Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geriatrics Exam 2 > Geriatric: Prevention & health maintenance > Flashcards

Geriatric: Prevention & health maintenance Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Functional decline & loss of independence are NOT an INEVITABLE consequence of aging

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary prevention =

A

Stop disease development
* Immunizations
* Lifestyle modifications
–Smoking cessation, seatbelt use, & physical
activity
* Chemoprophylaxis
–Statins for primary prevention of heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Physical activity screening

A

Physical Activity Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physical Activity
Effective Exercise

A
  1. Specific → To improve sit to stand, practice sit to stand
  2. Overload → Change in tissue requires novel stress
  3. Progression → ↑ the overload based on response
  4. Recovery → Rest x time = tissue healing & reponse to stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Heavy resistance training at retirement age induces _____

A

4-year lasting beneficial effects in muscle strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical Activity
Tai Chi benefits

A
  • ↓ falls by 58% compared to stretching or multimodal exercise
  • ↑ walking speed & physical function
  • ↑balance confidence
  • Economical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tobacco Cessation USPSTF Grade:

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F A patient is NEVER too old to benefit
from smoking cessation

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors among older adults for increased alcohol consumption

A

Bereavement, depression, anxiety, pain, disability, prior history of alcohol use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CAGE questions

A
  • Cut Down
  • Annoyed
  • Guilty
  • Eye opener
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Immunizations in older adults

A
  • Tetanus (Td)
    – q 10 years for adults
  • Tdap
    – 1 dose 19+ years–old
    adults
  • Influenza
    – q year
  • Pneumonia
    – PCV13 at 65 years,
    then
    – PPSV23 1 year later
  • Herpes Zoster
    – 2 doses 50+ yo
    – 2-6 mo. apart
    – 1 dose ≥60 yo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Early detection & treatment of asymptomatic disease

A

– Screening for cancer (Eg-mammograms)
– Hearing or vision impairment
– Osteoporosis
– Hypertension
– Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
– ASA for further cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Screening options for colorectal cancer

A
  • Guaiac fecal occult blood test
    – Annual
  • Immunochemical fecal occult
    blood test (FIT)
    – Annual
  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
    – q 5 yr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strong recommendation to screen men aged 35+ for _____

A

Lipid screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______% pts w/ hip fracture die within 1 year

A

21 - 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical manifestations & risk factors for osteoporosis screening in men

A

– Hx of low trauma fx
– Radiographic osteopenia
– Loss >1.5 inches height
– Long-term glucocorticoids
– Androgen deprivation
– Hypogonadism
– Primary hyperparathyroidism
– Hyperthyroidism
– Some intestinal disorders

16
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A
  • Tertiary prevention identifies established conditions
    to prevent further morbidity or functional decline
  • Hospital admission
    – Usually for serious or life-threatening problem
    – Less serious disorders that cannot be adequately
    treated in another place
    – Condition specific criteria
17
Q

Main goal of hospitalization =

A

Restore or improve health so that
people can return home

18
Q

Hospitalization among Geriatric Patients

A
  1. Cardiac Arrhythmias
  2. CHF
  3. COPD
  4. Coronary Atherosclerosis
  5. Diabetes
  6. Medication Complications
  7. Infection
    – Eg Pneumonia & Urosepsis
  8. Stroke
19
Q

Preventing readmission: Modifiable factors

A

– Premature discharge
– Inadequate post- discharge support
– Insufficient follow-up
– Therapeutic errors
– Adverse drug events & other medication related issues
– Failed handoffs
– Post-procedures complications
– Nosocomial infections, pressure ulcers, & patient falls

20
Q

Harms of driving cessation

A
  • Adults who stop driving have ↑ rates of depression
  • Shrinking world syndrome
    – loss of driving ability leads to ↓ living space
  • Ripple effects
    – Who else is affected when someone stops driving?
21
Q

Driving History in older drivers

A
  • How far do you drive each year?
  • Where do you drive (local v. distant, familiar v. new places)?
  • Have you had any car accidents or tickets recently?
    – ~1 accident per 8-9 near misses
  • Have you ever gotten lost while driving?
22
Q

Driving History of older drivers For family members:

A

– Do you ever drive with the patient?
– Are you scared to drive with them?
– Would you let your child ride with them?
– Most children will wait 2 years before bring up the
subject

23
Q

Driving Assessment 4 C’s:

A

– Crash history
– Family Concerns
– Clinical condition
– Cognitive function

24
Q

Older Drivers: driving evaluation

A
  • Don’t just send them to driver’s ed—they lack the necessary medical training
  • OTs can train in Driving Rehabilitation and become a driving rehabilitation specialist (DRS)
    – Although there are only ~600 in the US
    – Otherwise just refer to general OT
25
Q

4 possible outcomes from a driving evaluation

A
  1. Drive without restrictions
  2. Driving potential
  3. Explore strategies & adaptations
  4. Limited driving with a a plan for reassessment
  5. Cease driving
26
Q

What age can you stop screening for cervical cancer if no abnormalities have been found?

A

65

27
Q

What are some benefits to physical activity?

A
  • ↑ CV conditioning
  • ↓HTN
  • ↑ Strength
  • ↑ Flexibility
  • Overall physical fitness
  • ↓ risk of CVD
  • ↓ risk of thromboembolic stroke
    – ↓depression, anxiety, & cognitive decline
    – ↓risk falls & related injuries
    – ↓type 2 DM
    – ↓osteoporosis
    – ↓obesity
    – ↓colon cancer
    – ↓breast cancer
28
Q

What does tobacco cessation decrease risk of?

A

– CVD
– various cancers
– COPD
– DM II
– Osteoporosis
– Reproductive d/o
– PUD
– Periodontal disease
– Post-op complications
& infections

29
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening guidelines

A

USPSTF Grade B
* Screening ultrasound
once for AAA is
recommended for ♂ 65-
75 yo who have ever
smoked

USPSTF Grade C
* Offer screening to men
aged 65-75 who have
never smoked
– Eg. Fam hx, smoker,
aneurysms

USPSTF Grade D
* Recommend against
screening ♀ who never
smoked

30
Q

Prostate Cancer Screening recommendations

A

USPSTF Grade C
* 55-69 yo
* Individualize
* Discuss periodic PSA
* Potential harms

USPSTF Grade D
* 70+
– Recommend against
* <10-15 yrs life left

Geriatrics Exam 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions