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German History 1929-1947 > German History > Flashcards

German History Flashcards

1
Q

When was the treaty of Versailles ?

A

June1919

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2
Q

What were the Germans forced to admit I the treaty of Versailles?

A

Their guilt - Article 231 War Guilt clause

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3
Q

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations after ww1?

A

£6600 million

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4
Q

After treaty of Versailles, what happened to the German army?

A

It was cut to 100,000 and no tanks or aircraft were allowed

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5
Q

How much land did Germany lose after ww1

A

13%, 6 million Germans became non-German citizens. Alsace was returned to dance and no an house was allowed with Austria

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6
Q

According to the treaty of Versailles, which organisation was Germany not allowed to be part of?

A

The League of Nations

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7
Q

Name 3 strengths of the Weimar Republic

A

1) Germans willing to give govt a chance to avoid more war. 2) before he died in1929, chancellor stresseman introduced a new currency, got loans fromUSA and rejoined League of Nations 3) 1925 Hindenburg was elected.

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8
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Republic?

A

1) it was born out of defeat. 2) large number of parties, so weaker coalition. 3)people weren’t used to democracy 4) army wanted Kaiser to return 5)economic instability -hyperinflation, 6) reliance on USA economy so Wall Street crash was a disaster

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9
Q

When was German workers party (DAP) founded?

A

1919 by Anton Drexler

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10
Q

When was the DAP renamed the NSDAP (National Socialist Workers Party)?

A

1920

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11
Q

When did hitler become leader of the NSDAP?

A

1921

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12
Q

When hitler became leader of the NSDAP, what two distinctive trademarks of the nazi party did he introduce?

A

The swastika and the raised arm salute

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13
Q

Which organisation was formed in1921 to ptotect ask speakers?

A

the SA (Sturmabteilung)

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14
Q

How many members did the NSDAP have by 1923?

A

55,000

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15
Q

What did hitlers early speeches focus on?

A

Disgust at the treaty of Versailles, accusations against Jews and communinsts, the failures of the Weimar Republic

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16
Q

What was the government called which was formed at the end of world war 1

A

The Weimar Republic

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17
Q

When was the Munich putsch?

A

1923

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18
Q

When did the French Invade the Ruhr?

A

1923 - hitler not happy!!

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19
Q

What was the name of the German ex army commander who supported hitler in 1923

A

General Ludendorff.

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20
Q

Why was hitler arrested in 1923

A

He had held the key members of the Bavarian govt at gun point to force them to primes him their support.

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21
Q

Where was hitler in prison?

A

Landsberg. Sentence was 5 years but he only served nine months

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22
Q

What happened to the NSDAP while butler was in prison?

A

It was banned , but survived secretly

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23
Q

What did hitler do when he got out of jail?

A

Overturned the ban on the NSDAP, changed tactics and aimed to use the voting system to take over Weimar, Asked Rohm to resign as SA leader, set up Hitler Youth, put goebbels in charge of propaganda. He wanted to create an excellent image to win over the German people.

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24
Q

What 6 tactics did hitler use to get appointed chancellor?

A

1) the Munich putsch - although it failed it gave him publicity and the chance to write mein kampf, 2) violence -theSA intimidated opponents) 3) Wall Street crash caused Depression in Germany 4) change of tactics - tried to improve image 5) attractive policies - goebbels 6) a political deal with president Hindenburg and chancellor von papen.

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25
When did hitler become Reichskanzler? (Chancellor)
1933
26
How did the nazis consolidate their power 1933-1934?
Hitler became chancellor, the Reichstag fire, the enabling act, the night of the long knives, death of Hindenburg , oath of loyalty to hitler. Der Fuhrer!
27
Who became chancellor in March 1930?
Bruning
28
Who took over as chancellor when Bruning was sacked in 1932?
Von Papen (nationalist) he reigned later that year.
29
Who took over from von papen in Nov 1932?
Von Schleicher
30
Why did Hindenburg ask hitler to become chancellor in 1933?
Von Papen had convinced him that a coalition between the basis with von Papen as vice chancellor would work
31
Why was the Reichstag fire helpful for hitler?
The communists were blamed. Hindenburg declared a state of emergency which meant he could rule without the Reichstag
32
What was the Enabling Act of 1933
It gave hitler the power to make laws for the next four years without Reichstag approval.
33
When was the night of the Long knives
30th of June 1934
34
Why did Hitler murder Rohm and the other SS leaders during the night of the Long knives
1) Rohm wanted to merge the SA with the army. 2) Hitler no longer needed the SA and was embarrassed by its violence. 3) he needed the support of the army officers who opposed Rohm.
35
What gave Hitler the opportunity to combine the role of President and Chancellor with the title of Fuhrer and Reichs chancellor and automatically become head of the army.
The death of Hindenburg on 4 August 1934
36
When was the RAD formed
1935
37
What was the RAD
It gave Young men manual labour jobs, it was compulsory from 1935 for all man aged 18 to 25 to serve for six months
38
What job creation schemes did Hitler set up
Building motorways hospitals schools and houses
39
What was the idea behind rearmament
To prepare for war, conscription meant young men joined the military service, money was spent building tanks aircraft and ships, The economy moved towards total War
40
What was KdF (Kraft durch Freude)?
It improved the leisure time of German workers including concerts theatre visits museum tours sporting events weekend trips holidays and cruises. People needed to find the beauty of work
41
What was the DAF (German Labour Front)
And organisation to which you had to belong to get a job. Wages were set by the DAF. Nazis banned all trade unions. The leader was Robert Ley
42
What was invisible unemployment?
Jews were sacked, unmarried men under 25 were pushed into the RAD, women were dismissed, opponents of the Nazis were removed.
43
Who replaced Schact in charge of the economy in 1937?
Goering and his four year plan. His aim was for autarchy to make Germany self-sufficient. Not successful as Germany still needed imports.
44
What was the role of women in the 1920s and 1930s
They had made political economic and social progress, they got the vote in the 1920s and in the 30s had seats in the Reichstag.
45
What did Hitler think the role of women should be
Traditional role of a mother and homemaker. She should take no interest in politics.
46
How did the Nazis encourage young couples to get married
They offered them loans to get married and if the woman left her job
47
How did Hitler encourage women to have lots of children
Medals were given out on Hitler's mother's birthday two women who had many babies. In the Lebensborn program unmarried women could become pregnant by the SS and donate the baby to Hitler
48
What 3Ks replaced jobs for women?
Kinde, Kuche, Kirche
49
How and why did Hitler change his ideas about women working in 1937?
The Nazis had to allow women to work to help to get ready for the war. But this was not very successful as many women had babies
50
How should women look
They were told to keep healthy, avoid slimming, wear their hair in a bun or plaits, not die or perm their hair, not wear trousers.
51
What did Hitler do to control education?
Teachers had to join the Nazi teaches league, textbooks were rewritten, Mein Kampf became a standard text, race studies were introduced, The curriculum was changed to prepare children for future life, for boys to join the army and for girls to manage the home. Lessons began with Heil Hitler.
52
When was the Hitler youth compulsory for young males
From 1939
53
At what age did you belong to the Hitler youth?
14 to 18
54
What did you do in the Hitler youth
Learnt not see songs did hiking, camping, marching, map reading and military skills
55
What was the name of the group that did not agree with youth movements?
The Edelweiss Pirates
56
Who controlled the police state?
Himmler
57
What was the SS?
A bodyguard unit for Hitler. They wore black and were totally obedient to Hitler. They were responsible for the removal of all opposition within Nazi Germany.
58
What was the gestapo?
The secret police. They worked for Goring. They could arrest and imprisonment people who were suspected of being against the Nazis.
59
How was the legal system controlled
Judges had to be members of the Nazi party. In 1934 a People's Court was established to try cases of treason. All judgeswere loyal. hitler would change sentences if he thought they were too soft.
60
Who was the Minister for popular enlightenment and propaganda?
Goebbels
61
How did Goebbels promote the Nazi party
Non Nazi newspapers and magazines were closed down. Radios were controlled and made cheaper to buy. Cinema glorified Hitler. Rallies showed the power and unity of the Nazis. Books were censored. Goebbels set up the Reich Chamber of Culture. Jazz music was banned and German folk music was celebrated
62
In 1933 what did Hitler sign with the Pope?
And agreement to allow the Catholic Church to run its churches schools and newspapers. In return bishops took an oath of loyalty to Hitler.
63
Why when did the Pope issue a letter condemning Hitler?
In 1937. He objected to the closure of many catholic churches and organisations. He also objected to the racist ideas and persecution of the Jews.
64
After the papal letter what happened to catholic priests?
They were arrested and sent to concentration camps. After this the majority of Catholics accepted his regime.
65
How and when did Hitler attempted gain control over German Protestant
In 1933 he set up a single Reichs church under a Nazi Bishop
66
What was the name of the pastor who lead over three quarters of Protestant pastors to form a rival confessional church which opposed the persecutionof the Jews.
Niemoller
67
What was Hitler's response to the rival confessional church?
Niemoller and others were sent to concentration camps. Mein Kampf replaced the Bible. The crucifix was replaced by the Nazi sword.
68
What were the Nazi beliefs on race?
Blond haired blue-eyed Germans or Aryanswere a race. They were the master race. All other inferior races were arranged in a hierarchy beneath them. Near the bottom came black people and below then non-people such as gypsies and Jews
69
Other than the Jews who were undesirables?
Homosexuals, Gypsies, and the mentally ill
70
What does euthanasia mean
Quiet and easy death.
71
When did Hitler start his euthanasia program and what was it?
In 1939. Over 5000 children in clinics were killed by starvation or lethal injection. Over 71,000 adults were killed by injections or gassing. The program was stopped in 1941 in the face of protests started by catholic priests
72
What messages did Hitler take against the Jews in 1933?
Ordered boycott of their shops and businesses, Jewish books burnt, law passed to exclude Jews from government jobs, Jewish civil servant lawyers and university teachers sacked
73
Which year were Jews banned from public spaces such as parks, playing fields and swimming pools?
1934
74
When were the Nuremberg laws passed?
15 September 1935
75
What did the Nuremberg laws state?
Only those of German blood can be German citizens. Marriage or sexual relations between Jews and Germans citizens were banned.
76
How did Hitler further limit the careers of Jews in 1936 to 37?
Professional activities were banned or restricted, including vets, Dentists, accountants, surveyors, teachers and nurses. Qualifications of Jewish doctorswere cancelled.
77
When was kristallnacht?
November 9, 1938.
78
What was Kristallnacht a response to?
The murder of a German diplomat by a Jew in Paris
79
What was Kristallnacht?
A three day campaign to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues. About 90 were killedand 20,000 arrested and put into concentration camps. Jewish people were fined for the damage.
80
In 1938 Jews with a non-Jewish first names had to add what names to the first aims?
Israel for men, Sarah for women
81
When did Hitler exclude Jewish children from German schools and universities?
1938
82
Jews were already not allowed to be civil servants lawyers doctors their professional activities were restricted for example vets dentists accountants surveyors teachers and nurses. In 1939 how did Hitler further restrict employment for Jews?
They were no longer allowed to run shops and businesses. They were also not allowed to own radios

German History 1929-1947 (1 decks)

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