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Earth Systems > Geosphere > Flashcards

Geosphere Flashcards

1
Q

How old is the Universe?

A

14 billion years ago

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2
Q

When was the solar system created?

A

4.5 billion years ago

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3
Q

Name the terrestrial planets and their density?

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth 
Mars
4-5g/cm^3
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4
Q

What are the Jovian planets and density?

A 
Jupiter
Saturn 
Uranus
Neptune
Gassy
0.7 - 2g cm^3
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5
Q

What core is comprised of iron and nickel

A

The core - most dense

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6
Q

What elements do the crust and mantle comprise of?

A

Silicon
Oxygen
Aluminium

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7
Q

History of the Earth - Measure of time in order and magnitude

A
  1. Eon - Billion
  2. Era - 10 million
  3. Period - Million
  4. Epoch - 1000
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8
Q

What mineral is used on ageing the Earth

A

Zircon

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9
Q

Explain how Zircon is formed

A

Tiny crystals that form when magma cools

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10
Q

When did complex life begin and what period

A

500 million during the Cambrian period following the protozoic Era

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11
Q

What Eon are we in ?

A

Phanerzoic Eon

Cenozoic Era
Quaternary period
Holocene Epoch

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12
Q

What Era as we in ?

A

Phanerzoic Eon
#Cenozoic Era
Quaternary period
Holocene Epoch

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13
Q

What Period are we in ?

A

Phanerzoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
#Quaternary period
Holocene Epoch

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14
Q

What Epoch

A

Phanerzoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
Quaternary period
#Holocene Epoch

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15
Q

What is our current timescale address?

A

Phanerozoic Eon
Cenozoic Era
Quaternary Period
Holocene Epoch

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16
Q

When did the dinosaurs appear?

A

250 million years ago

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17
Q

When did life begin and what was the first life ?

A

3.3 billion years ago cynaobacteria

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18
Q

When did the largest mass extinction occur

A

255 million years ago

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19
Q

When did humans appear?

A

200,000 years ago

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20
Q

What happened in the Archean Eon?

A

Cyanobacteria emerged

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21
Q

When was the start of life?

A

3.3 billion years ago

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22
Q

What is stromatolite

A

oldest cyanobacteria

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23
Q

When did complex life begin and what Era and what period?

A

500 million years ago complex life exploded
Phanerozoic Era
Cambrian Period

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24
Q

What Era did dino’s exist

A

Mesozoic

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25
Q

What periods did dino’s exist and what time?

A

Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
250 million years ago

26
Q

What differentiated layer do plates exist?

A

Crust

Upper mantle

27
Q

What Eon dis multicellular complex life explode?

A

The Cambrian period following the Proterozoic Eon

28
Q

Did we appear in the

Cenozoic Era, Quaternary Period, Holocene Epoch?

A

True

29
Q

What is the floating surface of the Earth

A

Isostasy

30
Q

What are the plates?

A

Rigid, rocky sheets that “float” on Earth crust an upper mantle

31
Q

What did Alfred Wegener propose in the 1910s?

A

Continental drift - supported by palaeomagnetism

32
Q

What are the main types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform
33
Q

What theory does Paleomagnetism support?

A

Continental drift

34
Q

True or False

Where you get a plate boudary do you get an earthquake?

A

True

35
Q

what are the consequences of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Earthquakes
  2. Volcanism
  3. Mountain Building
  4. Biodiversity
36
Q

What is the rocky Lithosphere made from in plate structure?

A

Crust ad upper solid mantle

37
Q

What does the lithosphere “float” on.?

A

Asthenosphere liquidy plastic

38
Q

Plate convection process

A

Hot magma rises, cools and sinks back down

39
Q

What process is it when hot magma rises to the Earths surface, cools then sinks back down?

A

Convention

40
Q

What is the swapping of the poles

A

palaeomagnetism

41
Q

Do divergent plates move toward, away or side by side each other?

A

Away

42
Q

What does are two plated craching into each called?

A

Convergent

43
Q

What are transform plated

A

side by side movement

44
Q

Land crust

A

Continental crust made of granite

45
Q

What is the oceanic crust rock

A

basalt

46
Q

What are the two types of divergent plate boundaries

A
  1. seafloor spreading

2. rifting

47
Q

When divergent plate boundaries occur and the magma and rock comes up its always oceanic crust that will form

A

True - new oceans form

Divergent activity creates new lithosphere

48
Q

Two types of convergent plate

A
  1. Subduction

2. Collision zone

49
Q

What happens when denser basalt gets sucked under the lighter continental crust?

A

Subduction zone

50
Q

What zone is responsible for the volcanic formation such as the Andes

A

subduction zone - as lighter granite continental crust goes under the denser oceanic crust it heats creating volcanic gas

51
Q

Convergent margin - continental hitting continental

A

Collision Zone -As one is not lighter than the other builds mountains - does make volcano as no sinking to the core to reheat - mountain building

52
Q

Creation of faults and earthquakes

A

Occurs at the transform plate margin

53
Q

what are the consequences of plate tectonics

A
  1. Earthquakes - all boundaries cause
  2. Volcanos - not all boundaries cause
  3. Biodiversity
54
Q

What produces a volcano

A

Subduction

55
Q

What causes the middle of plate earthquakes

A

energy from convergent plate zones - the build-up of energy

56
Q

Hot-spots

A

middle of the plate, lithosphere thin and weak - hot magma pushes up and forces its way through

57
Q

What do plate tectonics result in ?

A

Earthquakes, Volcanism. Mountain-building and Geor-biodiversity from continental drift

58
Q

What plate movement does NOT cause volcanos

A

Transform and collision

59
Q

Two types of Convergent plate boundaries

A

Subduction and Collision Zones

60
Q

Most abundant mineral group

A

Silicates

61
Q

Name the 5 mineral groups

A
  1. Silicates
  2. Oxides
  3. Carbonates
  4. Sulphides
  5. Native elements

Earth Systems (1 decks)

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