Geriatrics Flashcards
What is Presbycusis?
decreased hearing acuity
Lens is located where?
Behind iris
Retina is located where?
Inside eyeball
The central part of the retina, provides detailed vision?
Macula
UV exposure is a risk factor for what condition?
Cataracts
True or false: Cataracts are painful?
False
Glaucoma is due to impaired inflow or outflow?
Impaired outflow
How many types of glaucoma are there?
Two types (Angle Closure Glaucoma & Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma)
Which type is more common?
- Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
Open Angle Glaucoma (can’t be cured)
Which type is acute?
- Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Which type is curable?
- Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
Angle Closure Glaucoma
A patient comes to you with rapid rise in intra-ocular pressure, with redness and pain around the eye, severe headache, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision. What is the condition?
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Which is narrow angle glaucoma?
- Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Farsighted people and people with smaller eyes are pre-disposed to which?
- Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Which has insidious onset?
- Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
Open-Angle Closure Glaucoma
The anterior chamber of the eye is bounded anteriorly by the _________ and posteriorly by the _________and ___________.
Anteriorly by Cornea
Posteriorly by Iris and Lens
Pulsus Paradoxus the variance must be greater than ______?
10mm Hg between inspiration and expiration in order to suggest asthma
What is Pulsus Paradoxus?
Blood pressure that varies more widely with respiration
Spirometer measures what?
Pulmonary function
What is a measurement of heart function?
Cardiac Output
What is a measurement of kidney function?
GFR
Which white blood cell will be activated in asthma?
Mast cell
True or False: A Mast cell is a granulocyte?
True. A granulocyte that contains histamine
Beta-adrenergic agonists do what?
Broncho-dilators in asthma (Albuterol)
What are medications for asthma?
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
- Cordisone (good for acute attacks)
- Prednisone
What are two things that might explain an adolescent with new onset behavioral changes?
- Substance abuse
- Brain tumor
What two things do doctors screen/test for substance abuse?
- blood
- urine
Adolescent declining grades, new onset behavior, depression may indicate?
Substance abuse
True or False: Directly questioning a teenager about substance abuse (alone) is okay?
True
The difference between substance abuse and substance dependence?
Abuse:
- Leading to impairment
- Causing failure of school work
- Failing obligations
- Physical Harm
Dependence:
- loss of control
- need for higher dosage
- physical discomfort (when drug stopped)
- psychological distress (when drug stopped)
- Persistent use despite negative consequences
These may all indicate what?
- Physical abuse
- Behavior problems
- Changes at home
- Decline in school work
- Risque behavior
- Involvement with the law
Children at risk for substance abuse
What are the two most commonly used drugs?
Cigarettes and alcohol
What category of drugs affects:
- Mood
- Perception
- Consciousness
- Thought
Psychoactive Drugs
What are the four different drug categories?
- Opioids
- Hallucinogenics
- Stimulatants
- Depressants
Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines, GHB are in which category of drug?
Depressants
What is another name for the “Date - Rape” drug?
GHB
True or False: A Benzodiazepine is a Tranquilizer?
True
True or False: Cocaine stimulates the reward part of the brain?
True (withdrawal symptoms are inability to feel pleasure)
This drug increases dopamine in the area of the limbic system and releases serotonin?
Ecstacy
This common drug for depression also releases serotonin?
Prozac
True or False: Marijuana is a hallucinogen?
True
This hallucinogen is known for causing violent behavior?
PCP
This drug category mimics the effects of the brains own endorphins?
Opioids (endophins are natural pain relievers)
True or False: In ADHD there is decreased activity of certain brain regions in the frontal lobes.
True
What are the three principal areas of dysfunction in ADHD?
- Attention Deficit
- Impulsivity
- Hyperactivity
True or False: Negative consequences is a treatment on ADHD?
True (also, positive reinforcement, Ritalin, Behaviour Modification)
What are the causes of ADHD?
- Psychosocial
- Genetics
True or False: Phenylketonuria is a cognitive problem?
True as well as developmental
List three factors that would put an infant at risk for iron deficiency anemia?
- Low birth weight
- Diet
- Premature Birth
True or False: Lead screening is done in individuals that live near old battery factories?
true
True or False: Live virus vaccinations are given to pregnant women?
False
What is precocious puberty?
Secondary sexual characteristic onset before age 8 in girls and 9 in males.
True or false: precociuos puberty is more common in girls?
True
Tx for open angle glaucoma?
Prostoglandin analogues. Beta blockers
What condition: Macula edema, shower of spots, blurred vision?
Diabetic Retinopathy
