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Medicine GEP Year 1 (BCS paper 2) > GEP (Life Structure) Week 4 > Flashcards

GEP (Life Structure) Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Overview of the hand and wrist

A
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2
Q

Bones of the Carpel

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2
Q

What are the 4 main muslce of the Hand

A

4 main muscle groups:
Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Interossei
Lumbricals

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3
Q

Overview of the Thenar Muscles

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4
Q

Muscles of the hypothenar

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5
Q

What are the muscles of the lumbiricals and interossie

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6
Q

Ligaments of the wrist

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7
Q

The movement of the wrists

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8
Q

What is the proximal radio-ulna joint

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9
Q

What is the distal radio-ulna joint

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10
Q

Muscles of the anterior forearm

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11
Q

Muscles of the posterior Forearm

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12
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the hand

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13
Q

What are the brachial plexus palsies

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14
Q

Summary of anterior compartment of forearm

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15
Q

Summary of the posterior compartment of the forearm

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16
Q

Summary of the muslces of the hand

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17
Q

Overview of Rhuematoid artheritis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory form of arthritis.
Immune complexes form in the joints, which leads to triggering of the immune response through complement activation or direct activation of immune cells leading to secretion of chemokines and cytokines.
This leads to inflammation of the synovium and synovial membranes.
Primarily affects small joints of hands and feet.

Risk factors:
Family history -> 2-4x increased risk (HLA)
Smoking
Female -> as for all autoimmune disease

18
Q

Presentation of RA

A

Symmetrical arthritis lasting >6 weeks
Female
Age 50-55
Joint pain and swelling
Morning stiffness lasting >1 hour
Systemic symptoms (fatigue, muscle aches, weight loss, flu like symptoms)
Spares DIPs

Joint deformities
Swan neck
Boutonniere’s
Ulnar deviation
Rheumatoid nodules

Severe disease
Vasculitic lesions (rashes)
Pleuritic chest pain (pleuritis or pericarditis)
Scleritis
Uveitis

19
Q

What is the pathophysiology of RA

A
20
Q

Investigations of RA

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21
Q

What is DAS 28

A

The DAS28 is a measure of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DAS stands for ‘disease activity score’, and the number 28 refers to the 28 joints that are examined in this assessment.

Number of swollen joints -> out of 28
Number of tender joints -> out of 28
Measure ESR or CRP
Ask patient to make global assessment of health

22
Q

Management of RA

A
23
Q

Biologics as treatment

A

Biological drugs, commonly referred to as biologics, are a class of drugs that are produced using a living system, such as a microorganism, plant cell, or animal cell

Used in moderate-to-severe and refractory disease
Target points in the inflammatory system

24
Q

Overview of Psoriatic Artheritis

A

Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis.
Occurs in about 20% of those with psoriasis.
Shares many clinical features with spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis.
Usually seronegative, but can can be positive for anti-CCP and RF.
Clinical manifestations are varied.
Management is similar to RA

Risk factors
Psoriasis
Family history of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis
History of tendon or joint trauma
Infection
Smoking

25
Q

Presentation of Psoriatic artheritis

A

Joint pain and stiffness
Prolonged morning stiffness >30 mins
Peripheral arthritis
Early PsA may just involve a few lower extremity joints e.g. knees
Dactylitis
History of scalp or nail problems (in patients without known diagnosis of psoriasis)
Enthesitis
Spinal stiffness
Reduction of cervical spine mobility
Uveitis
Inflammatory bowel disease

26
Q

Investigations of psoriatic artheritis

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27
Q

Inflammatory compared to non-inflammatory

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28
Q

Inflammatory and Non-inflammatory of the hand

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29
Q

Overview of Gout

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30
Q

Overview of septic artheritis

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31
Q

Overview of reactive artherisit

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32
Q

Overview of carpel tunnel syndrome

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33
Q

MICRA DMARDs

A

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are a class of drugs indicated for the treatment of inflammatory arthritides, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS

34
Q

What are the key side effects of DMARDs

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Medicine GEP Year 1 (BCS paper 2) (16 decks)

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