brutal, raw, barbarous, rude
die Gewalt
violence, force
befürworten (+acc)
to favour s.th., to back s.th., to advocate s.th., to approve s.th., to endorse s.th.
die Ausrottung (-en)
extermination, eradication
fordern (+acc)
to demand s.th., to call for s.th., to ask for s.th.
entweder…oder
either…or…
begrüßen (+acc)
to welcome s.o./s.th., to greet s.th., to appreciate s.th.
widerspruchslos
without contradiction
moralisch
morally
lähmen (+acc)
to paralyse s.o./s.th.
die Vernichtung (-en)
annihilation, elimination, extermination, destruction, obliteration
zugeben (+acc)
to admit s.th., to confess s.th., to own up to s.th., to concede
(an+dat) fehlen
to lack s.th.
beredt
eloquent
erkämpfen (+acc)
to fight (hard) for s.th., to win s.th.
die Bewegung (-en)
movement
erringen (+acc)
to win s.th., to achieve s.th.
vorüber
over, past
schlagartig
abruptly, promptly
(dat) erspart bleiben
to escape s.th., to be spared of s.th.
sich (=dat) vornehmen
to intend to do s.th., to plan to do s.th.
die Überwindung
overcoming
das Christentum
Christianity, Christendom
das Judentum
Judaism, Jewry
die Überzeugung (-en)
conviction, belief, credo, creed, opinion
der Sieger (-)
victor, winner
besiegen (+acc)
to defeat s.o., to beat s.o., to conquer s.th.
sich (über+acc) verständigen
to agree on s.th.
überleben (+acc).
to survive s.th.
der/die Alliierte (-n)
ally
(acc) zur Rechenschaft ziehen
to bring s.o. to justice, to bring s.o. to book
frühzeitig
early, at an early stage
die Schuld
guilt
gründlich
thorough, systematic, exhaustive
die Umkehr
change, reversion, reversal
der Beifall
applause, approval
allmählich
gradually, by and by, little by little, step by step
(dat) Widerstand leisten
to resist s.o./s.th., to offer resistance
der Gegner (-)
opponent, adversary, foe, rival
der Adel
aristocracy, gentry, nobility
das Beamtentum
civil service
bevorzugen (+acc)
to prefer s.o./s.th., to favour s.o./s.th, to privilege
das Verbrechen (-)
crime, outrage, felony
verbrecherisch
criminal
im Großen und Ganzen
by and large, on the whole, in the main, overall, generally speaking
anständig
reputable, respectable, proper, decent
leugnen (+acc)
to deny s.th.
die Verantwortung
responsibility
oberst
very high, highest, most important
verführen (+acc)
to mislead s.o., to ensnare s.o., to entrap s.o., to seduce s.o.
der Druck
pressure
die Pflicht (-en)
duty, obligation, responsibility
bedürfen (+gen)
to require s.th., to need s.th./s.o.
die Sicht (-en)
view, point of view, dimension
sich durchsetzen
to become (widely) accepted, to win through, to prevail, to catch on
vorherrschend
prevailing
die Deutung (-en)
interpretation, analysis
der Kriegsausbruch (die Kriegsausbrüche)
outbreak of (the) war
der Umgang
handling
die Vergangenheit
(the) past
was (+acc) angeht
regarding, with regard to, concerning, as far as…is concerned
die Erfahrung (-en)
experience
aufbauen (+acc)
to build s.th., to establish s.th.
(dat) (acc) ansagen
to announce s.th to s.o., to promise (to s.o.) (that s.th. will happen)
scheinbar
seemingly
beseitigen (+acc)
to abolish s.th., to get rid of s.th., to do away with s.th.
wirksam
effective, potent, efficient
einigermaßen
in some degree, to some degree, to some extent, somewhat, reasonably
damals at that time, back then, then
die Ära (die Ären)
era, age
gemäßigt
moderate
der Ruf
reputation, repute, standing
der Machtwechsel (-)
change of government, change of power
ergänzen (+acc)
to complement, to add to, to supplement s.th.
erträglich
bearable, tolerable, sufferable
gestalten (+acc)
to shape s.th., to fashion s.th., to design s.th., to form s.th., to devise s.th., to create s.th., to frame s.th.
(über+acc) verfügen
to have s.th., to have s.th. available, to have s.th. at one’s command
die Diktatur (-en
dictatorship
gründen (+acc)
to found s.th.
der Beitritt (-e)
accession
in dieser Hinsicht
in this respect, in this regard, on that score, in respect thereof
endgültig
for good, definitely, definitively, conclusively, finally, irrevocably
klären (+acc)
to clarify s.th., to resolve s.th.
zeitgleich (mit+dat)
at the same time as, simultaneously
ölkerrechtlich
according to international law, under international law
völkerrechtlich
according to international law, under international law
die Voraussetzung (-en)
precondition, prerequisite, requirement, condition
der Gegensatz (die Gegensätze)
antagonism, contradiction, opposition, polarity, contrast, difference
die Einheit
unity
verwirklichen (+acc)
to fulfill s.th., to realise s.th., to achieve s.th., to put s.th. into effect
die Bedingung (-en)
condition, term
das Mitglied (-er)
member
die Mitgliedschaft (-en)
membership, affiliation
die Formel (-n)
set phrase
der Nationalstaat (-en)
nation state, national state
die Souveränität (-en)
sovereignty
der Rechtsstaat (-en)
state under the rule of law, constitutional state
der Bundesstaat (-en)
federal state
der Sozialstaat (-en)
welfare state, social state
räumlich
territorial, spatial
bestätigen (+acc)
to confirm s.th.
schaffen (+acc)
to create s.th., to bring s.th. (into being), to establish s.th.
zusammenfassen (+acc)
to summarise s.th., to sum up s.th.
die Rede (-n)
speech, address, oration
damalig
at that time, then
