Geriatrics Chp 39

Question 1

Stenosis

Answer 1

constriction or narrowing of a passage or opening such as heart valves

Question 2

Cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 2

increased size of the heart from thickening of the heart wall

Question 3

dysrythmias

Answer 3

irregular myocardial contractions from electrical disturbances in the heart.

Question 4

arteriosclerosis

Answer 4

loss of vascular wall elasticity from thickening and hardening

Question 5

chronic

Answer 5

long term, progressing gradually

Question 6

acute

Answer 6

with rapid onset

Question 7

Neuropathy

Answer 7

any disease of the nerves. “Peripheral neuropathy” involves weakness, numbness, tingling, or other neuropathic symptoms in the extremities

Question 8

Osteoporosis

Answer 8

loss of bone minerals that results in brittle bones

Question 9

kyphosis

Answer 9

abnormal curvature of the spine with convexity backward

Question 10

silent heart attack

Answer 10

a myocardial infaction that does not cause chest pain

Question 11

CHF

Answer 11

Congestive heart failure. Disease in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively.

Question 12

Pulmonary edema

Answer 12

fluid in the lungs. Left ventricle starts to eject less blood than the right, resulting in excessive pressure in the vessels in the lungs.

Question 13

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 13

blockage in the arteries of the lungs. This occurs when a blood clot breaks free from veins of the lower extremities or pelvis and is transported back thru the right side of the heart. Clot eventually lodges somewhere in the arteries of the lungs.

Question 14

Pneumonia

Answer 14

Infection of the lungs, usually from a bacterium or virus. Will have a fever with it.

Question 15

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 15

lung inflammation from aspiration of vomitus or foreign matter.

Question 16

COPD

Answer 16

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary diseases such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Results from the gradual deterioration of the pulmonary structures. Causes a disturbance in gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 17

Stroke

Answer 17

Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked by a clot, obstructing blood flow, or ruptures and allows blood to accumulate in the brain tissue.

Question 18

ICP

Answer 18

Intracranial pressure. Pressure in the brain causes nerve cells in the brain to die or malfunction from the pressure. Level of CO2 in the brain increases, which causes cerebral vessels to dilate and further increases ICP.

Question 19

TIA

Answer 19

Transient ischemic attack. Strokelike symptoms that disappear within 24hrs.

Question 20

Seizure

Answer 20

a sudden and temporary alteration in the mental status caused by massive electrical discharge in a group of nerve cells in the brain

Question 21

syncope

Answer 21

brief unresponsiveness from lack of blood flow to the brain; fainting.

Question 22

HHNS

Answer 22

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. Condition where the blood glucose level elevates because of inadequate insulin secretion or action on target cells, but enough insulin is secreted to keep mass amounts of fat from being metabolize for energy. Listen for Kussmaul breathing

Question 23

Drug toxicity

Answer 23

an toxic reaction to a drug or drugs, is a condition for which the elderly patient is more at risk than the younger patient.

Question 24

Dementia

Answer 24

Dementia is a condition resulting from the malfunctioning of normal brain activity.

Question 25

Delirium

Answer 25

not an emergency in itself; rather, it is indicative of a significant disturbance in some body system. It is a sudden onset of illusions, disjointed thoughts, incoherent speech, and increased or decreased psychomotor activity

Question 26

Alzheimer disease

Answer 26

Characterized by cerebral function loss. Affects more than 2 million Americans and responsible for 100,000 deaths/year in USA.

Question 27

Glaucoma

Answer 27

abnormal increase in intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve., resulting in peripheral vision loss and eventually blindness.

Question 28

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 28

Occurs when the long-term effects of their disease damage the small blood vessels of the eye.

Question 29

Cataracts

Answer 29

lens of the eye becomes cloudy from pathologic changes within the lens itself.

Question 30

dysarthria

Answer 30

defective speech caused by impairment of the tongue or other muscles.

Question 31

Bariatrics

Answer 31

Medical management of obese patients.

Question 32

paraplegic

Answer 32

paralysis from the waist down

Question 33

apnea monitor

Answer 33

device that monitors breathing and emits a warning signal if breathing stops

Question 34

tracheostomy

Answer 34

a surgical opening in the trachea

Question 35

stoma

Answer 35

a permanent surgical opening into the trachea

Question 36

Quadriplegic

Answer 36

paralyzed from the neck down

Question 37

condition where patient is paralyzed from the neck up

Answer 37

Vegetable (according to Amanda Waterhouse)

Question 38

CPAP

Answer 38

continuous positive airway pressure. device that provides a constant level of back pressure during inhalation and exhalation to keep bronchioles open and improve ventilation and oxygenation

Question 39

BiPAP

Answer 39

bilevel positive airway pressure. device that provides back pressure, higher during inhalation and lower during exhalation, to keep bronchioles open and improve ventilation and oxygenation.

Question 40

VAD

Answer 40

Vascular access device. a medical device that is used when a patient is in need of ongoing intravenous medications.

Question 41

Central Intravenous Catheter

Answer 41

a catheter that is designed to deliver medication into the central circulation of the body.

Question 42

surgically implanted medication delivery devices

Answer 42

med administration devices surgically placed beneath the skin outside the rib cage. also called a “TIVAS”

Question 43

Tivas

Answer 43

totally implantable venous access system that is a surgically implanted medication delivery device.

Question 44

ARF

Answer 44

acute renal failure. rapid loss of renal function that results in poor urine production and disturbance of electrolyte and fluid balances.

Question 45

CRF

Answer 45

chronic renal failure. progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months to years. aka CKD (chronic kidney disease

Question 46

Chronic kidney disease

Answer 46

same as CRF (chronic renal failure)

Question 47

dialysis

Answer 47

medical procedure designed to support lost function of the kidneys

Question 48

dialysis shunt

Answer 48

a joining of arterial and venous systems in such a way that the repeated needlesticks for dialysis cause a minimal damage to the body.

Question 49

Enteral feeding

Answer 49

provision of nutrition through a tube inserted through the nose, the mouth,h or a surgical opening in the abdomen into the GI system

Question 50

ostomy bag

Answer 50

pouch or bag that is attached outside the body to collect feces that are removed from the body thru an opening in the abdominal wall

Question 51

itraventricular shunt

Answer 51

a tube plaaced in a ventricle of the brain that extends to a blood vessel in the neck, heart, abdomen, or an external collector to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and keep intracranial pressure at an acceptable level.

Question 52

terminally ill

Answer 52

condition of a pt with a diseas that is expected to result in death, despite medical treatment

Question 53

hospice

Answer 53

a philosophy of care aimed at relief of symptoms for patients and support for their families during late stages of a terminal condition.