Geriatrics Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Body composition changes

A
  1. loss of lean body mass
  2. increased body fat
    3.decreased total body water
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2
Q

Thermoregulation changes

A
  1. decreased hypothalmus function, so impaired
  2. longer lasting hypothermia
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3
Q

The only CV change that does not occur is

A

No change in systolic function

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4
Q

Respiratory changes: _____ chest wall compliance

A

DECREASED chest wall compliance

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5
Q

Respiratory chagnes: Elastic recoil =

A

Loss of elastic recoil = reduced FUNCTIONAL alveolar surface area available for gas exchange

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6
Q

Respiratory change: comliance

A

INCREASE in lung compliance (impairs v/q)

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7
Q

Resp. changes: lung tissue elacticity

A

decreases

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8
Q

Resp changes: net pulmonary compliance

A

virtually unchanged

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9
Q

Resp changes: alveolar septae

A

breakdown =
1. increase anatomic and alveolar daed space
2. increase ventilation

=v/q mismatch

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10
Q

Resp changes: shunt and physiologic dead speace

A

increase

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11
Q

Res changes: vital capcity

A

decrease

(d/t increasing residual lung volumes and decrease in inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes)

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12
Q

OVerall resp changes: Min ventilation, lung compliance, lung elasicity, chest wall compliance

A
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13
Q

Resp changes: FEV1 and FVC

A

decrease

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14
Q

Resp changes: VC ERV IRV

A

decrease

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15
Q

Resp changes: FRC RV

A

increase

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16
Q

Resp changes: TLC

17
Q

Elderly: CNS nerve tissue sensitivity to local anesthetics? Why?

A

Increased
-decreased # and diambeter of myelinated nerve fibers
-decrease in nerve conduction velocity

18
Q

Regional anesthetic sensitivty (intrathecals, epidurals)

A

Increased sensitivity to intrathecal anesthetics

increased sensitivty to epidural anesthetics

19
Q

Difficulty of neuraxial/spinals

A

increased difficulty

20
Q

Response to EPI test dose

A

decreased response to EPI test dose = greater risk of false negative responses (d/t reduced myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines)

21
Q

Drug DOA

22
Q

Pharmacokinetics of prolonged drug DOA

A
  1. decreased blood volume
  2. Steady state volume varies
  3. renal decline
  4. hepatic delcine
23
Q

Elderly and vasopressors

A

Decreased sensitivity to vasopressors, may need longer to work

24
Q

Elderly pharm lipophillic drugs Vd

A

increased Vd

25
elderly pharm hydrophillic drugs Vd
decrease in Vd
26
Elderly lungs
inflate well and trap air
27
Elderly closing volume
increases (small airways shut down due to increased residual volume overtime = early airway closure
28
Elderly air closure
early airway closure
29
Functional residual capacity
increases
30
closing capacity
increases
31
total lung capacity
no change
32
Vital capacity
decreases
33
inspiratory reserve volume
decreases
34
residual volume
increases
35
Expiratory reserve volume
decreases
36