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WPPIV Geriatrics & Pediatrics > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Presbycusis?

A

decreased hearing acuity

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2
Q

Lens is located where?

A

Behind iris

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3
Q

Retina is located where?

A

Inside eyeball

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4
Q

The central part of the retina, provides detailed vision?

A

Macula

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5
Q

UV exposure is a risk factor for what condition?

A

Cataracts

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6
Q

True or false: Cataracts are painful?

A

False

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7
Q

Glaucoma is due to impaired inflow or outflow?

A

Impaired outflow

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8
Q

How many types of glaucoma are there?

A

Two types (Angle Closure Glaucoma & Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma)

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9
Q

Which type is more common?

  • Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
A

Open Angle Glaucoma (can’t be cured)

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10
Q

Which type is acute?

  • Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
A

Angle Closure Glaucoma

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11
Q

Which type is curable?

  • Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
A

Angle Closure Glaucoma

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12
Q

A patient comes to you with rapid rise in intra-ocular pressure, with redness and pain around the eye, severe headache, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision. What is the condition?

A

Angle Closure Glaucoma

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13
Q

Which is narrow angle glaucoma?

  • Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
A

Angle Closure Glaucoma

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14
Q

Farsighted people and people with smaller eyes are pre-disposed to which?

  • Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
A

Angle Closure Glaucoma

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15
Q

Which has insidious onset?

  • Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
A

Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma

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16
Q

The anterior chamber of the eye is bounded anteriorly by the _________ and posteriorly by the _________and ___________.

A

Anteriorly by Cornea

Posteriorly by Iris and Lens

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17
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus the variance must be greater than ______?

A

10mm Hg between inspiration and expiration in order to suggest asthma

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18
Q

What is Pulsus Paradoxus?

A

Blood pressure that varies more widely with respiration

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19
Q

Spirometer measures what?

A

Pulmonary function

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20
Q

What is a measurement of heart function?

A

Cardiac Output

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21
Q

What is a measurement of kidney function?

A

GFR

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22
Q

Which white blood cell will be activated in asthma?

A

Mast cell

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23
Q

True or False: A Mast cell is a granulocyte?

A

True. A granulocyte that contains histamine

24
Q

Beta-adrenergic agonists do what?

A

Broncho-dilators in asthma (Albuterol)

25
Q

What are medications for asthma?

A
  • Beta-adrenergic agonists
  • Cordisone (good for acute attacks)
  • Prednisone
26
Q

What are two things that might explain an adolescent with new onset behavioral changes?

A
  • Substance abuse

- Brain tumor

27
Q

What two things do doctors screen/test for substance abuse?

A
  • blood

- urine

28
Q

Adolescent declining grades, new onset behavior, depression may indicate?

A

Substance abuse

29
Q

True or False: Directly questioning a teenager about substance abuse (alone) is okay?

A

True

30
Q

The difference between substance abuse and substance dependence?

A

Abuse:

  • Leading to impairment
  • Causing failure of school work
  • Failing obligations
  • Physical Harm

Dependence:

  • loss of control
  • need for higher dosage
  • physical discomfort (when drug stopped)
  • psychological distress (when drug stopped)
  • Persistent use despite negative consequences
31
Q

These may all indicate what?

  • Physical abuse
  • Behavior problems
  • Changes at home
  • Decline in school work
  • Risque behavior
  • Involvement with the law
A

Children at risk for substance abuse

32
Q

What are the two most commonly used drugs?

A

Cigarettes and alcohol

33
Q

What category of drugs affects:

  • Mood
  • Perception
  • Consciousness
  • Thought
A

Psychoactive Drugs

34
Q

What are the four different drug categories?

A
  1. Opioids
  2. Hallucinogenics
  3. Stimulatants
  4. Depressants
35
Q

Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines, GHB are in which category of drug?

A

Depressants

36
Q

What is another name for the “Date - Rape” drug?

A

GHB

37
Q

True or False: A Benzodiazepine is a Tranquilizer?

A

True

38
Q

True or False: Cocaine stimulates the reward part of the brain?

A

True (withdrawal symptoms are inability to feel pleasure)

39
Q

This drug increases dopamine in the area of the limbic system and releases serotonin?

A

Ecstacy

40
Q

This common drug for depression also releases serotonin?

A

Prozac

41
Q

True or False: Marijuana is a hallucinogen?

A

True

42
Q

This hallucinogen is known for causing violent behavior?

A

PCP

43
Q

This drug category mimics the effects of the brains own endorphins?

A

Opioids (endophins are natural pain relievers)

44
Q

True or False: In ADHD there is decreased activity of certain brain regions in the frontal lobes.

A

True

45
Q

What are the three principal areas of dysfunction in ADHD?

A
  • Attention Deficit
  • Impulsivity
  • Hyperactivity
46
Q

True or False: Negative consequences is a treatment on ADHD?

A

True (also, positive reinforcement, Ritalin, Behaviour Modification)

47
Q

What are the causes of ADHD?

A
  • Psychosocial

- Genetics

48
Q

True or False: Phenylketonuria is a cognitive problem?

A

True as well as developmental

49
Q

List three factors that would put an infant at risk for iron deficiency anemia?

A
  • Low birth weight
  • Diet
  • Premature Birth
50
Q

True or False: Lead screening is done in individuals that live near old battery factories?

A

true

51
Q

True or False: Live virus vaccinations are given to pregnant women?

A

False

52
Q

What is precocious puberty?

A

Secondary sexual characteristic onset before age 8 in girls and 9 in males.

53
Q

True or false: precociuos puberty is more common in girls?

A

True

54
Q

Tx for open angle glaucoma?

A

Prostoglandin analogues. Beta blockers

55
Q

What condition: Macula edema, shower of spots, blurred vision?

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

WPPIV Geriatrics & Pediatrics (2 decks)

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