Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Health Assessment > geriatric and mental health > Flashcards

geriatric and mental health Flashcards

1
Q

how to assess a ptients mental status and behavior

A

discern the patients level of alertness, mood, orientation, attention, and memory
learn about their insight, judgement , and any thought disorders or disorders of perception as you talk to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

level of consciousness

A

how aware the person is of his environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

attention

A

the ability to focus or concentrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe alert

A

awake and aware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lethargic

A

you must speak to patient in loud forceful manner to get a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

obtunded

A

you must shake patient ot get a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stuporous

A

patient is unarousable except by painful stimulu (sternal rub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

coma

A

patient is completely unarousable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

short term memory

A

covers events or memories that occured minutes to days before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

long term memory

A

covers events or memories that occured months to years before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

orienatation

A

aware of person, place, and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

perceptions

A

awareness of the objects in the environment to the 5 senses and their interrelationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

thought processes

A

the logic, coherence, and relevance of patients thoughts as they lead to thoughts and goals, HOW people think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insight

A

awareness that thought, symptoms, or behaviors are normal or
abnormal; e.g., distinguishing that a daydream or hallucination is not real

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Judgment:

A

process of comparing and evaluating different possible courses of
action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Affect

A

the observable mood of a person expressed through facial expression,
body movements, and voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mood

A

the sustained emotion of the patient
◦ Euthymic, Dysthymic, Manic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Language:

A

the complex symbolic system for
expressing written and verbal thoughts, emotion, attention, and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Higher cognitive functions

A

level of intelligence
assessed by vocabulary, knowledge base, calculations, and abstract thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what consists of the mental status examination

A

Appearance and behavior
◦ Speech and language
◦ Mood
◦ Thoughts and perceptions
◦ Cognitive function: memory, attention, information and vocabulary, calculations, abstract thinking, and
constructional ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how ot assess LOC

A

is patient awake and alert
does he understand your questions
does patient respond appropriately and quickly or lose track of topic or fall asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how to assess a patient posture and motor behavior

A

does patient lie in bed or prefer to walk
is patient sitting or lying comfortably
is patient agitated with repepititve movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when can you see a flat affect?

A

parkinsons or profound depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

grooming and hygiene typically deteriotate from what:

A

depression or schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how to assess speech and language

A

quantity
rate
loud
articulation of words
fluency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hesistancies in speech

A

seen in patients with aphasia from strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

monotone inflections

A

schizophrenia or severe depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

circumlocutions

A

words or phrases substituted for word a person cannot remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

paraphasias

A

words are malformed, wrong, or invented

30
Q

how to assess a patients mood

A

use open ended questions (how do you feel about that, how are you feeling)
how long has your mood been this way
how good or bad has patient felt
dont be afraid to ask about self harm or suicide

31
Q

circumstantiality

A

speech characterized by indirection
and delay due to the patient’s excessive use of details
that have no connection to the point

32
Q

derailment

A

speech in which a person shifts topics with no apparent relation
between the topics

33
Q

flight of ideas

A

accelerated change of topics in a very
fast but generally coherent manner

34
Q

neologisms

A

invented or distorted words

35
Q

incoherence

A

speech that is incomprehensible bc it is illogical

36
Q

blocking

A

sudden interruption of speech, before the
completion of an idea, occurs in normal
people

37
Q

clanging

A

choosing a word based on sound rather than meaning

38
Q

confabulation

A

fabrication of facts to hide memory impairment

39
Q

perservation

A

persistent reptition of words or ideas

40
Q

echolalia

A

repitition of words or phrases of others

41
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive behaviors that a person feels driven to perform to prevent or produce
some future state of affairs

42
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent, uncontrollable thoughts, images, or impulses that a patient considers
unacceptable

43
Q

phobias

A

persistent fear of a stimuli the patient feels is irrational (spiders, snakes, the dark)

44
Q

anxiety

A

apprehension or fear that may be focused (phobia) or free floating (general sense of
dread)

45
Q

delusions

A

false, fixed beliefs that are not shared by other members of the
person’s culture

46
Q

the types of delusions:

A

persecution, grandeur, or jealousy
reference
of being controlled by outside forced
somatic- believing one has a disease or defect that he does not
systematized- a single delusion with elaborations around a single theme all systematized into a complex network

47
Q

illusion

A

misinterpretations of real stimuli; e.g., the postman leaves mail, therefore there is a
plot to poison patient

48
Q

hallucinations

A

a subjective external stimuli the patient hears or sees that others do not hear
or see and that the patient may not recognize as false; these can be auditory, visual, olfactory,
gustatory, or tactile

49
Q

how to calculate ability

A

ask the patient to perform more difficult calculations such as making change (e.g., if
you had a dollar’s worth of nickels and someone needed 65 cents how many nickels would you have left?

50
Q

how to assess abstract thinking

A

Interpreting proverbs: “A stitch in time saves nine”
◦ Similarity exercises: What do a ball and an orange have in common?

51
Q

how to assess constructional ability

A

ask patient to copy a shape onto a sheet of paper
ask patient to draw a clock indicating 5:00

52
Q

what is aging

A

Normal physical and behavioral
changes that occur under normal
environmental conditions as people
mature and advance in age

53
Q

how to interview the older adult

A

Plan for adequate time- older adults can take
longer to process and answer questions ◦ Physical Limitations and Impairments:
◦ Fatigue
◦ Hearing impairments ◦ Cognitive Function and mental status exam:
incorporate into the interview

54
Q

general survey of the older adult

A

note normal aging changes in body habitus, posture, height/weight, skin, vitals

55
Q

“Liver spots” – flat, brown macules (forearms
and hands)

A

senile lentigines

56
Q

raised thickened areas of pigmentation – look
crusted, scaly and warty

A

keratoses

57
Q

Red-tan scaly plaques that become raised
and roughened over time. Premalignant to squamous cell
carcinoma

A

actinic keratosis

58
Q

characteristic of the aging skin

A

skin tags
dry skin
thickness
mobility/turgor
hair growht decreases
nails decrease growth, toenails thicken

59
Q

characteritsics of the eyes

A

decreased visual acuity
cataracts

60
Q

characteristics of the ears

A

hearing impairment
cerumen

61
Q

chracteristics of mouth

A

dentures
dry mouth

62
Q

cardiovascular changes in the older adult

A

orthostatic hypotension
increase in AP diameter
systolic murmrers
irregular heart rhythm

63
Q

lungs and GI changes in the older adult

A

Decreased lung elasticity
Increased breathing workload
Rales may be common in normal people but disappear with deep inspiration.
Decreased saliva, less effective chewing Decreased acid production; decreased absorption of iron, calcium, vitamin D Slowed transit of the colon

64
Q

renal, musculoskeletal and hematopoietic changesi n older adults

A

Decreased renal mass and nephrons
Decrease in muscle mass, Loss of muscle strength
Decreased bone density and joint cartilage changes Decreased bone marrow – slower response to blood loss and hypoxia.

65
Q

examples of activities of daily living

A

Eating  Bathing  Grooming  Dressing  Toileting  Walking  Using stairs  Transferring

66
Q

examples of instrumental ADLS

A

Shopping  Meal preparation  Housekeeping  Laundry  Managing finances  Taking medications  Using transportation

67
Q

cognitive domains

A

Attention * Memory * Orientation * Language * Visuo-spatial skills * Higher cognitive functions

68
Q

causes for alterations in cognition:

A

dementia
delirium
depression

69
Q

types of elder mistreatment

A

physical
sexual
emotional
psychological
abandonment
neglect

70
Q

screening tool for elder abuse

A

screen for abuse
think about risk factors
ominous danger signs present
physical findings
history
address issue of elder mistreatment
report to adult protective services
manage with prevention and risk factor modification

71
Q

what is polypharmacy

A

means “many
drugs”
◦Two or more medications used
to treat the same condition
◦Two or more medications of the
same class
◦Two or more agents with the
same or similar actions to treat
different conditions.

Advanced Health Assessment (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions