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Geri Ch 17,19,20 > Geri > Flashcards

Geri Flashcards

1
Q

What does DRIP mean

A

Delirium, restricted mobility, infection, inflammation, impaction, pharmaceutical, polyuria, psychological

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2
Q

_____ incontinence is the most common form of incontinence in older adults. They feel the urge to go but does not have enough time to get to the toilet before urine is released

A

Urge incontinence

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3
Q

_____ incontinence is when a small amount of urine is released after there is a sudden increase in intra abdominal pressure caused by coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting. Happens when the bladder outlet spinchter is incompetent or weak

A

Stress incontinence

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4
Q

____ incontinence is more common in women and is often a result of poor pelvic muscle tone and a shorter urethra

A

Stress incontinence

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5
Q

_____ incontinence is caused by impaired bladder emptying and over distention of the bladder. Happens when the bladder is not emptied sufficiently and has frequent dribbling of urine

A

Overflow incontinence

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6
Q

_____ incontinence is when the individual is unable or unwilling to attend to toileting needs. The bladder and urethra function normally but cognitive, physical, psychological, or environmental impairments make it difficult for the older person to get to the toilet

A

Functional incontinence

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7
Q

Which two types of incontinence are most common?

A

Urge and functional

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8
Q

Which type of incontinence is where the patient has a large amount of urine loss

A

Urge incontinence

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9
Q

What type of incontinence is where you lose a small amount of urine released and can also relate with obesity

A

Stress incontinence

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10
Q

Which type of incontinence is related to neurologic and are unable to completely empty

A

Overflow incontinence

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11
Q

Which incontinence can relate to inaccessible toilets, unavailable caregivers, depression, and inability to find the toilet are also causes of ____ incontinence

A

Functional incontinence

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12
Q

____ ____ is used to restore the normal pattern of voiding by inhibiting or stimulating voiding

A

Bladder retraining

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13
Q

In ____ ____ you learn to suppress the urge to void in an attempt to increase the amount of urine the bladder can hold

A

Bladder retraining

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14
Q

In ____ ____ you begin with a schedule of toileting every 2 hours between voidings to every 3 to 4 hours while awake

A

Bladder retraining

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15
Q

In bladder retraining when should you schedule for the patient to toilet

A

Upon awakening
After meals
Bedtime
And if awake at night

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16
Q

____ ____ works best with cognitively impaired or confused people and requires the caregiver to take the patient to the toilet at regular intervals

A

Habit training

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17
Q

In ____ ____ the toileting schedule may be every 2 to 4 hours or the caregiver may toilet the individual on awakening, after meals, mid morning; mid afternoon, at bedtime and at night if awake

A

Habit training

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18
Q

Pelvic floor exercises are also known as

A

Kegel exercises

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19
Q

How long should you hold kegel exercises before relaxing the muscle and how many times should you do this exercise

A

3-4 seconds and should be done 15 times a succession three times a day

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20
Q

Incontinence is not a normal part of aging but it is more prevalent in elderly

A

Know

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21
Q

Immobility, decreased exercise, and a lack of fiber and water in the diet are common problems for constipation in elderly

A

Know

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22
Q

____ ____ is a loss of tone in the muscles of the intestine and generalized weakness of the muscles necessary for the expulsive mechanism of evacuation that occur during periods of immobilization

A

Muscular atrophy

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23
Q

Nursing interventions for constipation

  1. Establish a regular pattern for bowel elimination that is not associated with straining or discomfort
  2. Increase water intake
  3. Increase Physical Activity
  4. Increase dietary fiber
    Regular exercises stimulate motility in the gut
A

Know

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24
Q

The use of bed pans should be avoided not when they are used the patient should be in the _______ position

A

Up right position. (High Fowler’s)

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25
Q

____ ____ occurs over bony prominences such as sacrum, ischium, trochanters, heels, elbows, and the back of the head, where normal tissue is squeezed between the internal pressure of the bone and an external source of pressure or friction like the bed or chair

A

Pressure ulcers

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26
Q

___ is the most important risk factor in the development of pressure ulcers

A

Immobility

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27
Q

____ occurs when the head of the bed is elevated more than 30 degrees and the person slides toward the foot of the bed. In this situation the skin over the sacrum doesn’t move

A

Shearing

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28
Q

____ is when the skin is loved across the sheets such as when the person is being pulled up rather than lifted up in the bed

A

Friction

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29
Q

____ can lead to perspiration or incontinence can increase the friction between the surface and the skin.

A

Moisture

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30
Q

Physiological risk factors that increase skin break down.

  1. Aging skin
  2. Immobility
  3. Malnutrition
A

Know

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31
Q

List the stage of pressure ulcers

________ is nonblanchable erythema of intact skin. Reddened skin even in absence of direct pressure

A

Stage 1

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32
Q

Name the stage of pressure ulcer

_____ partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis or Dermis the ulcer is superficial and manifests clinically as a abrasion, blister, or shallow crater

A

Stage 2

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33
Q

_____ is full thickness of skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through underlying fascia. Ulcer manifests clinically as a deep crater with or without undermining as a deep crater of adjacent tissue

A

Stage 3

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34
Q

____ is full thickness loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures. Undermining and sinus tracts also may be associated with stage __ pressure ulcers

A

Stage 4

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35
Q

When do falls typically happen most

A

At night

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36
Q

______ is a vital first step in prevention of pressure ulcers

A

Assessment of risk

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37
Q

In ___ ____ you will access on admission and every 24 hours or sooner if patients condition changes

A

Acute care

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38
Q

In ____ ___ you will access on admission and weekly for 4 weeks. Then access every quarter or as the residents condition changes

A

Long term

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39
Q

In ____ ___ you will access on admission and on every nurse visit

A

Home care

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40
Q

How frequent should a person be repositioned to reduce risk for pressure ulcers

A

Every 2 hours

41
Q

If suspicion of pressure ulcer who should you notify first (on page 326)

A

The RN

42
Q

Nursing care is aimed at maintaining skin integrity by preventing irritation to the skin from friction to moisture. Provide adequate nutrition and good hygiene are also important to assist with healing process

A

Know

43
Q

You can use air filled, water filled, or gel filled chair pads or mattresses. Walking programs and passive and active ROM exercises are important in the prevention of skin breakdown

A

Know

44
Q

Needing to void frequently during the night is called

A

Nocturia

45
Q

_____ ____ is a medical condition in which one stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer numerous times throughout the night, more common in elderly

A

Sleep apnea

46
Q

_____ sleep apnea is caused by a defect in the CNS that effects the diaphragm

A

Central sleep apnea

47
Q

____ sleep apnea is caused by an obstruction in the upper airway that impedes air flow

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

48
Q

______ _____ is defined as the appearance of exacerbation of symptoms of confusion associated with the late afternoon or evening hours. Marked by behaviors such as agitation, confusion, wandering, and screaming

A

Sundown syndrome

49
Q

What are three things commonly used to promote sleep but should be avoided in elderly. Try to do things that are not meds, back rubs, warm milk, assisting with toilet needs, providing socks or extra blankets, repositioning

A

Know

50
Q

____ disorders can be defined as disorders that a person acquired as a result of receiving treatment by the physician nurse or other member of IDT. Can occur if patient doesn’t receive treatment or receives wrong treatment

A

Iatrogenic disorders

51
Q

The most common type of dementia is associated with

A

Alzheimer’s disease

52
Q

____ is the loss of intellectual abilities to the extent that it interferes with normal activities of daily living

A

Dementia

53
Q

____ occurs gradually, over months or years and is the result of deterioration of the brain

A

Dementia

54
Q

_____ is the first stage of disorientation

A

Malorientation

55
Q

Treatment method of changing behavior is called

A

Behavior modification

56
Q

Sudden, reversible state of confusion

A

Delirium

57
Q

False fixed idea or belief

A

Delusion

58
Q

False sensory impression, often seeing or hearing something that’s not there

A

Hallucination

59
Q

The perception of a real event or object

A

Illusion

60
Q

A way of using communication using neurological, behavioral, and sleep patterns

A

Neurolinguistic programming

61
Q

Condition of decreased stimulation that can cause hallucinations, illusions& disorientation

A

Sensory deprivation

62
Q

Problems with calculating

A

Acalculia

63
Q

When one forgets important info and functions

A

Apraxia

64
Q

When a person cannot match a name with something

A

Anomia

65
Q

A way to communicate with people with dementia

A

Validation therapy

66
Q

___ is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease

A

age

67
Q

____ and ___ ___ develop in the brain are two of the main features of Alzheimer’s disease that are responsible for the changes in cognitive abilities

A

Plaques and protein tangles

68
Q

Stages of disorientation in dementia

  1. Malorientation
  2. Time confusion
  3. Repetitive motion
  4. Vegetation
A

Know

69
Q

___ is stimulating memories of child hood or early adulthood can serve to improve feelings of self worth and provide an opportunity to review their lives. Memories may stimulate laughter and happiness r other emotions and all serve as a way of coping

A

Reminiscence

70
Q

_____ is the use of real objects to stimulate senses and provide new motivation in life and the surrounding world. Pictures, plants, animals or sounds can be used to encourage group interaction

A

Remotivation

71
Q

If a person becomes physically aggressive remember that the thumb is the weakest point of the hand and if a person has a hold on you the way to remove yourself is by rotating away from the thumb of the persons hand.

A

Know

72
Q

Some people in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and bipolar disorders tend to sexually act out. Notice any factors that may be a trigger and intervene before behavior occurs

A

Know

73
Q

Ways to communicate effectively for persons with psychological problems

A

Preferred sense of words.
Vague pronouns(refer to women as she)
Speak slowly (wait a little longer for a response)
asking the extremes (what is the worst/best)

74
Q

What type of communication is the most honest?

A

Nonverbal

75
Q

Within person

A

Intrinsic

76
Q

In environment

A

Extrinsic

77
Q

____ ____ is initiated after an older person has reached the rehabilitative goal or has not shown any further improvements

A

Restorative care

78
Q

Rehabilitation provides individuals with intensive short term strengthening and retraining, where as restorative care continues the process over time

A

Know

79
Q

For successful rehabilitation and restorative program must include

A 
Independence and self care 
Mobility 
Involvement in activity 
Fulfillment in life goals
Holistic approach to living with a disability
80
Q

Walking programs
(Strengthening exercises should be provided while person is still confined to bed) includes muscles of arms, shoulder, chest and back. Patient needs to be taught how to move from bed to chair and needs to be capable without assistance

A

Know

81
Q

____ ____ means providing care requested by the older person in terms of advanced directives and a living will

A

Palliative care

82
Q

A second major clinical challenge is maintenance of bladder and bowel continence In a traumatized disabled older adult…. this is called continence training.

A

Bladder retraining is generally successful when a regular time is established for emptying the bladder

83
Q

Feeding and self feeding programs

Elderly should be fed at regular mealtimes and snacks should be provided Promoting the older person to a self feeding program is a definite sign of progress.

A

Know

84
Q

Self promoting behaviors and ADLS

Independence in personal care is a challenge for elderly with disabilities that affect their ROM mobility, strength, coordination, and dexterity. Allow them to have time to perform aspects of their own care. A chair in the tub may help a weak individual. Lowered sinks, mirrors, devices with long handed shoe horns to insert ones socks, clothing with Velcro fasteners

A

Know

85
Q

Scissors and tweezers are used for ____ for a stage ___

A

Debridement stage 4

86
Q

____ is the absorption for bacteria filler and is used on what stage

A

Aquacel stage 3

87
Q

___ is for speciality absorption, gels to maintain moisture in wound bed and what stage wound

A

Aquacel foam and stage 3

88
Q

Unable to communicate in the form of writing

A

Agraphia

89
Q

Inability to process sensory info. Loss in ability to recognize people, sounds or shapes

A

Agnosia

90
Q

Inability to see words or read

A

Alexia

91
Q

The loss of control of full bodily movements

A

Ataxia

92
Q

is a neurological disorder which explains the loss of ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute the complex sequences of motor actions involved in the use of tools or otherwise interacting with objects in everyday life.

A

Ideational apraxia

93
Q

Tegaderm can be used on stage

A

One

94
Q

Specialty alignate silver also bacterial is used on stage

A

3

95
Q

Duoderm CGF dressing is used on stage

A

3

96
Q

Hydrogel dressing stage

A

2 if no drainage stage 3

97
Q

Special absorption turns liquid to gel, gel is to maintain moisture in wound bed is used on stage

A

3

98
Q

Speciality absorptive used on stage

A

3

Geri Ch 17,19,20 (1 decks)

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