Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geriatrics > Geriactrics > Flashcards

Geriactrics Flashcards

1
Q

In 2000 how many people were over the age of 65?

A

14% or 35.3 mil Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In 2030 how many people will be over the age of 65?

A

22% or 70.2 mil Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the average life expectancy for women?

A

79.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the average life expectancy for men?

A

72.7 (7 years less than women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do we age? 4 theories.

A
  1. Supply limits: decreased supply of nutrients to cell
  2. Free radical damage: uncontrolled build up of free radicals
  3. Autoimmune: B & T cells weaken w age, then malfunction
  4. Programmable cell death: signals induce or suppress apoptosis
  5. Telomere length theory: Cell division permanently destroys tiny fragment of the telomere w each cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can we add telomerase or drugs that mimic the effects to a cell culture to lengthen telomeres?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inflammaging

A

What it sounds like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metformin- vitamin deficiency and side effect?

A

B12 deficiency & lactic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Posture change seen in females

A

Kyphosis, bent knees, cervical extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skin changes? (2)

A

Vitiligo & Decubitus ulcer predisposition dt diminished number and function of sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 Eye changes

A
  1. Reduction in tear formation & dry cornea
  2. Glaucoma: PERIPHERAL loss. affects 1% 40-65yo, 5% >65
  3. Cataracts/Macular degeneration: CENTRAL loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is it better to speak in a loud voice or low pitch?

A

Low pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exostosis

A

formation of new bone on surface of a bone-can cause a range of pain mild to debilitating depending on size shape and location (related to Osteoarthritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two consequences of H2 Blockers

A

Increase gastritis and ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What two things are cyto-protective?

A

PPI and Mesoprosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should be used as initial anti hypertensive? Except in which two disease states?

A

Low dose diuretic tx. Except in DM (blunts hypoglycemic response and COPD as it exacerbates dz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When drug tx is indicated for HTN what is considered first line drug of choice in pt who present w isolate systolic HTN

A

Low acting Ca channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is incontinence a normal part of aging?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main causes of acute urinary incontinence?

A

DRIP: Delirium, Restricted mobility, Infx/inflammation/impaction, Pharmaceuticals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MC cause of acute urinary incontinence?

A

Bladder infx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MC drug class that causes incontinence?

A

Diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is acute onset of incontinence w known/suspected malignancy an emergency?

A

Duh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Normal P Hydrocephalus: what is the triad assoc?

A

Acute urinary incontinence, acute or subacute dementia, wide based gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MC form of chronic incontinence?

A

Urge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do you work up Hematuria (Sx3)

A
  1. Scope - visualize bladder, look for CA
  2. Cytology - collect morning void, look for RCC
  3. Sonogram - US of bladder & KI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What exercises can be done at home for incontinence?

A

Kiegels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What meds are CI in acute angle glaucoma?

A

Oxybutynin and other anti-cholinergics (think mydriasis)

28
Q

Are elderly more likely to be febrile or afebrile w pneumonia?

A

Afebrile

29
Q

What two lung PE findings would clue you to pneumonia?

A

Dull on percussion, Tachypnea >26/m

30
Q

In what 3 ways are elderly likely to respond differently to pneumonia than the young?

A
  1. Bacteremia
  2. Empyema/ Meningitis
  3. Death :( RIP grandma foster. <3
31
Q

How does cystitis present, particularly in Females?

A

Frequency & urge incontinence (dysuria not common)

32
Q

Which is a more common presentation of Cardiac Ischemia? Angina or Dyspnea?

A

Dyspnea

33
Q

Atypical presentations of MI? There are lots, one in bold.

A 
Acute renal failure ***
Acute CHF
Exacerbation of previously stable CHF
Vomiting w or without abdominal pain
Vertigo
Confusion
Syncope or near syncope
Falling
34
Q

What percent of the elderly will have silent ulcers?

A

30-50%

35
Q

Sx of fecal impaction?

A

Anorexia, N/V*
Others: Paradoxical diarrhea, incontinence of stool, abdominal pain present or absent, Bladder sx (retention, frequency, overflow incontinence)

36
Q

Sx of hypothyroidism

A

Depression*
Failure to thrive, Weight loss , Constipation, Falling, Weakness, CHF, Dementia, Coma, Edema, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Anemia

37
Q

Sx of hyperthryoidism

A

Apathy & inactivity

38
Q

What is the MC sx of hyperparathyroidism?

A

GI complaints (N/V, anorexia, weight loss, abd pain, dyspepsia, constipation)

39
Q

Other sx of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Emotional & mental (Depression, anxiety, decreased recent memory, personality change, delirium, acute psychosis)

40
Q

Causes of Delirium

A

Meds*
Also; Pneumona, CHF, MI, PE, Sepsis (urosepsis),. Surgical abd/fecal implantation, Endocride d/o, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypoxemia

41
Q

How do you dx dementia?

A 
At least 2 of the following affected:
Personality
Language
Emotion
Memory
Motor
42
Q

What are the hormonal changes in elderly men called and why does it occur?

A

Andropause dt increased conversion of T to E dt increased aromatase enzyme

43
Q

What causes increased growth?

A

Estradiol interacts w SHBG to cause 8 fold increase in intracellular cAMP in human prostate tissue

44
Q

Effects of hormonal shifts in men?

A

Reduced libido, disturbed sleep, depression, fatigue, irritability, hot flashes

45
Q

Adverse events related to testosterone administration?

A

Exacerbation of heart disease dt acceleration of atherogenesis***

Acne, breast enlargement/tenderness, erythrocytosis, sleep apnea, leg edema, cardiac hypertrophy, prostate CA

46
Q

Number of vertebral fractures?

A

700,000

47
Q

What does secondary osteoporosis imply?

A

Decreased bone mass dt other condition

48
Q

Conditions that may result in increased risk of osteoporosis

A

Hyperthyroid, excess thyroid supp, Cushing’s, Gluccocorticoid use, Hyperparathyroidism (think excess all over)

49
Q

What is a Tscore?

A

Number of standard deviations above or below the mean for a healthy 30yo adult w same sex and ethnicity as pt

50
Q

What is a Zscore?

A

Number of standard deviations above or below the mean for same AGE sex and ethnicity as pt

51
Q

What is the Tscore for osteopenia?

A

-1 to -2.5

52
Q

What is the Tscore of osteoporosis?

A
53
Q

When does conventional tx for osteoporosis begin in a pt (depending on their DEXA)?

A

T score -2

T score -1.5 w risk factors

54
Q

FRAX

A

Diagnostic tool used to evaluate 10yr probability of bone fracture- integrates clinical risk factors w bone mineral density at the femoral neck to calculate 10 year probability of hip fracture as well as spine, shoulder, extremity fracture

55
Q

Can Vit D protect against osteoporosis?

A

Yes when combined w Ca

56
Q

_____ have been proven to reduce risk of spinal and hip fractures…

A

Bisphosphonates

57
Q

Potential side effects of bisphosphonates?

A

Erosive esophagitis, osteonecrosis of the jaw (but who needs a jaw?), myalgia

58
Q

Action of SERMs

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: selectively block conformational changes of estrogen receptors

59
Q

What is indicated for the tx and prevention of osteoporosis?

A

Raloxiphene (Evista) —BUT no statistically significant decrease in non-vertebral fractures

60
Q

Side effects of Raloxiphene?

A

DVT & PE

61
Q

What nutrients should be looked at before starting pt on Denosumab (Prolia?)

A

Vit D & Ca

62
Q

Is Calcitonin approve for prevention of osteoporosis?

A

NO

63
Q

Explain the paradoxical reaction of PTCH

A

Intermittent administration of recombinant human PTH in low doses results in increased amount of bone remodeling/increased bone density. This is paradoxical bc excess PTH or continuous exogenous PTH has been show to result in severe bone loss

64
Q

Which drugs are for Osteoporosis prevention?

A 
Raloxifene: Evista
Estrogen Conjungated Premarin
Esterified Estratab
Menest
Estradiol Estrace
Estropipate Ortho-Est
Ogen
Estrogen + progestin: Premphase (cyclic &amp; continuous)
65
Q

What drugs are for Osteoporosis treatment?

A

Calcitonin: Miacalcin

Calcimar

66
Q

What drugs are for both Osteoporosis treatment and prevention? DOUBLE DUTY.

A

Alendronate: Fosamax

Geriatrics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions