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GERI > GERI FINAl > Flashcards

GERI FINAl Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of Financial abuse in elderly

A

Frequent expensive gifts from elder to caregiver
Elder’s personal belongings, papers, credit cards missing
Numerous unpaid bills
A recent will when elder seems incapable of writing a will
Caregiver’s name added to bank account
Elder unawareness of monthly income
Elder signs on another’s loan
Frequent checks made out to “cash”
Unusual activity in bank account
Irregularities on tax return
Elder unaware of reason for appointment with banker or attorney
Caregiver’s refusal to spend money on elder
Signatures on checks or legal documents that do not resemble elder’s signature

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2
Q

What is the #1 intervention for a caregiver experiencing burnout?

A

Respite care

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3
Q

Nursing diagnosis for grieving

A 
•	Grieving
•	Complicated grieving
•	Interrupted family process
o	If mother lost an infant, she may now have to go home to kids
•	Risk-prone health behavior
o	People may begin risky behavior
•	Risk for loneliness
•	Role strain
•	Risk for ineffective parenting
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4
Q

Elderly loss interventions

A

• Reflect on memories:
o Photographs
o Collecting life memorabilia
o Creating a memorial service such as a religious ceremony, a burial or the planting of a memorial tree
o Comfort, bathing, music, reading to the elder
o Support the patient’s advanced directives
o Family support – reminiscence

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5
Q

Preparing for the viewing

A
  • MAKE SURE TO DRESS THEM THE EXACT SAME WAY BEFORE EX) if they always wore glasses, make sure they wear glasses or put on signature colonge
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6
Q

Personal items of the diseased

A

• Be sure careful inventory*
• Pass on to Power of Attorney or next of kin
o Manages financial stuff
• Check with the family to see if any personal belongings should be sent to the funeral home
• Offer spiritual services/social support services to the family

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7
Q

Presentation of the deceased infant

A

o Bruising
o Maceration of the skin
o Loss of firmness to tissues
o Leaking of body fluids

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8
Q

Dry ARMD

A

yellow deposits accumulate in the retina
Layers of macula become progressively thinner and function less and less
Color of macula itself changes and can see little waste piles
• These cause atrophy & degeneration of macula

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9
Q

Wet ARMD

A

new blood vessels grow b/w layers of the retina and leak fluid and blood

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10
Q

What is the main result from Macular degeneration

A

loss of central vision

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11
Q

What is the diagnosis of ARMD

A

Asmler grid test

-if the patient sees wavy lines it is indication for ARMD

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12
Q

Which disease is the most common cause for BLINDNESS amongst the older adult

A

Macular degeneration

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13
Q

What is cataract caused by

A

exposure to UV B light

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14
Q

What are some causes of vision loss

A

Presbyopia

  • decrease in pupil size
  • decreased in tear production
  • opacification of the lens and vitreous- decrease visual acuity
  • loss of photoreceptors in the retina
  • depth perception becomes distorted
  • peripheral vision also reduced
  • sensitivity to glare
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15
Q

presbycusis

A

progressive hearing loss
-result of age-related changes to the inner ear, including
loss of hair cells, decreased blood supply, reduced flexibility of basilar membrane, degeneration of spiral
ganglion cells, and reduced production of endolymph

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16
Q

Causes for decrease in taste

A

reduction of amylase

  • taste bud atrophy
  • accelerated dental problems
  • medications and smoking
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17
Q

Vestibular system and hearing loss

A

In addition to hearing problems, equilibrium can be altered because of degeneration of the
vestibular structures and atrophy of the cochlea, organ of Corti, and stria vascularis.

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18
Q

cataracts symptoms

A

not associated with pain

  • diplopia
  • halos around lights
  • visual acuity not affected much
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19
Q

On cataracts exam

A
  • glare from sunlight bothersome

- red reflex is reduced

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20
Q

Treatment of cataracts

A

simple cataracts surgical procedure

DECISION IS NOT BASED ON AGE BUT RATHER THE INDIVIDUAL

21
Q

pain perception

A

Tactile sensation is reduced, as observed in the reduced ability of older persons to sense pressure and pain and
differentiate temperatures.
DOES NOT MEAN REDUCED PAIN PERCEPTION

22
Q

Interventions for vision loss

A

1) face the person when speaking
2) use several indirect lights instead of single glaring one
3) avoid glare from window
4) use large print
5) use contrasting colors
6) home visit
7) avoid LOW tone colors
8) use frequently used items into visual field
9) identify personal items by design
10) MATS AND RUGS ARE PROBLEMATIC

23
Q

changes to sexual functioning in woman

A

The older woman does not lose

the ability to engage in and enjoy intercourse or other forms of sexual pleasure.

24
Q

Symptoms of low estrogen

A

Estrogen depletion also causes
a weakening of pelvic floor muscles, which can lead to an involuntary release of urine when there is an increase
in intra-abdominal pressure.
2) bone loss occurs with low estrogen
- reduction in collagen and adipose tissue, shortening and narrowing of the vaginal canal, decreased elasticity, fewer vaginal secretions, and a more alkaline vaginal pH
-osteoporosis

25
Q

changes to sexual functioning

A

There is a decrease in sexual responsiveness and a reduction in the frequency of orgasm
Older men are slower to erect, mount, and ejaculate.
Older women may experience dyspareunia (painful intercourse) as a result of less lubrication, decreased
distensibility, and thinning of the vaginal walls.
Many older women gain a new interest in sex, possibly because they no longer have to fear an unwanted
pregnancy or because they have more time and privacy with their children grown and gone.

26
Q

Coronary artery disease symptoms

A

-Mild pain, back, abdomens, shoulders or arms
-N/V or indigestion
HR >80
-fatigue, dizziness, syncope, or confusion
IRRITABILITY

27
Q

Complications of CAD

A

misdiagnoses, delay in treatment, death

28
Q

management for CAD

A

medications
physical and functional activity limitations
energy conservation

29
Q

HTN signs and symptoms

A

-silent, dull HA, confusion, epitaxis

30
Q

complications for HTN

A

CHD, A fib, HF, MI, stroke

31
Q

management of HTN

A

medication management, rest diet

need to be careful not to overtreat

32
Q

heart failure signs and symptoms

A
  • general malaise
  • dyspnea, chronic cough, insomnia, wight loss,
  • nocturnal syncope, delirium, falls, deceased functional ability, ankle edema
33
Q

complications for heart failure

A

decline in physical functioning, diminished cognition, delirium, alterations in skin breakdown

34
Q

management

A

medications, oxygen comfort measures

35
Q

peripheral vascular disease s/ sxs

A

-discoloration, speckled (hemosiderin, edema, ulcerations. ASSESS FEET

36
Q

Complications for PAD

A

-pain, ulcers, dvt, edema, hemosiderin deposits, decreased circulation poor nutrition delayed wound healing

37
Q

management for PAD

A

skin care

diuertics, compression stocking, elevation as often as possible

38
Q

What is one of the first symptoms we notice in TIA

A

loss of speech, slurred speech, inability to comprehend speech

39
Q

risks for CVA

A

1) HTN
2) diabetes
3) hypercholesterolemia
4) smoking
5) brain tumor
6) Family history of CVA
7) coagulopathies
8) heart disease

40
Q

transient urinary incontinence

A
  • cute and reversible and can be caused by infections, delirium, medication reactions, excessive urine production, fecal impaction, mood disorders, or the inability to reach a commode or urinal (e.g., being on bed rest, restrained, and dependent)
  • the onset is abrupt and treatment of the underlying cause can reverse the problem
41
Q

established incontinence

A

chronic and persistent with EITHER an abrupt or gradual onset

42
Q

stress incontinence

A

caused by weak supporting pelvic muscles (laughing, sneezing, coughing) urine is involuntary lost.

43
Q

What contributes to stress incontinence

A

obesity

44
Q

urgency incontinence

A

caused by UTI, enlargement of prostate, diverticulitis, pelvic or bladder tumors. irritation or spasms of the bladder wall cause a sudden elimination of urine

45
Q

overflow incontinence

A
  • associated with bladder neck obstructions and medications
  • bladder muscles fail to contract or periurthreal muscles do not relax, leading to an excessive accumulation of urine in the bladder
46
Q

neurogenic (reflex) incontinence

A

arising from cerebral cortex lesion, multiple sclerosis, and other disturbances along the neural pathway
-the is an inability to sense the urge to void or control urine flow

47
Q

functional incontinence

A

-caused by dementia, disabilities that prevent independent toileting, sedation, inaccessible bathroom, meds that impair cognition
PERSON CANNOT PHYSICAL REACH A BATHROOM

48
Q

mixed incontinence

A

can be due to a combination of all the factors

GERI (1 decks)

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