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Med 1 > Geral 1 > Flashcards

Geral 1 Flashcards

1
Q

S. OBESIDADE-HIPOVENTILAÇÃO
Clínica?

A
  • hipersonolencia diurna
  • fadiga
  • falta de concentração
  • dispneia
  • alterações de memória
  • ⬆️ pCO2
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2
Q

C. COLO DO ÚTERO
rastreio DGS?

A
  • 25-30a ➡️ citologia cervical de 3 em 3 anos
  • 30-65a ➡️ teste de HPV de alto risco de 5 em 5 anos (com citologia reflexa nos casos positivos)
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3
Q

BEHÇET
Diagnóstico? ( A + 2B)

A

A
- úlceras orais (>= 3/ano)
B
- úlceras genitais
- lesões oculares
- lesões cutâneas
- teste de patergia positivo

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4
Q

CLOSTRIDIUM
(infeção não fulminante)
Tratamento?

A

10 Dias
Fidaxomicina oral 200mg 2id
ou
Vancomicina oral 125mg 4id

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5
Q

CHEST PAIN
Life-threatening causes?

A
  • acute coronary syndrome
  • acute aortic dissection
  • pulmonary embolism
  • tension pneumothorax
  • pericardial tamponade
  • mediastinitis (eg: esophageal rupture)
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6
Q

CHEST PAIN
Common causes - Cardiac

A
  • acute heart failure
  • angina
  • valvular hear disease (aortic stenosis)
  • pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis
  • arrhythmia (if impaired coronary flow )
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7
Q

CHEST PAIN
Common causes - Pulmonary

A
  • Respiratory Infection
  • Asthma (discomfort)
  • Malignancy
  • Pleural effusion (discomfort)
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8
Q

CHEST PAIN
Common causes - Gastrointestinal

A
  • GE Reflux
  • Esophageal spasm, rupture or inflammation
  • Sliding hiatal hernia
  • Pancreatitis
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9
Q

CHEST PAIN
Common causes - Musculoskeletal

A
  • rib contusions or fractures
  • intercostal muscle strains
  • costochondritis
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10
Q

CHEST PAIN
Unusal causes

A
  • panic attack (não é assim tão unusal)
  • herpes zoster
  • referred pain
  • lupus
  • sarcoidosis
  • scleroderma
  • Kawasaki disease
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • Takayasu arteritis
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11
Q

PULMONARY EMBOLISM
ECG finding?

A

S1Q3T3
(onda S em D1, onda Q em D3 e onda T invertida)

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12
Q

D-dimer
Causas de elevação?

A
  • tromboembolismo
  • inflamação
  • cirurgia/ trauma
  • doença hepática
  • doença renal
  • patologia vascular
  • neoplasia
  • terapia trombolítica
  • gravidez
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13
Q

PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Alterações no Rx Tórax?

A
  • rx pode ser normal
  • atelectasia
  • elevação do hemidiafragma
  • derrame pleural
  • Hamptons hump (opacidadade triangular adjacente à pleura)
  • Westmark sign (paucidade vascular distal ao êmbolo)
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14
Q

SEPSIS
Scores

A
  • SOFA
  • NEWS
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15
Q

SEPTIC SHOCK
Definition

A

Sepsis
+
PAM < 65 apesar de fluidoterapia
+
Lactatos > 2 mmol/L

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16
Q

MODS
Common parameters

A

Respiratory - PaO2/ FiO2
Hematology - Platelet count
Liver - Serum bilirubin
Kidney - Serum creatinine (or urine output)
Brain - GCS
Cardiovascular - Hypotension and vasopressor requirement

17
Q

FEVER OF UNKNOW ORIGIN
Etiologies?

A
  • Infections (34-39%)
  • Rheumato (20-23%)
  • Neoplasms (12-16%)
  • Miscellaneous (6-7%)
  • Undiagnosed (20-25%)
18
Q

HYPERNATREMIA
Major causes?

A
  • UNREPLACED WATER LOSS
    Insensible and sweat losses
    Gastrointestinal losses
    Central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
    Osmotic diuresis
    Hypothalamic lesions impairing thirst or osmoreceptor function
  • WATER LOSS INTO CELLS
    Severe exercise or seizures
  • SODIUM OVERLOAD
    Intake or admnistration of hypertonic sodium solutions
    ICU-acquired positive solute balance
19
Q

POTASSIUM
Impact of potassium intake in Natremia?

A

Intake without water will rise plasma sodium concentration

20
Q

Volume of water losses by skin? (Per day)

A

500-700 mL/dia
(Contudo aumenta exponencialmente com febre, exercício e altas temperaturas)

21
Q

Concentration of Na and K in sweat?

A
  • Na ~ 38-45 mEq/L
  • K ~ 5 mEq/L
22
Q

HYPERNATREMIA
Unreplaced water losses
Causes?

A
  • Skin losses
  • Gastrointestinal losses
  • Urinary losses
  • Hypothalamic lesions affecting thirst or osmoreceptor function
23
Q

DIABETES INSIPIDUS ( decreased A. Vasopressin)
Acute causes? (Most common)

A
  • transsphenoidal or transcranial surgery for pituitary tumor
  • traumatic brain injury
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
24
Q

SCABIES
Transmissão?

A
  • contacto direto (pele a pele, normalmente contacto prolongado)
  • fómites (roupa, lençóis, objetos), menos comum
25
Q

SCABIES
Clínica?

A
  • prurido ( + intenso à noite, normalmente inícia entre 3-6 semanas pós infeção)
  • pequenas papulas eritematosas
  • linhas finas ( “túneis”, cinzentas, vermelhas ou castanhas)

Med 1 (7 decks)

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