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LECOM 2nd year 1 credit courses > geriatrics-non-self study > Flashcards

geriatrics-non-self study Flashcards

1
Q

how do older patients present with atypical presentation

A

with less mood symptoms, more somatic (pain, weight loss, insomnia), more irritability, decreased function, social isolation and poor grooming

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2
Q

what age does the brain peak

A

25

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3
Q

true or false: mental disorders are normal part of normal aging

A

FALSE

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4
Q

at what age does ability to hear higher frequency decrease

A

30

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5
Q

what is the term for hearing loss ascribed by aging effects

A

presbycusis

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6
Q

why is cardiac output impaired with age

A

decreased beta adrenergic response

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7
Q

why is HTN/stroke increased with age

A

decreased compliance

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8
Q

why is CHF increased with age

A

increased heart thickness

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9
Q

why are dysrhythmias more common with age

A

increased left atrium, SA node dysfunction

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10
Q

what is the largest group of immunocompromised individuals

A

older adults

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11
Q

what is the most frequently missed diagnosis on autopsy

A

pneumonia

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12
Q

how does pneumonia typically present in older adults

A

nausea and vomiting or diarrhea in up to 20%; new cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, or an actual infraction in 10%

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13
Q

where is TB most likely in older adults

A

middle or lower lobe infiltrate is more likely than classic upper lobe

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14
Q

define disability

A

difficulty or dependency in carrying out activities essential for independent living

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15
Q

what state has the greatest percentage of its citizens over the age 65

A

florida

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16
Q

what state has the greatest number of seniors

A

california

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17
Q

what race is the greatest proportion of racial/ethnic senior citizens

A

african americans

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18
Q

what things are not covered under medicare

A

custodial care, dental care, eye exams, dentures, cosmetics, acupuncture, hearing aids, foot care

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19
Q

what does an organisms reaction to stressors involve

A

cellular responses of apoptosis, senescence, and repairs

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20
Q

why is the hay flick limit with senescence

A

between 40-60 cell divisions (before senescence)

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21
Q

why are antipsychotics to be avoided as first line treatment of delirium

A

because of conflicting evidence on their effectiveness and the potential for adverse drug effects

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22
Q

what is the most consistent risk factor for adverse drug reactions

A

number of prescriptions

23
Q

what are the most common body regions for pressure sulcers

A

sacrum, heels, ischial tuberosities, greater trochanters, and lateral malleoli

24
Q

when should urgent sharp debridement be preformed

A

if advancing cellulitis or sepsis occurs

25
Q

who are systemic antibiotics used in

A

patients with advancing cellulitis, osteomyelitis, or systemic infection

26
Q

what is the main risk factor for delirium

A

medications (ie: diphenhydramine)

27
Q

what allele has increased risk for dementia

A

APOE4

28
Q

what secondary amine TCAs are most appropriate for older patients

A

nortriptyline and desipramine

29
Q

what is HELP focused on

A

preventing delirium and functional decline

30
Q

what opioid analgesic is used for respiratory depression and sedation

A

naloxone hydrochloride

31
Q

what are the 2 major components of the pathophysiology of frailty

A

accelerated decrease in physiological reserve and failing homeostatic mechanisms

32
Q

what is the term for age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

A

sarcopenia

33
Q

what are the criteria for frailty and how many do you need

A

3; slow walking speed, poor hand grip, exhaustion, weight loss, low energy expenditure

34
Q

what is the exclusion criteria for SOF

A

inability to walk without the assistance of another person

35
Q

what must be effectively ruled out before diagnosing dementia

A

delirium and depression

36
Q

what is the most common type of dementia

A

alzheimer’s disease

37
Q

describe the disinhibition associated with frontotemporal dementia

A

public urination, flatulence without concern, inappropriate grasps. offensive remarks or invade other’s personal space

38
Q

what are the cardinal motor features associated with parkinson disease with dementia

A

bradykinesia and akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability

39
Q

what symptoms do individuals with depression usually describe

A

symptoms of hypothyroidism

40
Q

describe homeostenosis

A

reduced capacity to adjust to stressors; increase susceptibility to illness; physiologic decline plus disease results in excess morbidity and disability

41
Q

at what age does creativity peak

A

30

42
Q

how long is intellect maintained

A

until at least age 80

43
Q

What is the term for hearing loss ascribed to aging effects

A

presbycusis

44
Q

at what age does strength and coordination peak

A

19

45
Q

at what age is the body most flexible

A

age 20

46
Q

what is the term for a state of sudden confusion that can last days, weeks, or even months

A

delirium

47
Q

what is the most reliable sign for geriatric depression

A

anhedonia

48
Q

why should benzodiazepines be avoided in geriatrics

A

rebound insomnia, sedati o into the daytime, tolerance and withdrawal

49
Q

how many chronic primary diseases must be present for geriatric syndrome multimorbidity

A

3 or more

50
Q

what is typically the first presentation of disease

A

functional loss

51
Q

Which drug should be used with symptom profile of apathy, retardation

A

Bupropion

52
Q

What drug should be used with symptom profile of insomnia, anxiety, anorexia

A

Mirtazapine

53
Q

What drug should be used for symptom profile of pain

A

Duloxetine

54
Q

What drug should be used with symptom profile of atypical, melancholic, anxious

A

Venlafaxine

LECOM 2nd year 1 credit courses (2 decks)

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