Geriatrics - Apex

Question 1

One metabolic equivalent (MET) corresponds to how much oxygen consumption?

Answer 1

3.5mL/min/kg

Question 2

Walking up two flights of stairs without stopping is equal to _____ METs.

Answer 2

4 METs

Question 3

A 70kg patient can walk up two flights of stairs without stopping. How much oxygen consumed per minute during this activity?

Answer 3

1,000mL O2/min

Question 4

Inability to achieve a METs of _____ is associated with increased perioperative risk

Answer 4

4

Question 5

For every MET a patient can achieve, mortality decreases by?

Answer 5

11%

Question 6

Which factor increases in the elderly?
Dead space
Lung elasticity
PaO2
Chest wall compliance

Answer 6

Dead space

Question 7

The increased dead space in elderly necessitates an increase in ______ to maintain a normal_______

Answer 7

Minute ventilation to maintain a normal PaCO2

Question 8

In an elderly patient which lung volumes and capacities are increased?

Answer 8

Residual Volume
Functional Residual Capacity
Closing Capacity

Question 9

In an elderly patient which lung volumes and capacities are decreased?

Answer 9

Vital Capacity
Expiratory Residual Volume

Question 10

In an elderly patient which lung volumes and capacities are unchanged?

Answer 10

Total Lung Capacity

Question 11

The following changes occur in the cardiovascular system in response to aging EXCEPT:
-diastolic dysfunction
-loss of elastin in arterial wall
-fibrosis of the cardiac conduction system
-increased Venous capacitance

Answer 11

-increased Venous capacitance

Question 12

Cardiac disease is the most common coexisting disease seen in the elderly. The four most common conditions are?

Answer 12

Hypertension
CAD
CHF
Myocardial ischemia