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Geography > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

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1
Q

Catch meant area

A

The drainage area that supplies water to the river

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2
Q

Drainage Basin

A

Area drained by a river system

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3
Q

Source

A

Place where’s a river begins

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4
Q

Mouth

A

Where the river flows into a sea or lake

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5
Q

Surface runoff

A

Rainwater flowing over the surface

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6
Q

Watershed

A

High ground separating one drainage basin from adjacent drainage basin

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7
Q

Stream or river network

A

Single streams and rivers that are connected

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8
Q

Tributaries

A

Single river channel forming the stream network

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9
Q

Confluence

A

Point where one river in the network joins another

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10
Q

Interfluves

A

Ridges of high ground between individual channels

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11
Q

Overland flow

A

Rainwater flowing over the surface

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12
Q

Channel flow

A

Water flowing in a river channel

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13
Q

Throughflow

A

Water flowing through the soil

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14
Q

Permeable rocks

A

Rocks that allow water to seep in

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15
Q

Groundwater

A

Underground water

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16
Q

Groundwater flow

A

Water flowing through underground rocks

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17
Q

Impermeable rock

A

Rock without pore spaces or cracks through which water is able to pass

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18
Q

Water table

A

Upper surface of the groundwater

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19
Q

Base flow

A

Groundwater that seeps into a river

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20
Q

Geology

A

Rock structure

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21
Q

Topography

A

Relief

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22
Q

Radial pattern

A

Develops on a fine where streams flow outwards and downhill

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23
Q

Trellis pattern

A

Forms on inclines strata that are unequal resistant to erosion

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24
Q

Strata

A

Rock layers

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25
Q

Rectangular pattern

A

Forms on igneous rock that has joints and cracks, stream develops right angle bends where joints meet

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26
Q

Centripetal pattern

A

Streams flow into a central pan or low lying area

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27
Q

Dendritic pattern

A

Tree like appearance, forms on rocks with similar hardness in an are with a similar gradient

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28
Q

Parallel pattern

A

On a surface that slopes uniformly but is fairly steep

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29
Q

Deranged pattern

A

No apparent drainage pattern

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30
Q

Stream order

A

The category of a stream in a network determined by the order of the streams feeding into it

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31
Q

Discharge

A

The amount of water flowing in a river channel past a point in a given time

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32
Q

Laminar flow

A

Water flowing in sheets

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33
Q

Turbulent flow

A

Water flowing in a bubbling motion

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34
Q

Longitudinal profile

A

Visual representation of the gradient down which the river flows

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35
Q

Transverse profile

A

Section drawn transversely across the valley at right angles to the river

36
Q

Upstream

A

Towards the source

37
Q

Downstream

A

Towards the mouth

38
Q

Temporary base levels

A

Changes in gradient along the course of a river where vertical erosion of the river is slowed

39
Q

Vertical erosion

A

Erosion downwards

40
Q

Permanent base level or ultimate base level

A

Lowest level to which a river will erode the land

41
Q

Gorge

A

Deep, steep sided valley

42
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of weathered rock material from the river channel

43
Q

Fluvial landforms

A

Landforms created by a river

44
Q

Spurs

A

Ridges of high ground between individual channels

45
Q

Rapids

A

A resistant layer of rock causes slight changes in gradient and turbulent flow

46
Q

Waterfalls

A

River crosses a horizontal layer of resistant rock

47
Q

Headward erosion

A

River lengthens it’s course by cutting back upstream above its original course

48
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Force of flying water loosening pebbles, stones, sand and silt from the sides and bed of channel

49
Q

Abrasion

A

Particles of sand and salt that are carried by the river scratch and where away the bed and sides of the channel

50
Q

Traction

A

Boulders in large rocks are pushed and rolled along the river bed

51
Q

Saltation

A

Smaller rocks and stones are bounced along the river bed

52
Q

Suspension

A

Salts and very small particles are carried within the flow of the water

53
Q

Sheet flow

A

Water flowing down slope in thin sheets

54
Q

Mass movement

A

Movement down slope of weathered material

55
Q

Meander’s

A

Bends in the river channel

56
Q

Alluvial fans

A

Deposition as the river flows off the mountains on to the flatter plains

57
Q

Flood plain

A

Flat valley floor

58
Q

Alluvium

A

Fertile silt deposited by a river

59
Q

Levees

A

Raised banks of a river

60
Q

Braided streams

A

Deposits of alluvium form islands in the middle of the channel, splitting the river into separate channels

61
Q

Oxbow lakes

A

A meander that is cut off when the river takes a new course across the neck of a meander loop

62
Q

Meander scars

A

Dried up oxbow lakes

63
Q

Distributaries

A

A single channel divides into a number of smaller channels that do not re-join; In other words, opposite of a tributary

64
Q

Velocity

A

Speed of a river

65
Q

Graded river

A

A river that has achieved equilibrium between its gradient, volume and channel shape, so that the river has just sufficient energy to flow, with erosion rates in balance with the deposition rates

66
Q

Over graded rivers

A

Rivers that have excess energy and therefore erode their channels

67
Q

Under graded rivers

A

Rivers that do not have enough energy to flow and to transport their load; they will deposit some of their load

68
Q

Rejuvenated river

A

A river receives additional energy and begins to the road vertically

69
Q

Isostatic uplift

A

Rising of the land

70
Q

Knickpoint

A

Sharp change in gradient a long the course of a river located at the old sea level after isostatic uplift or a drop in sea level has occurred

71
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Amount of material the river has the energy to transport

72
Q

Valley within the valley

A

Rejuvenated river begins to erode a new Valley within the old one

73
Q

River terraces

A

Steps that show the level of the valley floor prior to rejuvenation

74
Q

Knickpoint waterfall

A

A waterfall created by a sharp change in gradient

75
Q

Entrenched or incised meanders

A

A rejuvenated river maintains its meandering course, but vertical erosion leads to meanders between steep valley sides

76
Q

Ingrown meanders

A

A meander that cuts sideways into the bank so that there is a slight overhang above the stream

77
Q

Captor stream

A

More energetic river that eroded through the watershed and captured another river

78
Q

Captive stream

A

Less energetic river that was captured by the captor

79
Q

Misfit

A

Part of the river has lost its head waters

80
Q

Elbow of capture

A

Point where capture occurred; the captive changes direction and flows into the captor

81
Q

Windgap

A

The part of the original Rivervalley, between the alba and misfit, now dry and filled with gravel

82
Q

Abstraction

A

Process whereby the watershed becomes lower and its position shifts

83
Q

Superimposed drainage pattern

A

A river develops a pattern on a surface that’s has eroded overtime, so now the river is flowing on the older rocks or structures that have been uncovered

84
Q

Antecedent drainage pattern

A

After the river formed, folding or faulting occurred, but the river maintained it’s pattern, cutting a gorge through the land that has been uplifted

85
Q

Lag time

A

The period between maximum precipitation and peak discharge

Geography (1 decks)

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