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Geriatrics > Geriatric Syndromes > Flashcards

Geriatric Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What is geriatric syndrome?

A

Common health conditions in older adults that have multifactorial causes and do not fit into discrete disease categories

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2
Q

What is the sum of geriatric syndrome?

A

Predispose older adults to poor health outcomes, decreased function and quality of life

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3
Q

What are some examples that may predispose someone to geriatric syndrome? (6)

A

Falls, frailty, Cognitive impairment, delirium, Urinary incontinence, latrogenesis

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4
Q

What is latrogenesis?

A

is the causation of a disease, a harmful complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity, including diagnosis, intervention, error, or negligence.

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5
Q

How many older adults fall each year?

A

20-30%

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6
Q

What is the best predictor of a future fall?

A

Previous fall

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7
Q

On average ever ___ minutes an older Canadian is hospitalized due to a fall.

A

10 minutes

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8
Q

What are the common types of injuries that result from a fall?

A

Broken or fracture bones, sprain/strain., scrapes, cut puncture, bites

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9
Q

What percentage of falls result in serious injury?

A

50-10%

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10
Q

What are three types of serious injuries?

A

bone fracture
Head injury
Laceration

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11
Q

What percentage of hip fractures result from a fall?

A

95%

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12
Q

_____ of those who suffer a hip fracture die within a year

A

20%

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13
Q

Another ___ of those who suffer a hip fracture will never live independently again

A

20%

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14
Q

What is the risk of fall prevention?

A

We decondition ourselves and this actually increases fall risk

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15
Q

What does fear of falling also lead to?

A

Social isolation, low mood, decrease QOL

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16
Q

Where do most falls occur?

A

Home

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17
Q

What are some risk factors of falls?

A

Medical/biological
Pharmacological
Environmental
Social/economic
Behaviours

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18
Q

What are some intrinsic factors that contribute to falls?

A
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19
Q

What are some extrinsic factors that contribute to falls?

A
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20
Q

With regards to medical/biological what are some contributions?

A
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21
Q

WIth regards to environmental what increases fall risk?

A
22
Q

In terms of social/economic what increases fall risk

A
23
Q

What does social isolation increase?

A

mortality, same as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day

24
Q

What are the behavioural risk factors for falls?

A
25
Q

What are some contributions to falls with regards to medicaitons?

A
26
Q

How may medication and falls be indirectly impacted by medications?

A

Diuretics and using the washroom at night

lack of appropriate treatment for pain of a certain medical condition, decreased activity, therefore increased fall risk.

27
Q

Reducing fall risk is modifiable via medications by?

A

Withdrawal of medications that increase fall risk

28
Q

The effects of anticholinergic medications is?

A

Cumulative

29
Q

What is the conclusion about fall risk with regards to CV medicaitons?

A
30
Q

What is the conclusion regarding fall risk with hypoglycemics?

A
31
Q

What is the fall risk with regards to anticonvulsants?

A
32
Q

What is the fall risk with regards to opioids?

A

Studies show mixed results

33
Q

Who is a multifactorial fall risk assessment?

A
34
Q

In summary falls usually have multifactorial causes and require intervention that is?

A

Multifactorial

35
Q

What are some interventions for fall prevention (Other)

A

Vitamind D, Fracture prevention

36
Q

What is the definition of frailty?

A

Medical syndrome that increases an individuals vulnerability to loss of independence and/or death

37
Q

How is frailty characterized?

A

Decreased strength. endurance, and functional reserves.

38
Q

What is frailty associated with?

A

Increase age, number of medical comborbidities, lower socioeconomic status

39
Q

Who does frailty effect more men or women?

A

women > men

40
Q

What are some frailty models that have been proposed

A

Rockwood and Fried

41
Q

What is the best single item predictor for frailty?

A

Gait speed

42
Q

What is gait speed?

A

the time one takes to walk a specified distance on level surfaces over a short distance

43
Q

What is considered for frail with regards to gait speed?

A

<0.8 ms

44
Q

How may medications lead to frailty?

A
45
Q

Frailty is associated with increase risk of adverse drug reactions. How many medications usually?

A

5+

46
Q

When evaluating medication therapy for frail adults what must be considered?

A

Benefit and risk

47
Q

What is a comprehensive geriatric assessment?

A
48
Q

What may help with frailty?

A

Exercise programs, optimize health status, streamline medications as much as possible

49
Q

WIth regards to falls what number of medications is associated with increased fall risk?

A

> 4 medicaitons

50
Q

What is cognitive impairment?

A
51
Q

With regards to nutrition approximately ____ of patients taking > ___ medicaitons found to be malnourished

A

50%, 10

52
Q
A

Geriatrics (6 decks)

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