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Special Populations > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Which are normal effects of aging?

  • Slow information retrieval
  • Ascribe Debilitating Arthritis
  • Tremors
  • Dementia to old age
A

Slow information retrieval

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2
Q

most lab normal ranges only include data on those up to ____yo

A

70

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3
Q

Anatomical Pulm changes

A
  • decr resp muscle strength
  • stiffer chest -> decr compliance
  • Diminished ciliary and marophage activity
  • Decr cough reflex (shit stays in lungs more)
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4
Q

Pulm parameters to assess

A
  • Respiratory rate and rhythm, volume, depth
  • Exercise capacity
  • Inspect thorax for symmetry, expansion
  • Pulse oximetry
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5
Q

Anatomical Renal system changes

A
  • Decrease in kidney mass
  • Reduced bladder capacity (reduced elasticity and muscle tone).
  • Males: Prostate enlargement
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6
Q

Parameters to assess for Renal system

A
  • Renal function
  • Fluid e- and acid/base imbalances
  • Nocturnal polyuria, BPH, UTIs
  • Fall risk at night if polyuria (doing a maze in the dark)
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7
Q

Orophangeal and GI system changes

A
  • Decr muscle strength in muscles of chewing/swallowing
  • Atrophy of protective mucosa
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8
Q

Parameters to asses (Oropharyngeal and GI system)

A
  • Assess abdomen and bowel sounds
    Assess oral cavity, dysphagia
    Monitor weight, calculate BMI, determine dietary intake
    Assess for GERD, fecal incontinence, obstipation
    or impaction (digital exam)
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9
Q

Msk changes with aging

A
  • Sarcopenia (decrease in muscle mass)
    Lean body mass decreases with fat replacement and re-distribution
    Bone loss (after age of 30-35)
    Decreased ligament and tendon strength Intervertebral disc degeneration, cartilage loss
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10
Q

Parameters to check for Msk system

A

Muscle strength and atrophy DEXA or other bone densitometry

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11
Q

Nervous System anatomical changes in aging

A
  • Decrease in number of neurons
    (↓ neurotransmitters)
  • Modification and loss of cerebral dendrites, glial cells and synapses.

Periodic reassessment with neuro exam
Cognitive assessment tools

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12
Q

Skin changes

A
  • Decreased thickness (histologically get flattening of the dermoepidermal junction).
  • Decreased number of melanocytes.
  • Decreased Langerhams cell numbers.

  • Decreased thickness (histologically get flattening of the dermoepidermal junction).
  • Decreased number of melanocytes.
  • Decreased Langerhams cell numbers.
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13
Q

What are some tools you can use to assess geriatrics?

A
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14
Q

What is a CGA?

A

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

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15
Q

What tests may be done in a CGA?

A
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16
Q

A geriatric pt is considerd frail if their MBI is < ____

A

50

17
Q

What is medication burden?

A

idea that as you incr # of prescriptions, you also decr life expectancy (decr months before death)

18
Q

Routine labs unique to geriatrics

A
19
Q

Vit ____ deficiency may incr risk of falls

A

D

Deficienc is Vit D levels <50nmol/L

20
Q

Refer to the _____ Scale to determine if a geriatric pt is capable of living independently after a stroke

A

Barthel Scale

Takes into consideration: ability of time to perform a task, environmental set up, etc.

21
Q

Barthel Scale

The _____ the number, the greater the ability to live at home independently after a stroke.

Higher or lower?

A

HIGHER

22
Q

ADLs

A
  • Bathing
  • Ambulation
  • Toileting
  • Transfering
  • Eating
  • Dressing
23
Q

ADLs vs IADLs

A

IADLs = Instrumental

24
Q

_______ IADL Scale

(someones last name)

A

Lawton

just know there’s a scale

25
Q

Criteria of Adult Failure to Thrive

A
  • Weight loss > 5% (not explained or desired)
  • Decr appetite
  • Poor nutrition
  • Physical inactivity
26
Q

Assessment tools for Functional Capacity

A

Karnofsky score of 50 or less is used more in US

27
Q

Refer to the ____ score to determine if pt needs hospice

A

Karnofsky score 50 or less

28
Q

______ Comorbidity Index

A

Charleston

Calculator below gives 10-year survival for patients with multiple co-morbidities and to paper by Mary Charlson explaining the CCI
https://www.mdcalc.com/charlson-comorbidity-index-cci
https://www.rtog.org/LinkClick.aspx? fileticket=8o6FpyC8s9w%3D&tabid=290

29
Q

CIRS Score

A
30
Q

Quick Neuro Exam 1

A
31
Q

Quick Neuro Exam 2

A
32
Q

Fall Screening

A
33
Q

Fall Risk Screening Qs

A
34
Q

Those ___ yo and older are at incr risk of fall injuries and require a Fall Screening

A

65

35
Q

2 walking tests for fall risk assessment

A
  1. Times Up and Go (TUG) Test
  2. Get Up and Go Test
36
Q

Berg Balance Scale Score < ____ indicates greater risk of falling

A

45

37
Q

Is the Tinetti or Berg assessment better for complete gait evaluation?

A

Tinetti

Berg is ONLY balance

38
Q

2 gait assessments to ask for when calling PT

A
  1. Berg Balance Scale (score <45 is high risk for fall)
  2. Tinetti Assessment Tool
39
Q

Tinetti Assessment Tool

A

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